Julio C. Rojas - Temas selectos en ecología química de insectos

Conclusiones

Los nuevos avances surgidos en las técnicas de colecta de volátiles, análisis e identificación semioquímicos han contribuido sin duda a que este proceso se haga en menos tiempo y de manera más eficiente contando para ello con procedimientos de síntesis más eficaces. Algunas técnicas como las electrofisiológicas han permitido tener un mejor conocimiento del proceso de percepción por parte de los insectos, y esto permitirá diseñar en el futuro mejores estrategias de control de plagas.

Agradecimientos

Al Dr. Leopoldo Cruz López por sus comentarios a una versión inicial de este manuscrito.

Referencias

ANR, H., STADLER, E., & RAUSCHER, S. 1975. The electroantennographic detector. A selective and sensitive tool in the gas chromatographic analysis of insect pheromones. Z. Naturforsch . 30c: 722-725.

ARTHUR, C. L., POTTER, D. W., BUCHOLZ, S., MOTLAGH, S., & PAWLISZYN, J. 1992. Solid phase microextraction for the direct analysis of water: Theory and practice. LC/CG 10: 656-661.

BAKER, T. C., & CARDÉ, R. T. 1984. Techniques for behavioral bioassays, pp. 45-73, en Hummel, H. E. & Miller, T. A. (eds.), Techniques in Pheromone Research. Springer-Verlag, New York.

BAKER, T. C., & LINN, JR., C. E. 1984. Wind tunnel in pheromone research, pp 75-110, en H. E. Hummel, H. H., & Miller, T. A. (eds.), Techniques in Pheromone Research . Springer-Verlag, New York.

BALCH, T., KHAN, Z., & VELOSO, M. 2001. Automatically tracking and analyzing the behavior of live insect colonies, pp. 521-528, en Proc. 5 thIntl. Conf. on Autonomous Agents. ACM Press, New York.

BALTUSSEN, E, DAVID, F., SANDRA, P., JANSSEN, H., & CRAMERS, C. 1999. Automated sorptive extraction thermal desorption-gas chromatography Mass spectrometry analysis: Determination of phenols in water samples. J. Microcolumn Separations 11: 471-474.

BARALDI, P. T., ZARBIN, P. H. G, VIEIRA., P. C., & CORREA, A. G. 2002. Enantioselective synthesis of (R)and (S)-2-methyl-4-octanol, the male-produced aggregation pheromone of Curculionidae species. Tetrahedron Asymmetry 13, 621-624.

BECERRA, J. M., BELLO, E., & GRACIA-VALDECASAS, A. 1993. Building your own machine image system: A user point of view, pp. 65-92, en Marcus, L. F., Bello, E., & Garcia-valdecasas, A. (eds.), Contributions to Morphometrics . Monografías del Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales 8, Madrid.

BESTMANN, H. J., ERLE, J., & VOSTROWSKY, O. 1988. Determination of diel periodicity of sex pheromone release in three species of Lepidoptera by “closed-loop-stripping”. Experientia 44: 797-799.

BICHAO, H., BORG-KARLSON, A. K., ARAUJO, J., & MUSTAPARTA, H. 2005. Five types of olfactory receptor neurons in the strawberry blossom weevil Anthonomus rubi : selective responses to inducible host-plant volatiles. Chem. Senses 30: 153-170.

BJOSTAD L. B. 1998. Electrophysiological methods, pp. 339-375, en Millar, J. G., & Haynes, K. F. (eds.), Methods in Chemical Ecology. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell.

BORG-KARLSON, A.-K., & MOZURAITIS, R. 1996. Solid phase micro extraction technique used for collecting semiochemicals. Identification of volatiles released by individual signalling Phyllonorycter sylvella moths. Z. Naturforsc. 51c: 599-602.

BRILLI, F., RUUSKANEN, T. M., SCHNITZHOFER, R., MULLER, M., BREITENLECHNER, M., BITTNER, V., WOHLFAHRT, G., LORETO, F., & HANSEL, A. 2011. Detection of plant volatiles after leaf wounding and darkening by proton transfer reaction "time-of-flight" mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF). PLoS ONE 6: 1-12.

CARSON, C., BIRKETT, M. A., LOGAN, J. G., MAWA, K., PATESZ, H. V., PICKETT, J. A., RWEGOSHORA, R. T., TUNGU, P. K., & CAMERON, M. M. 2010. Novel use of stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) as a tool for isolation of oviposition site attractants for gravid Culex quinquefasciatus . Bull. Entomol. Res . 100: 1-7.

