Surgery of Exotic Animals

15 Chapter 15Figure 15.1 Triangulation involves using a scope portal in the center and tw...Figure 15.2 Use a finger to push on the body wall while visualizing internal...Figure 15.3 A Sils™ Port (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN) (single incision, sing...Figure 15.4 Exteriorize the mass (a) and perform an intestinal resection and...Figure 15.5 The entry point for avian endoscopy with the leg pulled over the...Figure 15.6 Once the coelomic cavity has been entered identify the liver (L)...Figure 15.7 Landmarks for scope portal placement (blue dot) for a lateral ap...Figure 15.8 For coelioscopy in chelonians, pull the hind limb caudally to al...Figure 15.9 Use cup biopsy forceps to obtain liver biopsies (a). The biopsy ...Figure 15.10 Obtain gastrointestinal biopsies using a scope‐assisted techniq...Figure 15.11 For laparoscopic ovariectomy using a three‐port technique, gras...Figure 15.12 Surgitie™ (Medtronic) is a suture loop on a stick that will pas...Figure 15.13 Intraoperative image of a juvenile cockatiel ( Nymphicus holland ...Figure 15.14 Endoscopic view during vasectomy of a male pigeon. (a) left tes...Figure 15.15 Intraoperative view of internal inguinal ring (a).The black...Figure 15.16 Sites for instrument and scope portals (blue dots) for castrati...Figure 15.17 Intraoperative thoracoscopic view of a primary lung tumor (a). ...

16 Chapter 16Figure 16.1 Luxation of the elbow in a rabbit (a). It was successfully reduc...Figure 16.2 A pre‐operative radiograph showing an elbow luxation in a ferret...Figure 16.3 A radiographic image showing a traumatic lateral shoulder luxati...Figure 16.4 A cranial‐caudal view of a proximal tibia fracture in a juvenile...Figure 16.5 Bandaging materials commonly available in most veterinary clinic...Figure 16.6 Craniocaudal (a) and lateral (b) radiographic images of a fractu...Figure 16.7 A modified Schroeder–Thomas splint applied to stabilize an open ...Figure 16.8 Lateral (a) and craniocaudal (b) radiographic images of a chinch...Figure 16.9 A lateral radiographic image of a chinchilla with a distal diaph...Figure 16.10 A 4 hole 1.5 mm locking plate, locking screws, and drill guide ...Figure 16.11 (a) The IMEX 1.0 VetKISS microplating system and (b) cut‐to‐len...Figure 16.12 An IMEX mini SK External skeletal fixator with 1.6 mm half pins...Figure 16.13 A hybrid external skeletal fixator placed on a distal humeral f...Figure 16.14 A pre‐ and postoperative femur fracture in a juvenile raccoon s...Figure 16.15 Lateral radiographic image of a raccoon with a distal Salter–Ha...

17 Chapter 17Figure 17.1 Image of the gastrointestinal track of a rabbit. Approximately 1...Figure 17.2 Ventrodorsal (a) and lateral (b) images of a rabbit with a duode...Figure 17.3 Lateral radiograph of a rabbit with a single cystic calculus (a)...Figure 17.4 Transvesicular percutaneous cystolithotomy for removal of a sing...Figure 17.5 Radiographs of a male (a) and female (b) rabbit with a distal ur...Figure 17.6 The uterus of a rabbit with uterine adenocarcinoma. If it has no...Figure 17.7 The abdominal anatomy of a female rabbit after removal of the bo...Figure 17.8 Intraoperative image of a rabbit ovariohysterectomy. Note the co...Figure 17.9 The junction of the two uterine horns with the vaginal vault (a)...Figure 17.10 The uterine blood vessels (arrows) are located farther from the...Figure 17.11 While male rabbits have a large inguinal canal that allows the ...Figure 17.12 The genital anatomy of a male rabbit. The finger is pushing to ...Figure 17.13 For orchiectomy in a rabbit, the skin incision can be made cran...Figure 17.14 Open orchiectomy in a rabbit. The tunic has been incised and th...Figure 17.15 Closed orchiectomy in a rabbit. The ligament of the tail of the...Figure 17.16 Because the testes move freely into the abdomen, a caudal abdom...Figure 17.17 Lateral radiograph of a rabbit with a thymoma. The mass is disp...Figure 17.18 Intraoperative image of a lateral thoracotomy for a lung lobe a...Figure 17.19 Intraoperative images of a ventral midline thoracotomy in a rab...Figure 17.20 The anatomy of the lungs of a rabbit. (2) right cranial lobe; (...Figure 17.21 Intraoperative image of a rabbit undergoing exenteration for a ...Figure 17.22 Image of an intraocular abscess caused by Pasteurella multocida Figure 17.23 Image of the anatomy of the ear canal of a rabbit.Figure 17.24 Facial nerve palsy in a rabbit with an abscess surrounding the ...Figure 17.25 Image from a CT scan of a rabbit with otitis media on the right...Figure 17.26 Intraoperative image of a rabbit undergoing a ventral bulla ost...Figure 17.27 A partial or subtotal ear canal ablation with lateral bulla ost...Figure 17.28 Rabbits do not have a horizontal ear canal and the tympanum is ...Figure 17.29 Intraoperative image of a rabbit with a maxillary abscess resul...

