Zoo and Wild Animal Dentistry

21 Chapter 13A Figure 13A.1 Bobcat.Figure 13A.2 Canada Lynx: Cheyenne Mountain Zoo, Colorado Springs, Colorado ... Figure 13A.3 Caracal.Canada Lynx. Figure 13A.4 European Lynx: Noah’s Ark Sanctuary, Locust Grove, Georgia, USA...Figure 13A.5 Cheetah: Maasai Mara, Kenya, Africa 2011. Figure 13A.6 Cougar: Wildlife Waystation, Sylmar, California USA 2009. Figure 13A.7 Melanotic cougar: Wildlife Waystation Sanctuary, Sylmar, Califo... Figure 13A.8(1) Amelanotic leopard: Botswana, Africa 2016.Figure 13A.8(2) Amelanotic leopard: Maasai Mara, Kenya, Africa 2011. Figure 13A.9 Clouded Leopard: Denver, Colorado Zoo, USA. Figure 13A.10 Snow Leopard: Denver Zoo, Denver, Colorado USA 24 May 2019.... Figure 13A.11 Somalian leopard. Figure 13A.12 Liger (Sterile hybrid of Tiger ( Panthera tigris ) and African L... Figure 13A.13.1a African male lion: Botswana, Africa 2016.Figure 13A.13.1b African lioness: Maasai Mara, Kenya, Africa 2011. Figure 13A.14.1a Serval: Wildlife Waystation Sanctuary, Sylmar, California, ...Figure 13A.14.1b Serval: Exotic Feline Rescue Center, Center Point, Indiana,... Figure 13A.15 Tiger: InSync Exotics Wildlife Rescue & Education Facility, Wy...

22 Chapter 13B Figure 13B.1 African Wildcat.Figure 13B.2 Domestic Cat: Centennial, Colorado USA. Figure 13B.3 Fishing Cat. Figure 13B.4 Jungle Cat.Figure 13B.5 Ocelot: Denver Zoo, Denver, Colorado USA. 24 May 2019. Figure 13B.6 Pallas's Cat: Cheyenne Mountain Zoo, Colorado Springs, Colorado... Figure 13B.7 Savanah.

23 Chapter 14AFigure 14A.1 Black bear.Figure 14A.2 Brown bear: Wild Animal Sanctuary, Keensburg, Colorado USA. Figure 14A.3 Cinnamon Bear Ursus americanus Cinnamomum . Source: Pauk. Wilipe... Figure 14A.4 Grizzly bear: Wild Animal Sanctuary, Keensburg, Colorado USA 20...Figure 14A.5 Himalayan bear. Figure 14A.6 Kodiak bear. Figure 14A.7 Polar bear: Denver Colorado Zoo, USA.Figure 14A.8 Spectacled bear.Figure 14A.9 Sun bear.

24 Chapter 14B Figure 14B.1 Sloth bear Source: Wikipedia Public Domain 29 March 2018.

25 Chapter 15AFigure 15A.1 Aye Aye.Figure 15A.2 Bush baby: Mfuwe Lodge, Kapamba Camp, Zambia, Africa 2014.Figure 15A.3 Red Ruffed Lemur: Denver Zoo, Denver, Colorado USA 24 May 2019....Figure 15A.3a Ring‐tailed Lemur: Denver Zoo, Denver, Colorado USA 24 May 201...Figure 15A.4 Flying Lemur.Figure 15A.5 Loris faces.Figure 15A.6 Potto. Figure 15A.7 Sifaka. Figure 15A.8 Tarsier (Philippines).

