Jim Fowler - Practical Statistics for Nursing and Health Care

7 Chapter 11Table 11.1 Distinctions between non‐parametric and parametric tests.

8 Chapter 12Table 12.1 Frequency of patient deaths.Table 12.2 Head injuries and helmets.Table 12.3 Numbers of women smokers and non‐smokers.Table 12.4 Calculation of expected frequencies.Table 12.5 Depression and suicidal intent (expected frequencies in brackets).Table 12.6 Gender differences in locations of accidents (expected frequencies...

9 Chapter 13Table 13.1 The strength of a correlation.Table 13.2 Chest circumference and birth weight of 10 babies.Table 13.3 Attendance at births by trained care workers in different countrie...

10 Chapter 15Table 15.1 Waiting times (min) at four outpatient clinics (rank score in brac...Table 15.2 Time taken by 15 student subjects (A–O) to undertake a task before...Table 15.3 Ranking of matched pairs.Table 15.4 Growth weights (kg) of matched pairs of babies.

11 Chapter 16Table 16.1 Systolic blood pressure measurements from four hospital wards.Table 16.2 Mean (with S.E.) systolic blood pressure measurements (mmHg) of sa...

12 Appendix LTable L.1 Values of Q to be used in the formula for calculating the required ...

1 Chapter 3 Figure 3.1 The limits of an observation.

2 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 Dot plots showing frequency distribution of (a) 17 new‐born baby ...Figure 4.2 Bar graph showing distribution of blood‐group types.Figure 4.3 Frequency distribution of traffic accident fatalities.Figure 4.4 Frequency distribution of systolic blood pressure observations fr...Figure 4.5 Frequency polygon of systolic blood pressure observations from 15...Figure 4.6 Frequency curve of 100 new‐born baby weights.Figure 4.7 Boys weight‐for‐age growth chart from birth to 12 months.Figure 4.8 Scattergram of weight and chest circumference of 25 new‐born babi...Figure 4.9 Location of accidents (a) males and (b) females.

3 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 The principle of cohort studies.Figure 6.2 Principle of case‐control studies.

4 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 Bimodal distribution of Forced Expiratory Volume in one second of...Figure 7.2 (a) Symmetrical distribution; (b) skewed distribution.

5 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 Estimated probability distribution of new‐born baby weights.Figure 9.2 Gradation of histogram (a) into the normal curve (b).Figure 9.3 Normal curves. (a) Similar μ and different σ; (b) different μ and...Figure 9.4 Normal curve with standard deviations.Figure 9.5 The normal curve with 5% in two tails.Figure 9.6 The normal curve with 5% in upper tail.Figure 9.7 (a) Untransformed observations; (b) logarithmically transformed o...

6 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 The difference between two sample means.

7 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 Size frequency distributions of systolic blood pressure measurem...Figure 11.2 Hypothesis testing and the normal curve. (a) Two‐tailed test; (b...

8 Chapter 13Figure 13.1 Scattergrams of bivariate data.Figure 13.2 Perfect correlations.

9 Chapter 14Figure 14.1 A regression line.Figure 14.2 Gradients of slopes: gradient = y units/ x units.Figure 14.3 Final height of car above sea level = a + bx , where b is the gra...Figure 14.4 A perfect linear relationship.Figure 14.5 Deviations from the regression line.Figure 14.6 Regression of oxygen consumption on exercise time.Figure 14.7 Graph of decline in plasma concentration of ‘Drug D’. (a) Axes u...

1 Cover Page

2 Title Page

3 Copyright Page

4 Preface

5 Foreword to Students

6 Table of Contents

7 Begin Reading

8 Appendix A Table of Random Numbers

9 Appendix B t‐Distribution

10 Appendix C χ 2‐Distribution

11 Appendix D Critical Values of Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient

12 Appendix E Critical Values of the Product Moment Correlation Coefficient

13 Appendix F Mann–Whitney U ‐test Values (Two‐Tailed Test) P = 0.05

14 Appendix G Critical Values of T in the Wilcoxon Test for Matched Pairs

15 Appendix H F‐Distribution

16 Appendix I Tukey Test

17 Appendix J Symbols

18 Appendix K Leicestershire ECT Study Data:

19 Appendix L How Large Should Our Samples Be?

20 Bibliography

21 Index

22 Wiley End User License Agreement

1 iii

2 iv

3 xi

4 xii

5 xiii

6 xiv

7 xv

8 1

9 2

10 3

11 5

12 6

13 7

14 8

15 9

16 10

17 11

18 12

19 13

20 14

21 15

22 16

23 17

24 18

25 19

26 20

27 21

28 22

29 23

30 25

31 26

32 27

33 28

34 29

35 30

36 31

37 32

38 33

39 34

40 35

41 36

42 37

43 38

44 39

45 40

46 41

47 42

48 43

49 44

50 45

51 46

52 47

53 48

54 49

55 50

56 51

57 52

58 53

59 54

60 55

61 57

62 58

63 59

64 60

65 61

66 62

67 63

68 65

69 66

70 67

71 68

72 69

73 70

74 71

75 72

76 73

77 74

78 75

79 76

80 77

81 78

82 79

83 81

84 82

85 83

86 84

87 85

88 86

89 87

90 88

91 89

92 90

93 91

94 92

95 93

96 94

97 95

98 96

99 97

100 99

101 100

102 101

103 102

104 103

105 104

106 105

107 106

108 107

109 108

110 109

111 110

112 111

113 113

114 114

115 115

116 116

117 117

118 118

119 119

120 120

121 121

122 122

123 123

124 124

125 125

126 126

127 127

128 128

129 129

130 130

131 131

132 132

133 133

134 135

135 136

136 137

137 138

138 139

139 140

140 141

141 142

142 143

143 144

144 145

145 146

146 147

147 148

148 149

149 150

150 151

151 152

152 153

153 154

154 155

155 156

156 157

157 159

158 160

159 161

160 162

161 163

162 164

163 165

164 166

165 167

166 169

167 170

168 171

169 173

170 174

171 175

172 176

173 177

174 178

175 179

176 180

177 181

178 183

179 184

180 185

181 186

182 187

183 188

184 189

185 190

186 191

187 193

188 194

189 195

190 196

191 197

192 198

193 199

Second Edition

Jim Fowler

Former Principal Lecturer , Department of Biological Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK

Philip Jarvis

Statistician , Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland

and

Mel Chevannes

Professor of Nursing and Head of Department of Nursing , De Montfort University, Leicester, UK

This second edition first published 2021

© 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd

Edition History John Wiley & Sons Ltd. (1e, 2002)

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.