18 Chapter 18Figure 18.1 The gastric lymph node, normally prominent in ferrets (arrow).Figure 18.2 The appearance of a normal ferret spleen.Figure 18.3 The urethral opening is located ventrally on the terminal curve ...Figure 18.4 Ferrets have little subcutaneous tissue and a wide linea alba as...Figure 18.5 This ferret had a very large left adrenal mass that appeared to ...Figure 18.6 This invasive right adrenal mass is wrapping around dorsal to an...Figure 18.7 Temporary balloon occlusion of the caudal vena cava in ferrets c...Figure 18.8 An insulinoma (arrow) in the right limb of the pancreas of a fer...Figure 18.9 This enlarged spleen in a five‐year‐old ferret was histologicall...Figure 18.10 A vessel‐sealing device being used for splenectomy in a ferret‐...Figure 18.11 Lateral radiograph of a ferret with radiographic evidence of an...Figure 18.12 Ultrasound transverse image of a segment of small intestine in ...Figure 18.13 Single‐layer simple continuous closure of a gastrotomy in a fer...Figure 18.14 Transverse closure of an enterotomy following removal of a fore...Figure 18.15 Ventrodorsal image of a ferret with gastric outflow obstruction...Figure 18.16 (a) A ferret with gastric outflow obstruction caused by a mass ...Figure 18.17 This ferret presented with a zygomatic mucocele following enucl...Figure 18.18 A male ferret with a prostatic cyst filled with green odiferous...Figure 18.19 Lateral abdominal radiograph of a ferret with a cystic calculus...Figure 18.20 A large preputial adenocarcinoma. Resection required wide margi...Figure 18.21 This ferret had a smaller preputial mass removed leaving the gl...Figure 18.22 Because of the strong odor of the anal sac secretions, for diss...Figure 18.23 A ferret with third‐degree heart block having a pacemaker place...

19 Chapter 19Figure 19.1 (A) The epididymal fat (b) is attached to the epididymis and ext...Figure 19.2 Histrichomorph rodents do not have a distinct scrotum and the te...Figure 19.3 (a) When performing an orchidectomy in a murine rodent (mouse), ...Figure 19.4 Bilateral cystic ovaries in a guinea pig.Figure 19.5 When performing an ovariectomy in a rodent (rat) make a skin inc...Figure 19.6 A dorsoventral radiograph of a gravid guinea pig about to farrow...Figure 19.7 Rat mammary fibroadenomas can grow quite large (a). This tumor w...Figure 19.8 Histologically confirmed Zymbal's gland tumor in a rat.Figure 19.9 Lateral and ventrodorsal positive contrast gastrograms of a gast...Figure 19.10 This hamster developed a cheek pouch fistula at the caudal exte...Figure 19.11 (a, b) A radiodense urethral calculus located at the urethral p...Figure 19.12 A male guinea pig presented for dysuria. Radiographs (a, b) sho...Figure 19.13 A yoke used to prevent self‐mutilation in a prairie dog with a ...

20 Chapter 20Figure 20.1 The uterus is bicornuate with a single cervix, but no uterine bo...Figure 20.2 A female African hedgehog ( Atelerix albiventris ) undergoing a mi...Figure 20.3 Hedgehogs have a unique defense mechanism whereby they roll into...Figure 20.4 (a) Ventral midline celiotomy for removal of a granulosa thecal ...Figure 20.5 (a) An enlarged left uterine horn observed at the time of surger...Figure 20.6 (a) Preparation of an adult female African hedgehog (Atelerix al ...Figure 20.7 (a) Left partial maxillectomy for removal of an oral osteosarcom...Figure 20.8 (a) A constricting string held in hemostats causing strangulatio...