26 Chapter 15BFigure 15B.1.1 Golden Lion Tamarin: Denver Zoo, Denver, Colorado USA 24 May ...Figure 15B.1.1a Emperor Tamarin: Denver Zoo, Denver, Colorado USA 24 May 201...Figure 15B.1.2 Capuchin Monkey: Noah's Ark Sanctuary, Atlanta, Georgia USA 2... Figure 15B.1.2a Hooded Capuchin Monkey: Denver Zoo, Denver, Colorado USA. 24...Figure 15B.1.3 Howler Monkey: Denver Colorado Zoo 2017. Figure 15B.1.4 Brazil Amazon Jungle 2007. Figure 15B.1.5 Spider monkey: Sanctuary in Georgia, USA 2012. Figure 15B.1.6 Wooly Monkey.Figure 15B.2.1 Colobus Monkey: Denver Zoo, Colorado USA 2014. Figure 15B.2.2 Silvered Leaf Monkey: Borneo (Kalimantan), Indonesia 2016.... Figure 15B.2.3 Wolf's Guenon: Denver Zoo, Denver, Colorado USA 24 May 2019....Figure 15B.2.4 Rhesus Macaque.Figure 15B.2.5 Chacma Baboon, Botswana 2016. Figure 15B.2.6 Olive Baboons, Amboseli, Kenya, Africa 2011.Figure 15B.2.7 Yellow baboon, Kapamba Camp, Zambia, Africa 2014. Figure 15B.2.8 Mandrill: Wildlife Waystation Sanctuary, Sylmar, California, ... Figure 15B.2.9 Proboscus Monkey: Borneo, Indonesia 2016. Figure 15B.2.10 Vervet Monkey: Botswana, Africa 2016.Figure 15B.3.1a Gibbon Ape: Sanctuary in Georgia, USA 2012.Figure 15B.3.1b Siamang: Cheyenne Mountain Zoo, Colorado Springs, Colorado U...Figure 15B.3.2 Siamang: Denver Zoo, Denver, Colorado USA 27 June 2019. Figure 15B.4.1 Chimpanzee: Wildlife Waystation Sanctuary, Sylmar, California...Figure 15B.4.2 Gorilla: Largest of the apes. Sydney Australia Zoo 2017. Figure 15B.4.3 Peter P. Emily, Denver, Colorado USA 2017.Figure 15B.4.4 Orangutan: Borneo (Kalimantan), Indonesia 2016.

27 Chapter 16Figure 16.1 Common Treeshrew.

28 Chapter 17Figure 17.1.1a African Wild Dog: Botswana, Africa 2016.Figure 17.1.1b African Wild Dog: Botswana, Africa 2016.Figure 17.2 Coyote: Wild Animal Sanctuary, Keensburg, Colorado USA 2017. Figure 17.3 Dhole. Figure 17.4 Dingo. Figure 17.5 Left, Norfolk terrier female puppy; Right, Labrador retriever ad... Figure 17.6.1 Arctic fox: Denver, Colorado Zoo, USA 2009.Figure 17.6.2 Gray fox. Figure 17.6.3 Kit fox.Figure 17.6.4 Red fox.Figure 17.7.1a Black‐backed Jackal: Maasai Mara, Kenya, Africa 2011.Figure 17.7.1b Side‐striped Jackal: South Africa 2014.Figure 17.8.1a Wolf: Sanctuary in southern California USA 2009.Figure 17.8.1b Gray Wolf: Cheyenne Mountain Zoo, Colorado Springs, Colorado ...Figure 17.9 Maned Wolf.

29 Chapter 18Figure 18.1 Coatimundi: Noah's Ark Sanctuary, Locust Grove, Georgia USA 2012... Figure 18.2 Racoon. Figure 18.3 Giant Panda. Figure 18.4 Red Panda.Figure 18.5 Kinkajou.

30 Chapter 19 Figure 19.1 Black‐footed Ferret. Figure 19.2 Domestic Ferret. Figure 19.3 Pine Martin. Figure 19.4 Fisher.Figure 19.5.1 American Mink: Dawes Glacier, Alaska, USA 2018. Figure 19.6 European Mink. Figure 19.7 Striped Skunk. Figure 19.8 Weasel.Figure 19.9 Wolverine: Anchorage Zoo, Alaska USA 2018.Figure 19.10 American Badger. Figure 19.11 North American River Otter (San Francisco Zoo, San Francisco US...Figure 19.12 Sea Otter.Figure 19.13 Small‐clawed Otter (Asia): Denver, Colorado Zoo, USA.

31 Chapter 20Figure 20.1 Binturong. Figure 20.2 African Civet. Figure 20.3.1 Genet: Mfuwe Lodge, Chindeni Camp, South Africa 2014. Figure 20.4.1 Banded Mongoose: Botswana, Africa 2016.Figure 20.4.2 Dwarf Mongoose: Amboseli, Kenya, Africa 2011.Figure 20.4.3 Gray Meerkat Botswana, Africa 2016.Figure 20.4.4 Meerkat: Cheyenne Mountain Zoo, Colorado Springs, Colorado USA...Figure 20.4.4a Meerkat: Cheyenne Mountain Zoo, Colorado Springs, Colorado US...

32 Chapter 21Figure 21.1 Aardwolf.Figure 21.2 Brown hyena. Figure 21.3 (a) Spotted hyena, with a young Cape Buffalo head. Maasai Mara, ... Figure 21.4 Striped hyena: Denver, Colorado Zoo U.S.A. 2017.

