Derek Offord - Using Russian - A Guide to Contemporary Usage

with irregular forms in genitive plural,

formation, 330–32

296–9

use, 25, 52, 57, 67, 210, 419–20

with irregular forms throughout, 301–2

past tense:

with irregular forms throughout plural,

formation, 325–6

299–301

see also imperfective, perfective, tense,

with locative singular in -´y/-ю´, 11,

patronymics 11, 14, 233–4,

292–3

270

with nominative plural in -á/-я, 11,

pattern 334

14, 24, 294–6

Pelevin 65–8

with plural form only, 91–2

people , translation after numerals 402

with singular form only, 92

perfective:

with two nominative plural forms,

basic function of, 405–6

78–9

definition, xxix

with zero ending in genitive plural,

in future tense, 407

xxxii, 11, 291, 297, 298

in instructions, 209–10, 410

see also animacy,

in past tense, 407

numerals:

indicating completed action, 407

agreement of predicate with subject

verbs requiring perfective infinitive,

containing, 401

409

collective, declension, 314

see also aspect,

collective, use, 400–1

periphrasis xxix, 16, 229

declension of cardinals, 29, 313–4

permission 246

definitions, xxiv, xxviii, xxix

personal names:

inversion of noun and, 401

first names, 11, 14, 230–3

presentation of, 207

see also patronymics, surnames,

use of cardinals, 398–9

phraseology 11, 57, 59, 62, 71

use of cardinals in oblique case, 399

playing cards 379, 405

with animate direct object,

pleonasm 29

399–400

plosives xxix; see also occlusives

prefixes:

obscenities: see vulgar language

adjectival, 264–5, 311, 312

occlusives xxix, 10, 21, 22

definition, xxx

okane xxviii, 10, 21, 22

in nouns, 263–4

Old Church Slavonic:

verbal, 255–63

definition, xxix

prepositional case:

see also Slavonicisms,

definition, xxx

orthography xxix, 71, 254

prepositions governing, 346–50

ought , translation of 157

verbs governing through prepositions,

353

paronyms xxix, 82–7

see also locative,

participles:

prepositions:

definition, xxix

definition, xxx

see also past active participles, past

denominal, xxv, 350

passive participles, present active

governing accusative, 334–7

participles, present passive

governing dative, 343–5

participles,

governing genitive, 337–42

particles, 25, 188, 393–4; see also modal

governing instrumental, 345–6

particles

governing nominative, 333

parting 241

governing prepositional, 346–50

passive voice:

non-standard dialect usage, 24–5

definition, xxix

rendering of English prepositions in

renderings of 15, 415, 419–20; see

Russian, 354–76

also reflexive verbs use in passive

used after verbs, 350–3

sense,

490

General index

present active participles:

refusal 246

formation, 329

regional features, 19–25; see also dialects

use, 47, 49, 52, 57, 59, 62, 67, 72, 419

register:

present passive participles:

academic/scientific style, 15

formation, 330

colloquial language, xxiv, 10–12,

use, 49, 52, 59, 419

32–40, 399

present tense: see imperfective, tense

conjunctions confined to R1 and R3,

prohibition 209–11, 247, 409, 411

421–4

pronouns:

definition, xxx

declension, 305–7

demotic speech, 13–14, 17, 30

definition, xxx

higher register, introductory remarks,

demonstrative, 306

15

interrogative, 307, 392

introductory remarks, 21

negative, 307, 392–3

language of belles-lettres, 17, 62–8

personal, 305

neutral, 14–15, 40–5

position of when object, 427

of journalism and political debate,

possessive, 306, 394–5

16–17, 57–62

prosthetic н- with, xxx, 305

official/business style, 16, 50–7, 251,

reflexive, 306

345, 349

relative, 391–2

passages illustrating, 32–72

pronunciation 7, 10, 20–1, 22–3

see also internet, language of,

proverbs xxx, 199–201

relative clauses 161, 391–2

public notices 209–11

reported speech: see tense

punctuation:

requests 245–7

brackets, 431

colon, 428–9

screen names 18

comma, 56, 70, 429–30

semi-colon: see punctuation

dash, 430–1

shall , translation of 157–8

exclamation mark, 431

short adjectives: see adjectives

full stop, 70, 428

should , translation of 158

in chatroom, 18, 38–9

similes xxxi, 202

miscellaneous, 70, 428–31

slang 8, 18, 28, 29, 30, 40

omission dots, 70, 431

Slavonicisms xxxi, 11, 65, 169

question mark, 428

smileys: see emoticons

quotation marks, 431

soft consonants 253

semi-colon, 428

speed: see measurement

puns 225–7

spelling rules 253–4, 255

Pushkin 63–5

spoken language 8, 9, 17–18, 44

standard language 6, 10, 13, 20–1,

question mark: see punctuation

25–31

quotation marks: see punctuation

stress:

definitions, xxx, xxxi

reassurance 247–8

in adjectives, 308, 443–4

reflexive verbs:

in dialect forms, 23

aspectual pairs with reflexive/

in disyllabic neuter nouns, 440–2

non-reflexive forms, 414

in feminine nouns, 291, 438–40

denoting characteristic action, 414

in feminine nouns with end stress in

denoting reciprocal action, 414

singular and stem stress in plural,

imperative forms, 328

438, 439–40

in impersonal verbs, 415

in feminine nouns with pleophonic

in prohibitions, 211

forms, 440

use in passive sense, 15, 49, 53, 57, 59,

in first-conjugation verbs, 444–5

68, 72, 415

in imperative forms, 327

used intransitively, 414

in imperfective gerunds, 449

with certain verbal prefixes, 256, 257,

in masculine nouns, 434–8

258, 259, 260, 262, 263, 415

in masculine nouns with end stress after

without reflexive meaning, 413–14

initial form, 434–6

491

General index

in masculine nouns with end stress in

temperature: see measurement

oblique cases in plural, 437–8

tense:

in masculine nouns with stem stress in

definitions, xxx, xxxii

singular and end stress in plural, 437

future, 407

in neuter nouns, 290, 291, 440–2

in real conditional sentences, 415–16

in nouns, 433–43

in reported speech, 411

in past active participles, 450

logical future, 412

in past passive participles, 332, 451–2

near future, 412

in past-tense forms, 447–8, 452–3

past, 407

in perfective gerunds, 449

present, 406–7

in present active participles, 449–50

present perfect continuous, 412

in present passive participles, 450–1

terminology 9, 15, 16, 45, 56, 59, 70

in second-conjugation verbs, 445–7,

‘threading’ of cases 15, 53, 68

453

time, expression of 207–8, 334, 336, 337,

in trisyllabic neuter nouns, 441–2

347, 349, 357, 361, 364, 365, 368,

introductory remarks, 433

371, 373, 403–4

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