21 21»Inflation Rate, Average Consumer Prices, Annual Percent Change, Advanced Economies«, World Economic Outlook, Internationaler Währungsfonds, April 2020, https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/PCPIPCH@WEO/ADVEC/OEMDC.
22 22Internationaler Währungsfonds, DataMapper, https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/ GGXWDG_NGDP@WEO/OEMDC/ADVEC/WEOWORLD.
23 23»Youth Dividend or Ticking Time Bomb?« Africa Renewal, UN, 2017, https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/special-edition-youth-2017/youth-dividend-or-ticking-time-bomb.
24 24»EMYouth Bulge:A Demographic Dividend or Time Bomb?« Jonathan Wheatley, Financial Times, Mai 2013, https://www.ft.com/content/f08db252-6e84-371d-980a-30ab41650ff2.
25 25National Institute of Population and Social Security Research, Japan, http://www.ipss.go.jp/pp-zenkoku/e/zenkoku_e2017/pp_zenkoku2017e_gaiyou.html#e_zenkoku_II.
26 26»Gross Debt Position,% of GDP«, Fiscal Monitor, International Monetary Fund, April 2020, https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/G_XWDG_G01_GDP_PT@FM/ADVEC/ FM_EMG/FM_LIDC.
27 27Ibidem.
28 28»U.S. Central Bank Cuts Interest Rate for 1st Time since 2008«, CBC, Juli 2019, https:// www.cbc.ca/news/business/federal-reserve-interest-rate-decision-1.5231891.
29 29»United States Fed Funds Rate, 1971–2020«, Trading Economics, https://tradingeconomics.com/united-states/interest-rate.
30 30Diese Praxis ist in vielen öl- und gasproduzierenden Ländern wie dem Iran, Russland, Saudi-Arabien, Irak, den VAE, Libyen und Kuwait, aber auch in anderen Schwellenländern wie China, Indonesien, Mexiko und Ägypten üblich. Siehe: »Energy Subsidies,Tracking the Impact of FossilFuel Subsidies«, IEA, https://www.iea.org/topics/energy-subsidies.
31 31»Public Spending on Health: A Closer Look at Global Trends«, Weltgesundheitsorganisation, https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/276728/WHO-HIS-HGF-HF-Working Paper-18.3-eng.pdf?ua=1.
32 32»Global Infrastructure Outlook«, Global Infrastructure Hub, https://outlook.gihub.org/.
33 33»We'll Live to 100—How Can We Afford It?« Weltwirtschaftsforum, http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_White_Paper_We_Will_Live_to_100.pdf.
34 34»Labor Productivity and Costs«, Bureau of Labor Statistics, https://www.bls.gov/lpc/ prodybar.htm.
35 35»Decoupling of Wages from Productivity«, OECD, Economic Outlook, November 2018, https://www.oecd.org/economy/outlook/Decoupling-of-wages-from-productivity-november-2018-OECD-economic-outlook-chapter.pdf.
36 36»Some Notes on the Scientific Methods of Simon Kuznets«, Robert Fogel, National Bureau of Economic Research, Dezember 1987, https://www.nber.org/papers/w2461.pdf
37 37»Global Inequality is Declining—Largely Thanks to China and India«, Zsolt Darvas, Bruegel Institute, April 2018, https://bruegel.org/2018/04/global-income-inequality-is-declining-largely-thanks-to-china-and-india/.
38 38»Upper-Middle-Income Countries«, Weltbank, https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/ knowledgebase/articles/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups.
39 39»China Lifts 740 Million Rural Poor Out of Poverty Since 1978«, Xinhua, September 2018, http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/201809/03/c_137441670.htm.
40 40»Minneapolis Fed«, Income and Wealth Inequality in America, 1949–2016, https://www. minneapolisfed.org/institute/working-papers-institute/iwp9.pdf.
41 41»Piketty's Inequality Story in Six Charts«, John Cassidy, The New Yorker, März 2014, https://www.newyorker.com/news/john-cassidy/pikettys-inequality-story-in-six-charts.
42 42»World Inequality Report, 2018«, https://wir2018.wid.world/files/download/wir2018-summary-english.pdf.
43 43The Precariat: The New Dangerous Class, Guy Standing, 2011, https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/the-precariat-9781849664561/.