CHOW, S., KOENIG, W. A., & KITCHING, W. 2004. Synthesis and enantioselective gas chromatography of stereoisomers of 7,11-dimethylheptadecane- A pheromone component of Lambdina species. European J. Org. Chem . 2004: 1198-1201.

COSSÉ, A. A., TOOD, J. L., MILLAR, J. G., MARTINEZ. L. A., & BAKER, T. C. 1995. Electroantennographic and coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic responses of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata , to male-produced volatiles and mango odor. J. Chem. Ecol . 11: 1823-1834.

CRUZ-LÓPEZ, L., MALO. E. A., TOLEDO, J., VIRGEN, A., DEL MAZO, A., & ROJAS, J. C. 2006. A new potential attractant for Anastrepha obliqua from Spondias mombin fruits. J. Chem. Ecol . 32: 351-365.

DJOZAN, D. J., AHERI, T., FARSHBAF, R., & AZHARI, S. H. 2005. Investigation of solid-phase microextraction efficiency using pencil lead fiber for in vitro and in vivo sampling of defensive volatiles from insect´s scent gland. Analytica Chimica Acta 554: 197-201.

DRIJFHOUT, F. P., VAN BEEK, T. A., VISSER, J. H., & DE GROOT, A. 2000. On-line thermal desorption-gas chromatography of intact insects for pheromone analysis. J. Chem. Ecol. 1383-1392.

EL-SAYED, A., GODDE, J., & ARN, H. 2000. A computer-controlled video system from real-time recording of insect flight in three dimensions . J. Insect Behav. 13: 881-900.

FERREIRA J. T. B., & ZARBIN, P. H. G. 1996. Pheromone synthesis: A tropical approach. Enantioselective synthesis of the (2R,6S,10S) and (2S,6S,10S) isomers of methyl 2,6,10-trimethyldodecanoate. Bioorg. & Med. Chem. 4: 381-388.

FINCH, S. 1986. Assessing host-plant finding by insect, pp. 23-64, en Miller, J. R., & Miller, T. A. (eds.), Insect-Plant Interaction . Springer-Verlag, New York.

GOHLKE, R., MCLAFFERTY, F. W. 1993. “Early gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spec. 4 (5): 367.

HARE, J. D. 1998. Bioassays with terrestrial invertebrates, pp. 212-270, en Millar, J.G., & Hayes, K.F. (eds.), Methods in Chemical Ecology , vol 2. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell.

HARDIE, J., & YOUNG, S. 1997. Aphid flight track analysis in three dimensions using video techniques. Physiol. Entomol . 22: 116-122.

HEATH, R. R., & MANUKIAN, A. 1992. Development and evaluation of systems to collect volatiles semiochemicals from insects and plants using a charcoal-infused medium for air purification. J. Chem. Ecol . 18: 1209-1226.

HEATH, R. R., & DUEBEN, B. D. 1998. Analytical and preparative gas chromatography, pp. 85-126, en Millar, J. G., & Haynes, K. F. (eds.), Methods in Chemical Ecology , vol. 1. Kluwer Academic Publisher, Norwell.

HECKER, E, & BUTENANDT, A. 1984. Bombykol revisited-Reflectionon a pioneering and on some of its consequences, pp. 1-44, en Hummel, H. E. & Miller, T. A. (eds.), Techniques in Pheromone Research . Springer-Verlag, New York.

HENRICK, C. A. 1977. The synthesis of insect pheromones. Tetrahedron 33: 1845-1889.

HURTER, J., BOLLER, E. F., STADLER, E., BLATTMANN, B., BUSER, H. -R., BOSSHARD, N. U., DATUM, L., KOZLOWSKI, M. W., SCHTNI, R., RASCHDORF, F., DAHINDEN, R., SCHLUMPF, E., FRITZ, H., RICHTER, W. J., & SCHREIBER, J. 1987. Oviposition-deterring pheromone in Rhagoletis cerasi L.: Purification and determination of the chemical constitution. Experientia 43: 157-164.

JUSTUS, K. A., MURLIS, J., JONES, C., & CARDÉ, R. T. 2002. Measurement of odor-plume structure in a wind tunnel using a photoionization detector and a tracer gas. Environ. Fluid Mech . 2: 115-142.

KAISSLING, K. E. 1974. Sensory transduction in insect olfactory receptors, pp. 243-273, en Jaenicke, l. (ed.), Biochemistry of Sensory Functions. Springer Verlag, Berlin.