Pathy's Principles and Practice of Geriatric Medicine

61 Chapter 95Figure 95.1 Matching the complexity of clinical decision‐making to the decis...Figure 95.2 Nausea and vomiting pathways.Figure 95.3 Comparing the course of chronic disease to cancer. The y‐axis is...

62 Chapter 97Figure 97.1 The pathway from frailty to death.Figure 97.2 The frailty threshold.Figure 97.3 The major causes of frailty.Figure 97.4 The pathogenesis of frailty in congestive heart failure.Figure 97.5 Frailty and diabetes mellitus.Figure 97.6 Frailty and anaemia.Figure 97.7 Schematic view of the biochemistry of sarcopenia.

63 Chapter 98Figure 98.1 The complex interaction between health status, activity, and par...Figure 98.2 Honda’s experimental Walking Assist Device with Body Weight Supp...Figure 98.3 Rocker‐bottom shoe with an insole.Figure 98.4 Two types of lower limb prostheses are shown, with a solid ankle...

64 Chapter 100Figure 100.1 WHO ICOPE care pathways. (a) Cognitive capacity care pathways t...Figure 100.2 WHO ICOPE handbook app.

65 Chapter 101Figure 101.1 The rising prevalence of VHD according to age. Frequency in (a)...Figure 101.2 (a) Transoesophageal echocardiogram (TOE) demonstrating severe ...Figure 101.3 Chest X‐ray demonstrating pulmonary oedema: cardiomegaly, alveo...Figure 101.4 (a) Parasternal long‐axis transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) de...Figure 101.5 Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in aortic stenosis. (a) A na...Figure 101.6 The natural history of aortic stenosis demonstrating a long asy...Figure 101.7 Continuous‐wave Doppler profile in severe aortic stenosis. The ...Figure 101.8 Indications for intervention in patients with severe aortic ste...Figure 101.9 Contemporary transcatheter aortic valve implantation devices: (...Figure 101.10 Selection of an aortic valve management strategy in elderly pa...Figure 101.11 Transthoracic echo views: (a and b) rheumatic mitral stenosis ...Figure 101.12 (a) The Inoue balloon used during percutaneous balloon mitral ...Figure 101.13 Schematic of the carrying aetiologies of mitral regurgitation ...Figure 101.14 Representative echocardiogram images of an elderly patient wit...Figure 101.15 The percutaneous MitraClip device (inset) provides a central t...Figure 101.16 (a) TTE showing vegetations on aortic valve leaflets; (b) TTE ...Figure 101.17 Proposed modifications to the Duke criteria for the diagnosis ...

66 Chapter 106Figure 106.1 Different types of suboptimal prescription.

67 Chapter 108Figure 108.1 Scheme for a generic healthcare‐enabled Smart Home.Figure 108.2 Four‐layer logical architecture for a Smart Home.Figure 108.3 Properties for a Smart Home to be a u‐Home.Figure 108.4 Man‐in‐the‐middle attack.

68 Chapter 110Figure 110.1 Histologic changes in elderly skin (H&E 100× magnification). (a...Figure 110.2 (a) Asteatotic eczema. Note the eczematous dermatitis in a dist...Figure 110.3 Bullous pemphigoid. Note the tense bullae and erosions secondar...

69 Chapter 112Figure 112.1 The 5 Ms framework for care of older adults. In this model, eac...

70 Chapter 113Figure 113.1 Mortality associated with surgery and anaesthesia.Figure 113.2 Revised Cardiac Risk Index.

71 Chapter 115Figure 115.1 Mechanisms investigated as the fundaments of the ageing process...Figure 115.2 Effects and proposed mechanisms of physical exercise on cogniti...

72 Chapter 117Figure 117.1 Participation of older adults in RCTs published in PubMed 1990–...Figure 117.2 Number of RCTs published in PubMed involving the oldest old (ag...Figure 117.3 Number (blue bars) and percentage (orange line) of intervention...Figure 117.4 Primary conditions targeted by the 3520 clinical trials specifi...Figure 117.5 Number of currently recruiting (as of 22/01/2020) trials specif...

73 Chapter 119Figure 119.1 Estimated and forecast world numbers of centenarians from 1990 ...

74 Chapter 120Figure 120.1 Palliative care is most effective for patients and their famili...Figure 120.2 The Serious illness Conversation Guide uses a checklist approac...

75 Chapter 122Figure 122.1 Continuous Quality Improvement Model.

76 Chapter 123Figure 123.1 The audit cycle.

77 Chapter 126Figure 126.1 Person–Environment–Occupation–Performance/Participation (PEOP) ...Figure 126.2 WHO ICF model.Figure 126.3 Continuum of geriatric OT services.Figure 126.4 Geriatric OT services.Figure 126.5 Geriatric OT service settings.Figure 126.6 OT process.Figure 126.7 OT assessment and intervention components.

78 Chapter 128Figure 128.1 Medicare inpatient discharges per beneficiary and outpatient vi...

79 Chapter 130Figure 130.1 Training structure for medicine in the UK.

80 Chapter 134Figure 134.1 The whole spectrum of research on ageing.Figure 134.2 Changes in telomere length with cell divisions.

1 Cover Page

2 Dedication Page To my wife, Caroline, and children and grandchildren, present and future, for their invaluable contributions to my work, my life, and my happiness! Alan J. Sinclair To all my older friends and patients who have taught me geriatrics; to my wife, Pat, and my children, Robert, Susan, and Jacqueline; and to my grandchildren, Amanda, Conor, Katelyn, Nicole, Paige, and John, who are my eternal joy and my hope for the future of eldercare. John E. Morley Geriatric medicine is moving to healthy ageing and prevention. Of course, we will still have to take care of frail and sick older people, but this move will change geriatric medicine in everyday clinical practice more each year. I dedicate this textbook to my family and all those scientists that have inspired us to bring about positive change in the way we manage older people, such as Professor Alan Sinclair and those who continue to excel, as otherwise this textbook would not have been possible. Bruno Vellas To my family. Matteo Cesari To my patients, who taught me the most important lessons on how to age gracefully. Medha Munshi

3 Title Page

4 Copyright Page

5 About the Editors

6 About the Associate Editors

7 List of Contributors

8 Preface to the Fifth Edition

9 Preface to the Sixth Edition

10 Foreword

11 Table of Contents

12 Begin Reading

13 Appendix Function assessment scales

14 Index

15 Wiley End User License Agreement

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