Marty Cagan - EMPOWERED

Empowering means creating an environment where your people can own outcomes and not just tasks. This doesn't mean less management—it means better management.

You must step back to create this space, while stepping in to remove impediments, clarify context, and provide guidance.

Remember that we need teams of missionaries , not teams of mercenaries .

Insecure managers have a particularly hard time empowering people.

The insecure manager is so worried about being recognized for their contribution, they can see their team's success as a threat to that recognition, rather than the confirmation of the contribution that it truly is. They may deal with this by closely controlling how the team works, or by controlling the team's visibility to leadership. Truly bad managers may actively undermine their own team.

Be aware of your insecurities and understand how your behavior can interfere with empowering your team.

I want to be clear that this is not about being arrogant. If anything, arrogance itself is frequently a manifestation of insecurity. Most good managers have a healthy level of humility and are always exploring and working to improve their own performance and growth. They can have these feelings without micromanaging or undermining their team.

You might be wondering what you can do if you, as a leader in the organization, don't personally have the necessary experience to coach and develop others. If this is the case, at least you are aware of this major gap in your qualifications for the job, but it will be essential for you to immediately find some product leader coaching for yourself. Find someone that has been there and done that at a strong product company and engage them to coach you—and help you in coaching your people.

An insecure manager may suppress opinions that are different from her own. This obviously impedes the development of the team, but it also stifles her effectiveness as a leader. Good leaders know that they will get the best results when they are able to consider diverse points of view. They also know that they don't have a monopoly on good ideas and that the best ones may come from others.

Nurturing a team that allows for diverse points of view begins with the hiring process where you consider your team as a portfolio of strengths and backgrounds.

It continues with creating a space where alternative points of view can flourish. In some cases, this means empowering a product person to approach her work in a way that is different from yours. In others, it means collecting a diverse range of opinions so that you can make the best decision.

Note that I'm not suggesting you encourage consensus of opinion within your team. Rather, as a manager, you are helping your team learn how to make good decisions collaboratively—leveraging the skills and expertise of each person.

Many, if not most, people are not aware of their own potential. As a coach, you are in a unique position to help them see it.

Reaching potential requires working through adversity. As a coach, you are always looking for opportunities that encourage your people to stretch beyond their comfort zone. Use judgment to right‐size the opportunity for the person and development area. You shouldn't ask someone to try something that you know they aren't ready for, but you need to find things that create some discomfort. It's through pushing through the discomfort that people overcome their fears and realize what they're truly capable of.

Reaching potential doesn't just mean addressing gaps in competence. It also means recognizing and developing inherent strengths. This is particularly important for more seasoned product people who already have a good grasp of the job.

None of your coaching efforts will be effective without trust.

This is not something you can demand or expect to happen on its own. It comes from continually demonstrating through your actions your genuine commitment to the success and development of each member of your team.

Of course, it's important that you support your team both privately and publicly. Even more important is being honest with them in both praise and criticism. Don't hold back if someone is doing particularly well. Similarly, don't sugarcoat areas that need improvement. Always remember to praise publicly but criticize privately.

I have found that you can help establish personal rapport and trust by sharing some of your own personal challenges. Trust also comes from expressing a genuine interest in the person as a person , and not just a member of the team.

Of course, you must use judgment here and not pry or insert yourself where you're not wanted. That said, I've always found that trust grows whenever a working relationship is humanized.

Sometimes, despite your best efforts, you can't find a path for a team member to become successful. When you reach this point, it's important that you act decisively.

For many managers, this is the hardest principle to follow. Coaching is about development, so you are necessarily looking at people's problems as opportunities to develop. More than this, telling someone they are not working out is one of the most painful conversations you can have. It can feel easier to just avoid it altogether and soldier through.

This hurts you, your team, and the person herself. First, you are likely spending much more time on this person than you should, at the expense of others. You're also signaling to the rest of the team that you're willing to tolerate mediocrity while at the same time asking them to work hard—a reliable path to undermining trust and killing motivation. Finally, the person with the performance issue is not getting the opportunity to move to another situation where she may have a better shot at success.

Note that I'm not suggesting you be cavalier about firing people or moving people into different jobs. You should always treat these decisions very seriously. I am saying that when you know, don't wait. You're not doing anyone any favors.

I (Chris) was fortunate in my early career to work for a company that was deeply committed to the values of coaching. The leaders didn't just “talk the talk” about team development, they took real action every day that communicated their commitment to these ideals, baking them firmly into the culture of the company. This meant that, as I grew into progressively larger management and leadership responsibilities, I had a solid framing for approaching my job, and I did my part to pass the ideas along—both in words and actions.

Unfortunately, most companies today are not so committed to coaching and development of their people, and you may have to be the one who models this approach. This starts with having a clear understanding of, and commitment to, a strong coaching mindset.

In the majority of tech companies, the organizational structure is very typical. It's a functional organizational model, which means that product managers work for a manager or director of product management; the designers work for a manager or director of design; and the engineers work for a manager or director of engineering.

In this organizational model, the manager is expected to serve as the coach of her reports.

However, there are a few alternative organizational structures out there, and in these alternative structures the manager might not have the necessary experience in the role to be able to provide effective coaching.