Point-of-Care Ultrasound Techniques for the Small Animal Practitioner

31 Chapter 31Figure 31.1. Dog positioned in lateral recumbency with the limb to be blocke...Figure 31.2. Ultrasound image of the sublumbar region at the level of L7 obt...Figure 31.3. Schematic illustration of the structures present in Figure 31.2Figure 31.4. Position of the linear transducer to visualize the femoral nerv...Figure 31.5. Ultrasound view of the inguinal region, obtained with a linear ...Figure 31.6. Schematic illustration of the structures present in Figure 31.5Figure 31.7. Dog positioned in lateral recumbency for the ultrasound‐guided ...Figure 31.8. Acoustic window of the inguinal region obtained with a linear p...Figure 31.9. Schematic representation of the structures presented in Figure ...Figure 31.10. Dog positioned in lateral recumbency for a lumbosacral trunk b...Figure 31.11. Acoustic window obtained with a linear probe positioned over t...Figure 31.12. Schematic representation of the structures presented in Figure...Figure 31.13. Dog positioned in lateral recumbency for an ultrasound‐guided ...Figure 31.14. Acoustic window obtained with a linear probe positioned distal...Figure 31.15. Schematic representation of the structures presented in Figure...Figure 31.16. Acoustic window obtained with a linear transducer positioned d...

32 Chapter 32Figure 32.1. Truncal anatomy. Schematic of the components of the paravertebr...Figure 32.2. Thoracic paravertebral block. Dog positioned in sternal recumbe...Figure 32.3. Thoracic paravertebral block. Acoustic window of the thoracic p...Figure 32.4. Thoracic paravertebral block. Schematic illustration of the str...Figure 32.5. Intercostal block. Dog positioned in lateral recumbency for an ...Figure 32.6. Intercostal block. Acoustic window of the intercostal space obt...Figure 32.7. Intercostal block. Schematic illustration of the structures pre...Figure 32.8. Transverse abdominal plane (TAP) block. Dog positioned in dorsa...Figure 32.9. Transversus abdomins plane (TAP) block. Acoustic window of the ...Figure 32.10. Transversus abdomins plane (TAP) block. Acoustic window of the...

33 Chapter 33Figure 33.1. Dog positioned in sternal recumbency for a longitudinal ultraso...Figure 33.2. Water‐based phantom and sonograms of the L7 and sacrum spinous ...Figure 33.3. Acoustic window of an oblique parasagittal view, at the level o...Figure 33.4. Dog positioned in sternal recumbency for a transverse ultrasoun...Figure 33.5. Water‐based phantom and simplified sonogram of the LS intervert...Figure 33.6. Acoustic window of a transverse section at the level of the LS ...Figure 33.7. Dog positioned in sternal recumbency for a longitudinal ultraso...Figure 33.8. Water‐based phantom and sonograms of the L1–2 intervertebral sp...Figure 33.9. Acoustic window of an oblique parasagittal section, at the leve...Figure 33.10. Ultrasound‐guided LS epidural approach. The needle is ad...Figure 33.11. Acoustic window of an oblique parasagittal section, at the L1–...Figure 33.12. Ultrasound‐guided thoracolumbar approach. The needle is ...Figure 33.13. L5–6 ultrasound‐guided approach using a in‐plane technique....Figure 33.14. Acoustic window of an oblique parasagittal section, at the lev...Figure 33.15. Ultrasound‐guided intrathecal injection at the L5–6 interverte...Figure 33.16. Acoustic window obtained with a linear probe positioned over t...Figure 33.17. Acoustic window obtained with a linear probe positioned over t...Figure 33.18. Acoustic window obtained with a linear probe positioned over t...

34 Chapter 34Figure 34.1. Normal superficial ultrasound anatomy of the ventral abdominal ...Figure 34.2. Normal mandibular salivary gland and medial retropharyngeal lym...Figure 34.3. Cellulitis. (A,B) Classic ultrasound features of cellulitis as ...Figure 34.4. Cellulitis with suspected abscessation. (A) Longitudinal images...Figure 34.5. Features of a body wall seroma. (A–D) Longitudinal images of th...Figure 34.6. Abscess next to femur and its femoral surgical repair site. (A–...Figure 34.7. Abdominal wall abscess with fistula tract. Longitudinal image o...Figure 34.8. Grass awn foreign body with local abscess. In the subcutaneous ...Figure 34.9. Grass awn foreign body. (A) Longitudinal image of the soft tiss...Figure 34.10. Mandibular sialadenitis. Longitudinal images of the right (A) ...Figure 34.11. Mandibular sialocele. Longitudinal image of the left mandibula...Figure 34.12. Zygomatic sialocele with severe dilation of the salivary duct.Figure 34.13. Suspected mandibular salivary gland rupture secondary to blunt...Figure 34.14. Inguinal hernia. (A) External view of the inguinal region of a...Figure 34.15. Inguinal hernia with displacement and vascular impairment of a...Figure 34.16. Subcutaneous lipoma. In the subcutaneous tissue at the caudal ...Figure 34.17. Subcutaneous hemangiosarcoma left tibia. (A,B) Longitudinal im...

