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1 Remote Sensing of the Terrestrial Water Cycle Venkat Lakshmi (Ed.)

2 Magnetotails in the Solar System Andreas Keiling, Caitriona Jackman, and Peter Delamere (Eds.)

3 Hawaiian Volcanoes: From Source to Surface Rebecca Carey, Valerie Cayol, Michael Poland, and Dominique Weis (Eds.)

4 Sea Ice: Physics, Mechanics, and Remote Sensing Mohammed Shokr and Nirmal Sinha (Eds.)

5 Fluid Dynamics in Complex Fractured‐Porous Systems Boris Faybishenko, Sally M. Benson, and John E. Gale (Eds.)

6 Subduction Dynamics: From Mantle Flow to Mega Disasters Gabriele Morra, David A. Yuen, Scott King, Sang Mook Lee, and Seth Stein (Eds.)

7 The Early Earth: Accretion and Differentiation James Badro and Michael Walter (Eds.)

8 Global Vegetation Dynamics: Concepts and Applications in the MC1 Model Dominique Bachelet and David Turner (Eds.)

9 Extreme Events: Observations, Modeling and Economics Mario Chavez, Michael Ghil, and Jaime Urrutia‐Fucugauchi (Eds.)

10 Auroral Dynamics and Space Weather Yongliang Zhang and Larry Paxton (Eds.)

11 Low‐Frequency Waves in Space Plasmas Andreas Keiling, Dong‐ Hun Lee, and Valery Nakariakov (Eds.)

12 Deep Earth: Physics and Chemistry of the Lower Mantle and Core Hidenori Terasaki and Rebecca A. Fischer (Eds.)

13 Integrated Imaging of the Earth: Theory and Applications Max Moorkamp, Peter G. Lelievre, Niklas Linde, and Amir Khan (Eds.)

14 Plate Boundaries and Natural Hazards Joao Duarte and Wouter Schellart (Eds.)

15 Ionospheric Space Weather: Longitude and Hemispheric Dependences and Lower Atmosphere Forcing Timothy Fuller‐ Rowell, Endawoke Yizengaw, Patricia H. Doherty, and Sunanda Basu (Eds.)

16 Terrestrial Water Cycle and Climate Change Natural and Human‐Induced Impacts Qiuhong Tang and Taikan Oki (Eds.)

17 Magnetosphere‐Ionosphere Coupling in the Solar System Charles R. Chappell, Robert W. Schunk, Peter M. Banks, James L. Burch, and Richard M. Thorne (Eds.)

18 Natural Hazard Uncertainty Assessment: Modeling and Decision Support Karin Riley, Peter Webley, and Matthew Thompson (Eds.)

19 Hydrodynamics of Time‐Periodic Groundwater Flow: Diffusion Waves in Porous Media Joe S. Depner and Todd C. Rasmussen (Auth.)

20 Active Global Seismology Ibrahim Cemen and Yucel Yilmaz (Eds.)

21 Climate Extremes Simon Wang (Ed.)

22 Fault Zone Dynamic Processes Marion Thomas (Ed.)

23 Flood Damage Survey and Assessment: New Insights from Research and Practice Daniela Molinari, Scira Menoni, and Francesco Ballio (Eds.)

24 Water‐Energy‐Food Nexus – Principles and Practices P. Abdul Salam, Sangam Shrestha, Vishnu Prasad Pandey, and Anil K Anal (Eds.)

25 Dawn–Dusk Asymmetries in Planetary Plasma Environments Stein Haaland, Andrei Rounov, and Colin Forsyth (Eds.)

26 Bioenergy and Land Use Change Zhangcai Qin, Umakant Mishra, and Astley Hastings (Eds.)

27 Microstructural Geochronology: Planetary Records Down to Atom Scale Desmond Moser, Fernando Corfu, James Darling, Steven Reddy, and Kimberly Tait (Eds.)

28 Global Flood Hazard: Applications in Modeling, Mapping and Forecasting Guy Schumann, Paul D. Bates, Giuseppe T. Aronica, and Heiko Apel (Eds.)

29 Pre‐Earthquake Processes: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Earthquake Prediction Studies Dimitar Ouzounov, Sergey Pulinets, Katsumi Hattori, and Patrick Taylor (Eds.)

30 Electric Currents in Geospace and Beyond Andreas Keiling, Octav Marghitu, and Michael Wheatland (Eds.)

31 Quantifying Uncertainty in Subsurface Systems Celine Scheidt, Lewis Li, and Jef Caers (Eds.)

32 Petroleum Engineering Moshood Sanni (Ed.)

33 Geological Carbon Storage: Subsurface Seals and Caprock Integrity Stephanie Vialle, Jonathan Ajo‐Franklin, and J. William Carey (Eds.)

34 Lithospheric Discontinuities Huaiyu Yuan and Barbara Romanowicz (Eds.)

35 Chemostratigraphy Across Major Chronological Eras Alcides N.Sial, Claudio Gaucher, Muthuvairavasamy Ramkumar, and Valderez Pinto Ferreira (Eds.)

36 Mathematical Geoenergy: Discovery, Depletion, and Renewal Paul Pukite, Dennis Coyne, and Daniel Challou (Eds.)

37 Ore Deposits: Origin, Exploration, and Exploitation Sophie Decree and Laurence Robb (Eds.)

38 Kuroshio Current: Physical, Biogeochemical and Ecosystem Dynamics Takeyoshi Nagai, Hiroaki Saito, Koji Suzuki, and Motomitsu Takahashi (Eds.)

39 Geomagnetically Induced Currents from the Sun to the Power Grid Jennifer L. Gannon, Andrei Swidinsky, and Zhonghua Xu (Eds.)

40 Shale: Subsurface Science and Engineering Thomas Dewers, Jason Heath, and Marcelo Sánchez (Eds.)

41 Submarine Landslides: Subaqueous Mass Transport Deposits From Outcrops to Seismic Profiles Kei Ogata, Andrea Festa, and Gian Andrea Pini (Eds.)

42 Iceland: Tectonics, Volcanics, and Glacial Features Tamie J. Jovanelly

43 Dayside Magnetosphere Interactions Qiugang Zong, Philippe Escoubet, David Sibeck, Guan Le, and Hui Zhang (Eds.)

44 Carbon in Earth’s Interior Craig E. Manning, Jung‐Fu Lin, and Wendy L. Mao (Eds.)

45 Nitrogen Overload: Environmental Degradation, Ramifications, and Economic Costs Brian G. Katz

46 Biogeochemical Cycles: Ecological Drivers and Environmental Impact Katerina Dontsova, Zsuzsanna Balogh‐Brunstad, and Gaël Le Roux (Eds.)

47 Seismoelectric Exploration: Theory, Experiments, and Applications Niels Grobbe, André Revil, Zhenya Zhu, and Evert Slob (Eds.)

48 El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate Michael J. McPhaden, Agus Santoso, Wenju Cai (Eds.)

49 Dynamic Magma Evolution Francesco Vetere (Ed.)

50 Large Igneous Provinces: A Driver of Global Environmental and Biotic Changes Richard. E. Ernst, Alexander J. Dickson, Andrey Bekker (Eds.)

Geophysical Monograph 256

Thomas C. Malone Alenka Malej Jadran Faganeli

Editors

This Work is a co‐publication of the American Geophysical Union and John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

This edition first published 2021

© 2021 American Geophysical Union

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