Urban Planning for Transitions

1 Cover

2 Title Page

3 Copyright First published 2021 in Great Britain and the United States by ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms and licenses issued by the CLA. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside these terms should be sent to the publishers at the undermentioned address: ISTE Ltd 27-37 St George’s Road London SW19 4EU UK www.iste.co.uk John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA www.wiley.com © ISTE Ltd 2021 The rights of Nicolas Douay and Michael Minja to be identified as the authors of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Library of Congress Control Number: 2020950533 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978-1-78630-675-3

4 Introduction

5 1 Rotterdam Resilience Strategy, Rotterdam 1 Rotterdam Resilience Strategy, Rotterdam 1.1. Introduction Rotterdam is facing several challenges including climate change and notable urbanization and digitalization, which have not only brought new opportunities but also brought new risks. Since 80% of its urban area is below sea level, water management has always been vital on the resilience agenda in Rotterdam. With the intensification of urbanization processes, permeable areas to manage stormwater drainage are diminishing. At the same time, climate change only adds to the problem, raising the probability of storms and floods and thus forcing the city to rapidly adapt into more resilient actions and strategies. On May 2016, the city of Rotterdam launched its very first resilience strategy to make the city resilient and ready for the challenges of the 21st century. To reproduce the current framework where Rotterdam is towards resilience, this chapter will briefly look into the 2016 resilient strategy and also have a brief glimpse on the history of the evolution of the urban policies on sustainable adaptations in Rotterdam. 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Context and background 1.3 Rotterdam Resilience Strategy – Ready for the 21st Century 1.4 Conclusion 1.4 References

6 2 Sustainable Florianópolis Action Plan, Santa Catarina2.1 Introduction 2.2 Context: Florianópolis’ background 2.3 The Sustainable Florianópolis Plan of Action 2.4 Analysis – Discussion 2.5 Conclusion 2.6 References

7 3 “Recife 500 Anos” Plan, Recife3.1 Introduction 3.2 Strategy, transition and innovation in a contrasting urban scenario 3.3 The plan 3.4 Critical analysis of the plan construction 3.5 Conclusion 3.6 References

8 4 Greenest City 2020, Vancouver4.1 Introduction 4.2 Context 4.3 Greenest City 2020 Action Plan – targets and goals 4.4 Why is the GCAP an innovative urban strategy? 4.5 Criticisms 4.6 Conclusion 4.7 References

9 5 The Grandeur Nature Plan, Eurométropole of Strasbourg5.1 Introduction 5.2 The Grandeur nature plan of the Eurométropole of Strasbourg 5.3 The content of the plan 5.4 The role of the Grandeur nature program 5.5 Conclusion 5.6 References

10 6 The Car-free Livability Programme, Oslo6.1 Introduction 6.2 Background: the Car-free Livability Programme of Oslo 6.3 The role of the Car-free Livability Programme and specific developments brought by it 6.4 Car-free city centers are not utopian models anymore 6.5 Conclusion 6.6 References

11 7 A Carbon-free City, Uppsala7.1 Introduction 7.2 Context 7.3 The environmental program of Uppsala’s municipality 7.4 An ambitious and inclusive environmental program: between ambitions and social realities 7.5 Conclusion 7.6 References

12 8 The Bicycle Strategy 2011–2025, Copenhagen8.1 Introduction 8.2 Context 8.3 The bicycle city plan: making the city more livable by promoting cycling 8.4 BEST Copenhagen by 2025, BUT! 8.5 Conclusion 8.6 References

13 9 Smart and Digital City Action Plan, Montreal9.1 Introduction 9.2 Context of Montreal 9.3 Montreal’s smart and digital city action plan 9.4 Analysis – discussion 9.5 Conclusion 9.6 References

14 10 A Smart City Masterplan, Kigali10.1 Introduction 10.2 Kigali background 10.3 Content of the plan 10.4 Analysis: Kigali for sale? 10.5 Conclusion 10.6 References

15 11 The Array of Things, Chicago11.1 Introduction 11.2 The Array of Things, city of Chicago 11.3 The project’s strategy 11.4 A new way of perceiving the city 11.5 Conclusion 11.6 References

16 12 22@Barcelona Project, Barcelona12.1 Introduction 12.2 22@Barcelona project case study 12.3 Content of the plan 12.4 Analysis: A transformed Poblenou 12.5 Conclusion 12.6 References

17 List of Authors

18 Index

19 End User License Agreement

1 Chapter 1 Map 1.1. Location of Rotterdam city Figure 1.1. Resilience goals of Rotterdam Brochure. For a color version of this ... Figure 1.2. Rotterdam and Amsterdam smart cities and climate proof consultancy. ... Figure 1.3. Rotterdam water system. For a color version of this figure, see www.... Map 1.2. Feijenoord district location. For a color version of this figure, see w... Figure 1.4. Benthemplein Water Square in Rotterdam (dry and filled with water). ... Figure 1.5. Parking lot project. For a color version of this figure, see www.ist... Figure 1.6. Rooftop Program, For a color version of this figure, see www.iste.co...

2 Chapter 2 Figure 2.1. Location of Santa Catarina state and the capital, Florianópolis Figure 2.2. Prioritization graph for the most critical fields (in red) and the l...

3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1. Territorial occupation of Recife. For a color version of this figure...Figure 3.2. Part of the Strategic Axes x Projects’ crossing table. For a color v...

4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1. Vancouver urban area population graph Figure 4.2. Picture of the city of Vancouver. For a color version of this figure...Figure 4.3. Housing cost in Vancouver, compared with other cities in Canada. For...Figure 4.4. Number of green jobs in Vancouver on 2010/2011 Figure 4.5. Distribution of additional green jobs generated by 2020, through the...Figure 4.6. Decreasing greenhouse gas emission origin. For a color version of th...Figure 4.7. City-wide, 24-hour mode share (%) of all trips to and within city by...Figure 4.8. Access to green space in Vancouver. For a color version of this figu...

5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1. Phases of the elaboration of the Strasbourg Grandeur Nature plan Figure 5.2. The stakeholder involved in the Strasbourg Grandeur Nature plan. For...Figure 5.3. Main issues (in red) and strategic objectives (in green) of axis 1. ...Figure 5.4. Main issues (in red) and strategic objectives (in green) of axis 2. ...Figure 5.5. Main issues (in red) and strategic objectives (in green) of axis 3. ...Figure 5.6. Main issues (in red) and strategic objectives (in green) of axis 4. ...

6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1. Oslo’s long-term zonal plan. For a color version of this figure, see...Figure 6.2. Top: Fridtjof Nansen plass is one of the areas of Oslo’s city center...Figure 6.3. More space for people in the streets, parklets in Tordenskiolds gate...Figure 6.4. The pink buses in Nordre Aker and Sagene districts pick up residents...Figure 6.5. New pedestrian street Øvre Slottsgate (photo: Ingar Sørensen) Figure 6.6. Overview and scheme of planned physical city life enhancement measur...Figure 6.7. Left: a car-free Kirkegata illustration, illustration: Diiz/Visco; r...