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Boris Kolonitskii - Comrade Kerensky

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Название:
Comrade Kerensky
Автор:
Boris Kolonitskii
Жанр:
unrecognised / на английском языке
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неизвестен
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нет данных
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Comrade Kerensky: краткое содержание, описание и аннотация

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As one of the heroes of the 1917 February Revolution and then Prime Minister at the head of the Provisional Government, Alexander Kerensky was passionately, even fanatically, lauded as a leader during his brief political reign. Symbolic artefacts – sculptures, badges and medals – featuring his likeness abounded. Streets were renamed after him, his speeches were quoted on gravestones and literary odes dedicated to him proliferated in the major press. But, by October, Kerensky had been unceremoniously dethroned in the Bolshevik takeover and had fled to Paris and then to the US, where he would remain exiled and removed from his former glory until his death. The breakneck trajectory of his rise and fall and the intensity of his popularity were not merely a symptom of the chaos of those times but offer a window onto a much broader historical phenomenon which did not just begin with Lenin and Stalin – the cult of the leader. <br /><br />In this major new study of the Russian leadership cult, Boris Kolonitskii uses the figure of Kerensky to show how popular engagement with the idea of the leader became a key component of a cultural re-imagining of the political landscape after the fall of the monarchy. A parallel revolution was taking place on the level of creating a resonant political vocabulary where one had not existed before, and it was in the shared exercise of bestowing and dissolving authority that a politicised way of seeing began to emerge. Kolonitskii plots the unfurling of this symbolic revolution by examining the tapestry of images woven by Kerensky and those around him, and, in so doing, exposes his vital role in the development of nascent Soviet political culture. <br /><br />This highly original portrait of a revolutionary sheds new light on the cult of Kerensky that developed around this charismatic leader during the months following the overthrow of the tsar. It will be of value to students and scholars of Russian history and to those interested in political culture.

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219 219. S”ezdy i konferentsii Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskoi partii: 1905–1920 gg., 3 vols (Moscow: ROSSPEN, 2000), vol. 3, kn. 1, ‘1915–1917 gg.’, pp. 362, 365.

220 220. Abraham, Alexander Kerensky, p. 50.

221 221. Tan, ‘A. F. Kerenskii’, p. 3.

222 222. Kolonitskii, Simvoly vlasti, pp. 222–3.

223 223. Krasnyi arkhiv, vol. 5 (24) (1927), p. 209.

224 224. Aleksandr Kerenskii, ‘O pamiatnike zhertvam revoliutsii (pis’mo v redaktsiiu “Dela naroda”)’, Delo naroda, 8 April 1917. His contemporaries took great note of this initiative, and the letter was included in publications of his speeches. See, for example, Kerenskii, Rechi A. F. Kerenskogo o revoliutsii, pp. 59–60.

225 225. Dmitrii Merezhkovskii, ‘Perventsy svobody’, Niva, no. 16 (1917), pp. 230–3; no. 17, pp. 245–9; Merezhkovskii, Perventsy svobody: Istoriia vosstaniia 14-go dekabria 1825 g. (Petrograd: Narodnaia vlast’, 1917). On the meeting, see Zinaida Gippius, Siniaia kniga: Peterburgskii dnevnik, 1914–1918 (Belgrade: Radenkovich, 1929), p. 118. For evidence of Gippius’s authorship, see an early version of her ‘diary’: Gippius, Sovremennaia zapis’, OR RNB, fond 481, opis’ 1, delo 3, list 148.

226 226. ‘Zapisnye knizhki polkovnika G. A. Ivanishina’, publication by A. D. Margolis, N. K. Gerasimova and N. S. Tikhonova, Minuvshee: Istoricheskii al’manakh, (Moscow and St Petersburg), vol. 17 (1994), p. 540; Izvestiia Revel’skogo soveta rabochikh i voinskikh deputatov, 15 April 1917.

227 227. Russkii invalid, 9 May 1917.

228 228. Russkii invalid, 10 May 1917. The congress organizers themselves paid obeisance to the revolutionary tradition. The delegates visited the Field of Mars and knelt at the graves of the champions of freedom.

229 229. Krymskii vestnik [Sevastopol’], 18 May 1917; Russkii invalid, 19 May 1917; Prikazy i rechi pervogo russkogo Voennogo i Morskogo Ministra-Sotsialista A. F. Kerenskogo ([No location]: Shtab osoboi armii, 1917), pp. 32–3; A. F. Kerenskii, Ob armii i voine (Petrograd: Narodnaia volia, 1917), p. 12. There is also an Odessa publication of this title with different pagination.

230 230. Kir’iakov, Dedushka i babushka russkoi revoliutsii, p. 3.

231 231. See Babushka i vnuki (Petrograd: Narodnaia vlast’, 1917).

232 232. Partiia sotsialistov-revoliutsionerov: Dokumenty i materialy, pp. 238–9.

233 233. Volia naroda, 6 May 1917.

234 234. ‘Pomoshch’ politicheskim’, Novoe vremia, 25 March 1917.

235 235. E. Breshko-Breshkovskaia, Babushka russkoi revoliutsii, pp. 17, 42, Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace Archives, B. I. Nicolaevsky Collection, box 87, folder 1.

236 236. E. Breshkovskaia, ‘1917-i god’, Novyi zhurnal [New York], vol. 38 (1954), p. 197; Abraham, Alexander Kerensky, p. 244.

237 237. Revel’skoe slovo, 15 April 1917.

238 238. Katerina Breshkovskaia, Hidden Springs of the Russian Revolution (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1931), p. 347. A photograph of Breshko-Breshkovskaia has survived in Vladimir Zenzinov’s archive, with an inscription which gives us a clear impression of the attitude of the grandmother of the Russian Revolution towards her political grandson. ‘To Alexander Kerensky. You see, I have kept you, whom I fervently love. So that my eye can see how my dear grandson is getting along in life and invariably doing good work. How often I hear him sigh, both because his work is so hard and when he thinks of the suffering his people must bear. May my dear one sense that I share his thinking and gaze far ahead into the future. And that to you, my friend, I bequeath my last sigh, a sigh of the hope and love which always inspired me. Your Gran, Kate Breshkovskaia.’ The inscription is dated 21 February 1921, and has a note added at the end: ‘Always with you, always on your side.’ See Columbia University Library, Bakhmetieff Archive, Zenzinov Papers, box 3. Breshko-Breshkovskaia called Kerensky’s children her grandchildren (communicated to the author by Kerensky’s grandson, Stephen Kerensky).

239 239. Breshko-Breshkovskaia, Babushka russkoi revoliutsii, p. 45.

240 240. Volia naroda, 8 June 1917.

241 241. Volia naroda, 5 September 1917.

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