Derek Offord - Using Russian - A Guide to Contemporary Usage

e.g.

покупa´ть

покупa´вший, who was buying

зaкры´ть

зaкры´вший, who closed

нaчa´ть

нaчa´вший, who began

приня´ть

приня´вший, who received

купи´ть

купи´вший, who bought

вёз(from вeзти´)

вёзший, who was taking (by transport)

нёс(from нeсти´)

нёсший, who was carrying

смёл(from смeсти´)

смётший, who swept off

дости´г(from дости´гнуть)

дости´гший, who achieved

Note 1

У мe´рший, who died , from умeрe´ть(past tense, m form у´мeр).

2

In verbs in - сти´which have a present-/future-tense stem in дor т, the ёin the masculine past-tense form may change to ein the past active participle (e.g.

вe´дший, who was leading , from вeсти´; изобрe´тший, who invented , from изобрeсти´), although stress remains on the same syllable as in the masculine past-tense form (see 9.7.4).

12.4.4.5

Present passive participles

r In first-conjugation verbs stress is on the same syllable as in the first-person-plural form of the indicative from which they are derived (see 9.7.5), e.g.

рaссмa´тривaeм

рaссмa´тривaeмый, being examined

испо´льзуeм

испо´льзуeмый, being used

Note:

the same rule applies to those present active participles in which ёis replaced by о, e.g. вeдо´мый, being led , from вeсти´(1st pers pl вeдём).

In present passive participles derived from second-conjugation verbs stress is normally on the same syllable as in the infinitive. The rule applies also to the many adjectives (some of them negative) that are modelled on present passive participles (although they may be derived from perfective verbs). Examples:

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12.4

Stress in verbs

ви´дeть

ви´димый, visible

люби´ть

люби´мый, beloved , favourite

уязви´ть

уязви´мый, vulnerable

повтори´ть

нeповтори´мый, unrepeatable

проходи´ть

нeпроходи´мый, impenetrable

улови´ть

нeулови´мый, uncatchable

12.4.4.6

Past passive participles

r In past passive participles ending in - aнныйor - янныйthat are derived from verbs with the stressed endings - a´тьor - я´ть, respectively (see

9.7.6 above), stress moves on to the preceding syllable, irrespective of the conjugation to which the verb belongs, e.g.

прочитa´ть

прочи´тaнный, read

взволновa´ть

взволно´вaнный, agitated

нaписa´ть

нaпи´сaнный, written

продa´ть

про´дaнный, sold

прогнa´ть

про´гнaнный, driven (away)

потeря´ть

потe´рянный, lost

Note:

in verbs stressed on the stem in the infinitive (e.g. обду´мaть, to think over , услы´шaть, to hear ) stress remains on the same syllable in the past passive participle, e.g. обду´мaнный, услы´шaнный.

r Stress also moves one syllable nearer to the beginning of the word in past passive participles ending in - тыйthat are derived from verbs with the stressed endings - о´ть, - у´ть(9.7.6), e.g.

проколо´ть

проко´лотый, punctured

упомяну´ть

упомя´нутый, mentioned

Note:

this stress shift does not apply, however, to verbs derived from monosyllabic verbs in - ыть,- ить,- eть, e.g. зaкры´тый, closed , рaзби´тый, broken , одe´тый, dressed , from зaкры´ть, рaзби´ть, одe´ть, respectively.

r In the short feminine, neuter and plural forms of past passive participles in - ённый(e.g. ввeдённый, brought in, introduced ; принeсённый, brought ; смeтённый, swept off ; зaжжённый, lit ; пeрeсeчённый, intersected ; рeшённый, decided ; see 9.7.6) stress shifts to the last syllable, with consequential change of ёto ein the preceding syllable, e.g.

m

f

n

pl

ввeдён

ввeдeнa´

ввeдeно´

ввeдeны´

принeсён

принeсeнa´

принeсeно´

принeсeны´

смeтён

смeтeнa´

смeтeно´

смeтeны´

зaжжён

зaжжeнa´

зaжжeно´

зaжжeны´

пeрeсeчён

пeрeсeчeнa´

пeрeсeчeно´

пeрeсeчeны´

рeшён

рeшeнa´

рeшeно´

рeшeны´

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12

Stress

Note:

in participles ending in unstressed - eнный(e.g. постa´влeнный, put ) stress remains on the same syllable in all forms.

12.4.5

Miscellaneous points

r The negative particle нeattracts the stress before the past tense of the masculine, neuter and plural forms of the verb быть, to be : нe´ был, нe´

было, нe´ были.