Pathy's Principles and Practice of Geriatric Medicine

66 Chapter 81Table 81.1 Trends in total circulating content of some major hormones with a...Table 81.2 Effects of obesity and positive energy balance on nine hallmarks ...Table 81.3 Effects of testosterone in older men and postmenopausal women.Table 81.4 Lessons from growth hormone studies in older people.Table 81.5 Ghrelin and ageing.

67 Chapter 82Table 82.1 Pituitary cell types, their hormones, and their percentages.Table 82.2 Symptoms of acromegaly in older people with GH secreting tumours.Table 82.3 Symptoms of hypopituitarism in older adults.Table 82.4 Causes of hypopituitarism.Table 82.5 Changes reported in hormones.Table 82.6 Causes of central diabetes insipidus.

68 Chapter 83Table 83.1 Agents that inhibit thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion.Table 83.2 Compounds that affect thyroid hormone transport proteins in serum...Table 83.3 Agents that alter the extrathyroidal metabolism of thyroid hormon...Table 83.4 Drugs that cause false results for thyroid tests in euthyroid peo...Table 83.5 Possible mechanisms of nonthyroidal illness (NTI).Table 83.6 Categories and risk of malignancy of thyroid nodules ultrasound f...

69 Chapter 84Table 84.1 The dose range commonly used in hormone therapy for estradiol and...

70 Chapter 85Table 85.1 Androgen Deficiency in Aging Male (ADAM) questionnaire.Table 85.2 Contraindications for TRT.

71 Chapter 86Table 86.1 Risk factors for diabetes mellitus in older subjects.Table 86.2 Varying presentation of diabetes in older people.Table 86.3 Risk factors for foot ulceration in the elderly.Table 86.4 Benefits of early recognition of cognitive impairment in diabetes...Table 86.5 Benefits of functional assessment: diabetes‐related.Table 86.6 Criteria for targeting patients with type 2 diabetes for comprehe...Table 86.7 Modern aims in managing older people with diabetes.Table 86.8 Care plan for initial management of diabetes in an elderly person...Table 86.9 Key intensive glucose control and other studies with relevance to...Table 86.10 Concerns and deficiencies in diabetes care – institutional facil...Table 86.11 Importance of early detection of diabetes mellitus in care homes...Table A.1 Clinical guidelines and guidance for diabetes care in care homes.

72 Chapter 87Table 87.1 Approved T2DM antiglycaemic therapies.Table 87.2 GLP‐1 agonist and DPP4 inhibitor comparisons.Table 87.3 GLP‐1 agonist comparisons.Table 87.4 Effects of antiglycaemic drugs on hypoglycaemia, weight, and CVD ...Table 87.5 Multifactorial approach to diabetes treatment (ESC 2019 guideline...Table 87.6 Antiglycaemics in development.

73 Chapter 88Table 88.1 Causes of postmenopausal bleeding.Table 88.2 Causes of discharge per vagina.Table 88.3 Health factors that inhibit sexual activity in elderly people.

74 Chapter 89Table 89.1 AUA benign prostatic hyperplasia symptom score.Table 89.2 Table of corresponding Gleason score and ISUP grade.Table 89.3 Groups of D’Amico et al.Table 89.4 Prostate tumour node metastasis (TNM) classification.

75 Chapter 90Table 90.1 Anatomical changes of the ageing bladder.Table 90.2 Bladder receptors and ageing.

76 Chapter 92Table 92.1 Recommendations for cancer screening in older adults.

77 Chapter 93Table 93.1 Summary of oncological emergencies.Table 93.2 Initial antibiotic therapy of neutropenic fever.Table 93.3 Diagnostic criteria of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic...Table 93.4 Main predisposing and precipitating factors of delirium.

78 Chapter 94Table 94.1 TNM stage (%) with age at presentation.Table 94.2 Result of UK breast cancer screening.Table 94.3 Rates of examination and mammography by intervention.

79 Chapter 95Table 95.1 Five leading causes of death: US men and women age 60 and older,... Table 95.2Five most common sites of cancer mortality: US adults, 2009.Table 95.3 Percentage 5+ year survival by cancer site, US adults 1996–2004.Table 95.4 A proposed algorithm for exercise prescription for older adult c...

