17 Chapter 17Figure 17.1 Evidence supporting the biphasic theory of tooth movement. Rat h...Figure 17.2 Schematic of biphasic theory of tooth movement. The biologic res...Figure 17.3 Saturation of biological response with increased orthodontic for...Figure 17.4 MOPs accelerate tooth movement in rats. (a) Rat hemimaxilla show...Figure 17.5 MOPs accelerate canine retraction in a human clinical study. In ...Figure 17.6 MOPs reduce the density of alveolar bone changing the response t...Figure 17.7 Vibration in the form of high frequency acceleration (HFA) stimu...Figure 17.8 Vibration increases inflammatory markers and the number and acti...Figure 17.9 Harnessing inflammation to deliver precision‐accelerated tooth m...
18 Chapter 18Figure 18.1 Gingival enlargement associated with poorly executed orthodontic...Figure 18.2 The effect of poor placement of orthodontic bands. The first mol...Figure 18.3 Gingival recession associated with orthodontic treatment. (a) Re...Figure 18.4 Frequencies (%) of gingival recessions per tooth at four times: ...Figure 18.5 The effect of poor orthodontic mechanics: (a) the clinical pictu...Figure 18.6 The effect of improper orthodontic mechanics, which leads to can...Figure 18.7 The effect of faulty orthodontic mechanics, which led to uncontr...Figure 18.8 Enamel surface damage caused by various interproximal stripping ...Figure 18.9 Enamel decalcification areas associated with orthodontic banding...Figure 18.10 Surface damage resulting from various enamel clean‐up methods a...Figure 18.11 Energy dispersive spectrum (device used to characterize the opa...Figure 18.12 Extreme hyperreaction of the dental pulp after 40 months of ort...Figure 18.13 (a) A panoramic pretreatment radiograph of patient’s dentition ...Figure 18.14 Extreme hyperplastic reaction in the cheek mucosa caused by an ...
19 Chapter 19Figure 19.1 Relation between the total amount of experimental tooth movement...Figure 19.2 Individual data describing the relapse over time expressed as th...Figure 19.3 Individual data describing the relapse over time expressed as th...Figure 19.4 Pressure side of a dog premolar after relapse for 18 days. Loss ...Figure 19.5 Pressure side of a dog premolar after relapse for 18 days. Loss ...Figure 19.6 Pressure side of a dog premolar after relapse for 66 days. Local...Figure 19.7 Pressure side of a dog premolar after relapse for 90 days. Compl...Figure 19.8 Tension side of a dog premolar after relapse for 18 days. Recove...Figure 19.9 Tension side of a dog premolar after relapse for 18 days. Recove...Figure 19.10 Tension side of a dog premolar after relapse for 66 days. Norma...Figure 19.11 Tension side of a dog premolar after relapse for 66 days. Local...Figure 19.12 Tension side of a dog premolar after relapse for 90 days. Gener...
20 Chapter 20Figure 20.1 (a–f) A typodont is a training device consisting of artificial t...Figure 20.2 Media preparation of cell culture. In vitro studies require asep...Figure 20.3 Four phases of clinical trials in humans.Figure 20.4 Tissue section of a maxillary canine of a 1‐year‐old female cat,...Figure 20.5 Tissue section of alveolar bone of a 3‐month‐old kitten, 6 μm th...Figure 20.6 Inverted phase contrast fluorescent microscope involves the comb...Figure 20.7 Live/dead assay – application of fluorescent staining in cell re...Figure 20.8 Environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM).Figure 20.9 A horizontal section, 6 μm thick, of a maxillary canine of a 1‐y...Figure 20.10 A view of the alveolar bone osteoblasts and adjacent PDL fibrob...Figure 20.11 Flow cytometry analysis of cell cycle. Flow cytometry offers a ...Figure 20.12 The steps in PCR.Figure 20.13 Western blot analysis of COX 2 (cyclooxygenase 2) expression in...Figure 20.14 MTT assay is considered to be the most accurate method for asse...Figure 20.15 Representative images obtained through comet assay. A, Control ...Figure 20.16 DNA fragmentation analysis: the experiment gives the opportunit...Figure 20.17 Experimental methods currently used for measuring mechanical pr...Figure 20.18 Representative image of a PDL fibroblast as observed under atom...Figure 20.19 Principle of laser deflection particle tracking. A particle at ...
21 Chapter 21Figure 21.1 Models for the relationship between force magnitude and the rate...Figure 21.2 Force–velocity curve calculated for human data derived from a ma...Figure 21.3 The cellular reactions related to the different stages of OTM....Figure 21.4 Transcriptional control of osteoblastic differentiation and prog...Figure 21.5 Theoretical model for tooth movement proposed by Henneman et al ....Figure 21.6 Schematic of sensors, signaling pathways, and responses involved...Figure 21.7 Real‐time RT‐PCR analysis of 10 genes differentially expressed i...Figure 21.8 Theoretical model of OTM from the systematic review of Vansant e ...Figure 21.9 Current and upcoming approaches to modulate OTM.
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