33 Chapter 22Figure 22.1 American Opossum. Figure 22.2 Bandicoot.Figure 22.3 Cuscus. Figure 22.4 Honey Possum tarsipes rostratus . Source: By John Gould – http://... Figure 22.5 Kangaroo‐Grey: Taronga Zoo, Sydney, Australia 2017.Figure 22.6.1a Kangaroo‐Red: Taronga Zoo, Sydney, Australia 2017.Figure 22.6.1b Kangaroo‐Red: Taronga Zoo, Sydney, Australia 2007.Figure 22.7 Tree Kangaroo: Taronga Zoo, Sydney, Sydney, Australia 2017.Figure 22.8 Wallaby: Taronga Zoo, Sydney, Australia 2017.Figure 22.9 Koala: Koala Sanctuary, Brisbane, Australia 2008. Figure 22.10.1a Tasmanian Devil.Figure 22.10.1b Tasmanian Devil Disease: Taronga Zoo, Sydney, Australia 2017...Figure 22.10.1c Tasmanian devil skull: Taronga Zoo, Sydney, Australia 2017....Figure 22.11 Pygmy Possum.Figure 22.12 Wombat: Koala Sanctuary, Brisbane, Australia 2008.

34 Chapter 23A Figure 23A.1 Aardvark. Figure 23A.2 African Elephant: Amboseli, Kenya, Africa 2011.Figure 23A.3 Asian Elephant (Native of Thailand): Denver Zoo, Denver, CO USA... Figure 23A.4 Rock Hyrax: Table Mountain, Capetown, South Africa 2014.