80 Chapter 96Table 96.1 Measurable dimensions of geriatric assessment with examples of s...

81 Chapter 97Table 97.1 Comparison of three frailty scales.Table 97.2 MEALS‐ON‐WHEELS mnemonic for treatable causes of weight loss.Table 97.3 Selective androgen receptor molecules.Table 97.4 An approach to the management of frailty using the FRAIL screen.

82 Chapter 98Table 98.1 Determinants of activity and participation restrictions.Table 98.2 Steps in the rehabilitation process.Table 98.3 Standardised functional assessment scales for elderly patients.Table 98.4 The four phases of cardiac rehabilitation.Table 98.5 Elements of pulmonary rehabilitation.

83 Chapter 100Table 100.1 WHO ICOPE screening tool.Table 100.2 Approach, assessment and intervention in each intrinsic capacit...

84 Chapter 102Table 102.1 Specific antimicrobial therapy for meningitis.Table 102.2 Recommended dosages of selected antimicrobial agents for centra...Table 102.3 Empirical antimicrobial therapy of bacterial brain abscess.Table 102.4 Antimicrobial therapy of brain abscess.

85 Chapter 104Table 104.1 Hazard ratios (with 95% CI) of dementia according to alcohol co...Table 104.2 Odds (with 95% CI) of incident dementia according to alcohol co...

86 Chapter 106Table 106.1 Example of monitoring criteria for treatment follow‐up.

87 Chapter 107Table 107.1 Sample diseases for which appropriate assessment and remediatio...Table 107.2 Schematic outline of a driving assessment.

88 Chapter 109Table 109.1 Potential biomarkers for frailty, sarcopenia, and intrinsic cap...Table 109.2 Recently terminated or ongoing studies investigating biomarkers...

89 Chapter 113Table 113.1 Mortality associated with surgery and anaesthesia.Table 113.2 ASA grading of physical status.Table 113.3 Predictive factors for postoperative cardiovascular morbidity.Table 113.4 Risk factors for the development of postoperative confusion.Table 113.5 Risk factors for postoperative stroke in the elderly.Table 113.6 Effects of perioperative hypothermia.Table 113.7 Pharmacological analgesic options.Table 113.8 Summary of the anaesthetic management of elderly patients.Table 113.9 Risk factors for the development of perioperative decubitus ulc...

90 Chapter 114Table 114.1 Signs and symptoms of menopause.

91 Chapter 115Table 115.1 Mechanisms proposed to explain the lifespan‐extension effects o...Table 115.2 Cellular processes regulated by FOXOs in response to stress, po...Table 115.3 Ageing effects in different body systems and corresponding oppo...

92 Chapter 118Table 118.1 Effects of immobility.Table 118.2 Negative effects of physical restraints and siderails.

93 Chapter 119Table 119.1 The main studies evaluating cognitive impairment in centenarian...

94 Chapter 120Table 120.1 Palliative care domains.Table 120.2 REMAP physician statements.Table 120.3 Treatment of common aetiologies of nausea and vomiting.

95 Chapter 122Table 122.1 The Minimum Standard: American College of Surgeons (1917).Table 122.2 The Fundamental Standards: The Care Quality Commission.Table 122.3 Nursing home quality measures.Table 122.4 QAPI report example.

96 Chapter 123Table 123.1 The five Ws.

97 Chapter 125Table 125.1 Macro‐level societal/governance characteristics.Table 125.2 Meso‐level organisational structure.Table 125.3 Micro‐level resident characteristics.

98 Chapter 127Table 127.1 Recognition of geriatric medicine in different European countri...Table 127.2 European undergraduate sections of geriatric medicine curriculu...Table 127.3 Minimum geriatric competencies for medical students (US).Table 127.4 Internal medicine and family medicine resident competencies.

99 Chapter 128Table 128.1 Geriatrics emergency department components.Table 128.2 Components of an acute care for the elderly unit.Table 128.3 Requirements for stroke centre certification.

100 Chapter 133Table 133.1 Some data on healthcare in the European Union.