44 44Interview mit Kalle Lasn von Peter Vanham, Vancouver, Kanada, März 2012.
45 45»World Inequality Report, 2018«, https://wir2018.wid.world/files/download/wir2018-summary-english.pdf.
46 46»How Unequal Is Europe? Evidence from Distributional National Accounts, 1980–2017«, Thomas Blanchet, Lucas Chancel, Amory Gethin, World Economic Database, April 2019, https://wid.world/document/bcg2019-full-paper/.
47 47EU income inequality decline: Views from an income shares perspective, Zsolt Darvas, Bruegel Institute, 2018, https://www.bruegel.org/2018/07/eu-income-inequality-decline-views-from-an-income-shares-perspective/.
48 48»Wealth Inequality in the United States since 1913: Evidence from Capitalized Income Tax Data«, Emmanuel Saez and Gabriel Zucman, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Mai 2016, http://gabriel-zucman.eu/files/SaezZucman2016QJE.pdf.
49 49»Share of Total Income going to the Top 1% since 1900, Within-Country Inequality in Rich Countries«, Our World in Data, Oktober 2016, https://ourworldindata.org/income-inequality.
50 50»How America's 1% Came to Dominate Equity Ownership«, Robin Wigglesworth, Financial Times, Februar 2020, https://www.ft.com/content/2501e154-4789-11ea-aeb3-955839e06441.
51 51Es ist dennoch interessant festzustellen, wie Branko Milanovic es getan hat, dass, obwohl die Vermögensungleichheit – vor allem durch Aktienbesitz bedingt – groß ist und wächst, es keine echte »kapitalistische« Klasse mehr gibt, wie Karl Marx im 19. Jahrhundert behauptete. Vermögende Haushalte beziehen zwar einen großen Teil ihres Vermögens aus »Kapital«, aber nicht alles: Tatsächlich arbeiten die meisten »Vermögenden« auch für ihren Lebensunterhalt und haben oft gut bezahlte Positionen in der Finanz-, Rechts- oder Medizinbranche.
52 52»The American Economy Is Rigged«, Joseph Stiglitz, Scientific American, November 2018, https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-american-economy-is-rigged/.
53 53»Mortality and Morbidity in the 21st Century«, Anne Case and Angus Deaton, Brookings Institute, März 2017, https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/mortality-and-morbidity-in-the-21st-century/.
54 54»Deaths of Despair, Once an American Phenomenon, Now Haunt Britain«, The Economist, Mai 2019, https://www.economist.com/britain/2019/05/16/deaths-of-despair-once-an-american-phenomenon-now-haunt-britain.
55 552Variation in COVID-19 Hospitalizations and Deaths Across New York City Boroughs«, Journal of the American Medical Association, April 2020, https://jamanetwork.com/journals/ jama/fullarticle/2765524.
56 56»Total Public and Primary Private Health Insurance«, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=HEALTH_ STAT.
57 57»Global Social Mobility Index 2020: Why Economies Benefit from Fixing Inequality«, World Economic Forum, Januar 2020, https://www.weforum.org/reports/global-social-mobility-index-2020-why-economies-benefit-from-fixing-inequality.
58 58»Fair Progress? Economic Mobility across Generations around the World, 2018«, The World Bank, https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/publication/fair-progress-economic-mobility-across-generations-around-the-world.
59 59Ibidem.
60 60»Some Notes on the Scientific Methods of Simon Kuznets«, Robert Fogel, NBER, Dezember 1987, https://www.nber.org/papers/w2461.pdf.
61 61Diese beiden Sätze sind aus »The World Economic Forum, A Partner in Shaping History, The First 40 Years, 1971–2010« adaptiert http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_First-40Years_Book_2010.pdf.
62 62The Limits to Growth, S. 51, http://www.donellameadows.org/wp-content/userfiles/Lim-its-to-Growth-digital-scan-version.pdf.
63 63Ibidem, S. 53.
64 64Ibidem, S. 71.
65 65»Earth Overshoot Day«, Global Footprint Network, https://www.overshootday.org/newsroom/press-release-july-2019-english/.
66 66»Delayed Earth Overshoot Day Points to Opportunities to Build Future in Harmony with Our Finite Planet«, Global Footprint Network, August 2020, https://www.overshootday.org/newsroom/press-release-august-2020-english/.
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