35 Chapter 35Figure 35.1. Stand‐off pad. (A) A slip‐on stand‐off pad is used to eva...Figure 35.2. Normal biceps tendon. Longitudinal images of the biceps tendon ...Figure 35.3. Normal and partially ruptured patellar ligament. (A) The normal...Figure 35.4. Normal and peripheral nerve sheath tumor of axillary nerve. Com...Figure 35.5. Normal cartilage and osteochondrosis of the caudal aspect of th...Figure 35.6. Skull imaging. Shown are probe placement in (A) and the corresp...Figure 35.7. Skull fractures with confirmatory skull radiograph. Same dog as...Figure 35.8. Long bone fracture. Acute, short oblique fracture of the distal...Figure 35.9. Fracture and healing. Acute short oblique fracture of the dista...Figure 35.10. Osteosarcoma of the humerus. Osteosarcoma of the humerus in a ...Figure 35.11. Osteosarcoma of the scapula. Pathological fracture of the neck...Figure 35.12. Pathological fracture of scapula. Pathological fracture of the...Figure 35.13. Rib fracture and abscess. Rib fracture and abscess in a 3‐mont...Figure 35.14. Semimembranosus muscle. Partial rupture of the semimembranosus...Figure 35.15. Biceps tenosynovitis. In both longitudinal (A) and transverse ...Figure 35.16. Supraspinatus tendinopathy. (A) Longitudinal and (B) transvers...Figure 35.17. Avulsion fracture of the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula ...Figure 35.18. Partial Achilles tendon rupture. Longitudinal ultrasound image...Figure 35.19. Neuritis and regional muscle atrophy. A 9‐year‐old Portuguese ...Figure 35.20. Benign, chronic, degenerative muscle mass. Four longitudinal u...

36 Chapter 36Figure 36.1. Occult low‐grade hemoabdomen in a dog. A 12‐year‐old, fem...Figure 36.2. Global FAST with low patient impact imaging with minimal restra...Figure 36.3. Global FAST standing position. Shown is an efficient manner in ...Figure 36.4. Global FAST standing position with movement to lateral for flui...Figure 36.5. Global FAST for patient monitoring and integration of its compo...Figure 36.6. Integrating TFAST echocardiography views with fallback views. I...Figure 36.7. Taking advantage of the Global FAST nonecho fallback views. Whe...Figure 36.8. Double‐checking TFAST echocardiography views with Global FAST n...Figure 36.9. Gallbladder wall edema and integrating information to increase ...Figure 36.10. Different locations for characterization of the CVC in dogs. S...Figure 36.11. Different methods for measuring the CVC at the FAST DH view. (...Figure 36.12 Limitations and errors in measuring the CVC in longitudinal pla...Figure 36.13. Measuring pleural effusion with illustrative line drawings of ...Figure 36.14. Measuring pericardial effusion with illustrative line drawings...Figure 36.15. Estimating urinary bladder volume. Measurements of the urinary...Figure 36.16. Estimating degree of pneumothorax and the TFAST PTX 1/3s Rule.Figure 36.17. The Vet BLUE B‐line scoring system. The amount of extrav...Figure 36.18. Questions asked during staging with Global FAST. (A,B) Overlay...Figure 36.19. Global FAST approach for hemoabdomen and splenic mass. Shown o...Figure 36.20. Global FAST approach for urinary bladder mass. Shown are overl...Figure 36.21. Global FAST approach for pericardial effusion. Shown are overl...Figure 36.22. Jack Russell terrier with prostatic adenocarcinoma. Global FAS...Figure 36.23. Dachshund named Tootsie with malignant melanoma removed during...Figure 36.24. Global FAST on a rat. The application of Global FAST may be tr...Figure 36.25. Global FAST goal‐directed templates. Examples of Global ...