35 Chapter 23B Figure 23B.1.1 Somali Wild Ass: Denver Colorado Zoo, USA 2017.Figure 23B.1.2.1 Burchell's Zebra (Stripes meet mid‐ventral; ears thick and ... Figure 23B.1.2.2 Gréve's Zebra, South Africa 2014. Figure 23B.1.3.1a Domestic horse: Maui, Hawaii, USA 2016.Figure 23B.1.3.1b Mongolian Wild Horse: Denver Zoo, Denver, Colorado USA 24 ...Figure 23B.1.3.1c Miniature Horse: Pueblo, Colorado Zoo USA 2012. Figure 23B.1.4a Black Rhinoceros: Maasai Mara, Kenya, Africa 2011.Figure 23B.1.4b Black Rhinoceros, South Africa 2014. Figure 23B.1.5 Greater One‐horned Rhinoceros: Denver Zoo, Denver, Colorado U...Figure 23B.1.6 White Rhinoceros and calf: Botswana 2016. Figure 23B.1.7 Sardinian Donkey.Figure 23B.1.8a Mountain Tapir: Cheyenne Mountain Zoo, Colorado Springs, Col...Figure 23B.1.8b Mountain Tapir: Cheyenne Mountain Zoo, Colorado Springs, Col... Figure 23B.1.8c Malayan Tapir: Denver, Colorado Zoo U.S.A. 2017.Figure 23B.2.1a(1) Babirusa (Deer Pig).Figure 23B.2.1a(2) Babirusa. Figure 23B.2.1b Bush Pig. Figure 23B.2.1c Domestic Boar. Figure 23B.2.1c(1) Vietnam Pot‐bellied pig: Denver Zoo, Denver, Colorado USA... Figure 23B.2.1d Peccary. Figure 23B.2.1e Pygmy Hog. Figure 23B.2.1f(1) Warthog: Botswana, Africa 2016.Figure 23B.2.1f(2) Warthog Skull Figure 23B.2.1g(1) Hippopotamus: Maasai Mara, Kenya, Africa 2011.Figure 23B.2.1g(2) Sow with 1‐week old calf that just crossed a river. Chind...Figure 23B.2.1g(3) Hippo: Denver Colorado Zoo USA 2017. Figure 23B.2.1h Alpaca. Figure 23B.2.1i(1) Bactrian Camel: Denver Zoo, Denver, Colorado USA 24 May 2...Figure 23B.2.1i(2) Dromedary Camel: Amboseli, Kenya, Africa 2014.Figure 23B.2.1j Guanaco. Figure 23B.2.1k Llamas: Cusco, Peru 2006. Figure 23B.2.1l Vicuna. Figure 23B.2.2a(1) Bison: Rocky Mountain Arsenal Preserve 2017, Denver, Colo... Figure 23B.2.2a(2) Cape Buffalo: Maasai Mara, Kenya, Africa 2011. Figure 23B.2.2a(3a) Water Buffalo: Sydney Australia Zoo, 2017.Figure 23B.2.2a(3b) Water Buffalo: Denver, Colorado Zoo, U.S.A. 2009. Figure 23B.2.2a(4) Yak. Figure 23B.2.2b(1) Bongo. Figure 23B.2.2b(2) Bushbuck. Figure 23B.2.2b(3) Common Eland. Figure 23B.2.2b(4) Giant Eland: Amboseli, Kenya, Africa 2011. Figure 23B.2.2b(5a) Male Greater Kudu: Botswana, Africa 2016.Figure 23B.2.2b(5b) Female Greater Kudu: Botswana, Africa 2016. Figure 23B.2.2b(5c) Lesser Kudu: Denver Zoo, Denver, Colorado USA 18 Septemb...Figure 23B.2.2b(6) Mountain Nyala. Figure 23B.2.2c(1a) A tower of Rothschild Giraffes, Botswana, Africa 2016....Figure 23B.2.2c(1b) Female Giraffes have thinner, longer horns, Botswana, Af...Figure 23B.2.2c(1c) Giraffe skull‐Cheyenne Mountain Zoo, Colorado Springs, C... Figure 23B.2.2c(2) Okapi: Denver Colorado Zoo, Denver, Colorado U.S.A. 2017.... Figure 23B.2.2.d(1) Gnu (Black Wildebeest).Figure 23B.2.2.d(2) Blue Wildebeest: Botswana, Africa 2016.Figure 23B.2.2.d(3) Hartebeest.Figure 23B.2.2.d(4a) Young male sparring Impalas: Maasai Mara, Kenya, Africa...Figure 23B.2.2.d(4b) Female Impala: Maasai Mara, Kenya, Africa 2011. Figure 23B.2.2.d(5) Red Lechwe: Botswana, Africa 2016.Figure 23B.2.2.d(6a) Male Puku: Kapamba Camp, Zambia, Africa 2014.Figure 23B.2.2.d(6b) Female Puku: Zambia, Africa 2014. Figure 23B.2.2.d(7a) Male Reedbuck: Botswana, Africa 2016. Figure 23B.2.2.d(7b) Female Reedbuck: Botswana, Africa 2016. Figure 23B.2.2.d(8) Rhebok.Figure 23B.2.2.d(9) Tessebe: Botswana, Africa 2016. Figure 23B.2.2.d(10a) Waterbuck‐male: Botswana, Africa 2016.Figure 23B.2.2.d(10b) Male Waterbuck: Samburu, Kenya, Africa 2011.Figure 23B.2.2.d(10c) Female Waterbuck: South Africa 2014.Figure 23B.2.2.e(1) Gemsbok. Figure 23B.2.2e(2) Arabian Oryx. Figure 23B.2.2e(3) Pronghorn Antelope: Wyoming U.S.A. 1980s.Figure 23B.2.2e(4) Roan Antelope: Botswana, Africa 2016. Figure 23B.2.2e(5) Sable Antelope. Figure 23B.2.2e(6) Scimitar Oryx. Figure 23B.2.2e(7) Topi: Maasai Mara, Kenya, Africa 19 June 2011. Figure 23B.2.2f(1) Argale Goat.Figure 23B.2.2f(2) Dik Dik: Omalo, Kenya, Africa 18 June 2011.Figure 23B.2.2f (3) Anglo‐Nubian goat: Cheyenne Mountain Zoo, Colorado Sprin... Figure 23B.2.2f(4a) Gerenuk (Male): Denver, Colorado Zoo U.S.A. Figure 23B.2.2.f(4b) Gerenuk (Female): Amboseli, Kenya, Africa 2011. Figure 23B.2.2f(5) Grant's Gazelle: Maasai Mara, Kenya, Africa 2011.Figure 23B.2.2g(1) African Pygmy Goat. Figure 23B.2.2g(2) Springbok. Figure 23B.2.2g(3a) Male Steenbok: Botswana, Africa 2016.Figure 23B.2.2g(3b) Female Steenbok: Botswana, Africa 2016.Figure 23B.2.2g(4) Bighorn Sheep: Mt. Evans, Colorado U.S.A. 2009. Figure 23B.2.2g(5) Chevrotain.Figure 23B.2.2g(6) Domestic Sheep: North Rotarua, New Zealand 2008. Figure 23B.2.2g(7) Musk Deer. Figure 23B.2.2h(1) Caribou (Reindeer): Denali National Park, SE Alaska USA 2... Figure 23B.2.2h(2) Common Duiker. Figure 23B.2.2h(3) Moose: State Forest State Park, Colorado U.S.A. 2015.Figure 23B.2.2h(4) Mule Deer: Colorado Rocky Mountains U.S.A. 1960s. Figure 23B.2.2h(5) Muntjac.Figure 23B.2.2h(6) Red Deer. Figure 23B.2.2h(7a) Reedbuck, male: Botswana. Africa 2016. Figure 23B.2.2h(7b) Reedbuck, female: Botswana, South Africa 2016. Figure 23B.2.2h(8) Roe Deer.Figure 23B.2.2h(9) Sambar Deer. Figure 23B.2.2h(10) Wapiti.Figure 23B.2.2h(11) Whitetail Deer.