Joao Cabral de Melo Neto - Education by Stone

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Imagine making poems the way an architect designs buildings or an engineer builds bridges. Such was the ambition of João Cabral de Melo Neto. Though a great admirer of the thing-rich poetries of Francis Ponge and of Marianne Moore, what interested him even more, as he remarked in his acceptance speech for the 1992 Neustadt International Prize for Literature, was "the exploration of the materiality of words," the "rigorous construction of (. .) lucid objects of language." His poetry, hard as stone and light as air, is like no other.

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II
— The sugar mill worker
in female form
— Is an empty sack
that stands on two feet.
— The female mill worker
is essentially a sack
— Of sugar without
any sugar inside.
— The sugar mill worker
in female form
— Is a sack that cannot
conserve or contain.
— She’s a sack made
just to be emptied
— Of other sacks made in her
nobody knows how.

16
— The sugar mill worker
in the form of an old man:
— Only by chance
does he get that far.
— The old mill worker
isn’t old by chance:
— He’s a young mill worker
who hurried up his age.
— The sugar mill worker
in the form of an old man:
— Having gotten that far,
he hurries to become a skeleton.
— He hurriedly grows lean
like a mud wall in ruins:
— His flesh is the mud,
his skeleton the frame.

2
— The sugar mill worker
looks like us from a distance:
— Looking closer one sees
what sets him apart.
— The sugar mill worker
up close, to a sharp eye:
— Is in all respects human
but at half the price.
— He is missing nothing
that you and I have,
down to every detail,
like any normal man.
— He’s the same, yet seems
to have been cut out
by the dull scissors
of a third-rate tailor.

7
— The sugar mill worker
looks like flesh and blood:
— Looking closer one sees
just what substance he is.
— The mill worker’s body
when actually touched
— Proves to be different,
of a thinner consistence.
— Its texture is rough
and at the same time slack,
like cheap cotton cloth
or like cotton scraps.
— Like well-worn cloths
torn and tattered
to where, in our language,
cloths become rags.

12
— The sugar mill worker
seems to be of our clay:
— Looking closer one sees
that his clay was grayer.
— The sugar mill worker
is shadowy and dim:
— He never learns to shine
like the sugar mill’s steels.
— He can’t even shine
like the duller copper
of the vats he stirs
in the smaller mills.
— He never even learns
to shine like the hoe handles
he dry polishes daily
with his sandpaper hand.

17
— The sugar mill worker
looks white or black:
— Looking closer one sees
he is actually yellow.
— The sugar mill worker
is always yellow:
— A swollen yellow,
slightly green.
— That yellowish green
without any blue,
which in anyone else
would be called disease.
— A special green,
a kind of greenish gold,
be he black or white,
a color all his own.

3
— The sugar mill worker
when he is sleeping
— Is obviously incapable
of private dreams.
— He’s missing that faraway
look of enchantment
of those who watch films
behind their eyelids.
— Behind his eyelids
there is only a darkness
where surely no dream
is being projected.
— The mill worker sleeps
in an empty cinema
— Where there is no film-dream,
nor even a screen.

8
— The sugar mill worker
when he’s not sleeping
— Looks like seaweed,
as if sleep still drenched him.
— When he’s not sleeping,
he isn’t really awake;
he merely walks
in a shallower sleep.
— He cannot escape
the marasmus that soaks him
and keeps him from rising
to a dry consciousness.
— The sugar mill worker
is never fully awake:
— He still walks in the swamps
of sleep, through their mire.

13
— The sugar mill worker
when he’s at work:
— Everything he works with
feels heavy to him.
— It’s as if his blood,
though thinner than ours,
weighed on his body
like juice when thick.
— Like sugarcane juice which,
after much cooking,
gets thicker and thicker
until it’s molasses.
— The sugar mill worker
has a heavy rhythm:
— Like the final molasses
leaving the final vat.

18
— The sugar mill worker
when not at work
— Continues to feel
that things are quite heavy.
— He is constantly crushed
by his scanty clothing,
and his nonexistent shoes
weigh heavy on his feet.
— His hand weighs heavy
lifting something or nothing,
and it weighs on him whether
it’s moving or still.
— To the sugar mill worker
his very breath is heavy:
— And he even feels the weight
of the ground he walks on.

4
— The sugar mill worker
yellowishly tinges
all that he touches
merely by touching it.
— He’s the converse of the clay
in the bleaching chambers
added to the sugar
to make it turn white.
— The sugar mill worker
bleaches in reverse:
— He penetrates, like the clay,
but turns everything dirty.
— He cleans off the cleanness
and leaves behind a smudge:
— The smudge on his shirt,
on his life, on what he touches.

9
— The sugar mill worker
yellowishly lives
among all that blue
which is always Pernambuco.
— Even against the yellow
of the canefield straw,
his yellow is still yellower,
for it reaches his morale.
— The sugar mill worker
is the quintessential yellow:
— Yellow in his body
and in his state of mind.
— This explains his calm,
which can appear as wisdom:
— But it’s not calmness at all,
it’s nothingness, inertia.

14
— The sugar mill worker
yellowishly exists
even in the colored world
he enters with cane liquor.
— In the beginning the liquor
makes him somewhat rosy
and, forgetting his yellow,
he thinks of heading south.
— In the sugar mill worker
the rose turns to purple:
— Instead of heading south,
he wants to pass away.
— Finally, inevitably,
his yellow life returns
— In the yellow bitterness
of the next day’s hangover.

19
— The sugar mill worker
yellowishly sees
the rose-colored Brazil
he lives in but doesn’t feel.
— For him the river water
is not blue but muddy,
and clouds are burlap-colored,
the grayish brown of sackcloth.
— To the sugar mill worker
the land is never a meadow:
— And each day shows him
the same faded foliage.
— And different is the death
that comes to paint his end:
— Instead of using black,
it dresses up in khaki.

5
— The sugar mill worker
when sick with fever:
— It isn’t yellow fever
but malaria, green.
— If you touch the outside
of his human-looking body:
— It feels as if his furnace
has finally fired up.
— If, however, you touch
this body on the inside:
— You see that, if a furnace,
it has no foundation.
— And if it is a sugar mill,
its fire is cold or dead:
— A mill that doesn’t refine,
that only supplies to others.

10
— The sugar mill worker
when he is dying:
— His yellow begins
to glow from inside.
— He gains a transparency
that suggests anemic crystal:
— Of which candle wax
is the best example.
— He gains the transparency
of a common candle:
— Of the candle they’ve lit
to watch over his last hour.
— The flesh of this candle
is just like his own:
— And the flame wonders why
they don’t light his too.

15
— The sugar mill worker
when carried away, dead:
— He’s one empty coffin
inside another.
— A death of emptiness
is what’s carried inside:
— And since the death is empty,
it has no insides.
— He can’t even be the contents
of the rented coffin:
— Since he is empty,
at most he’ll be the lining.
— The burial of a mill worker
is the burial of a coconut:
— A handful of wrappings
around a hollow core.

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