Andrew Radford - Linguistics An Introduction [Second Edition]

Location 334

vowel change as 163–4

Logical Form (LF) 5, 246, 330, 339–45, 407

morphological properties in sentence perception 200

logical object 5

morphological variation 233–7

logical subject 5, 374

social contact and 237

logic of conversation 395–7

morphology 140, 165

London 65

phonological processes in 162–5

long vowels 37–8

morphs 152

low as phonological feature 413

motor control 109, 113

low vowels 36, 109–10

movement in syntax 246, 293–306, 340

covert 345, 407

McMahon, A. 232–3

in German 322–3

McNeill, D. 286

overt 345, 407

Malay 224

in sentence comprehension 366

Manner, Maxim of 397

Myhill, J. 237

manner of articulation 29–30, 33

and language change 62–3

Nahuatl 161, 224

Maori 161, 225

narrow transcription 77

Maximal Onset Principle 82

nasal as phonological feature 85, 412

meaning

nasalisation 40–1

in sentence perception 200

nasals 30

meaning inclusion ( see also hyponymy) 172, 178

native speakers as sources of data 1

meaning opposites 175–6

natural classes in phonology 88–9

memory for syntax 366

Navajo 83, 160

merger 257–62, 306, 345, 407

negation 133

constraints on 264

in Child English 104

meronyms 174

in CSE 312, 314–20

meronymy 173–4, 208

in EME 314–20

metalanguage 336–7, 339

negative concord in AAVE 312

Meyerhoff, M. 51

negative operator 297

mid closed vowels 38

Neogrammarians 68

Middle English 231

neurolinguistics 1, 11–14

mid open vowels 38

neutral context in lexical decision task 202

mid vowels 36

new (v. old) information 390

Milroy, J. 51

New York 57

Milroy, L. 51

New Zealand English 66, 71–2, 227, 230

minimal pair 75–6

nodes in tree diagrams 258

minimal responses 15

nominal phrases

modifiers in compounds 148

in Child English 358–61

monophthongisation 64–5

as D-projections 286, 287, 349, 358, 361

Index

429

nominative case 248, 251, 265–6, 356, 360

operator movement 297–302, 304, 306

in AAVE 272

Optimality Theory 90–1

nominative subjects in Child English 355–8

Optional Infinitive (OI) stage 357–8

noun incorporation 161

orthographic representation 84

nouns 129–30

orthography ( see also writing systems) 27

and derivational morphology 144

output representations in child phonology 103–6

in language acquisition 186, 192–6

overextension in children’s word use 192–3, 232

and person 135

overregularisation

in taxonomies 173

lack of in SLI 220

non-concatenative morphology 165

in morphological development 190

non-count nouns 285

non-finite clauses

palatals 31

in Child English 353–61

palato-alveolars 31

non-finite (v. finite) verb forms 251–3

paragrammatism 377, 382–3, 385

in German SLI 384–5

parallel-interactive processing models 199–204

non-rhotic dialects 37–8, 57

parameters 314–24

non-standard dialects 15

in language acquisition 349–54

non-words

parameter setting 350–4

perception of 206–7

parametric variation 314–24

Norfolk 66, 228

paraphasia 214–15, 217–19

Northern Cities Chain Shift 66–7, 68

parser 9, 372–5

Northern English 65, 69

locality and 373–5

Norwich 49, 235

parsing 366

nucleus of syllable 41, 79

partitive interpretation of determiners 284, 303

null constituents (see empty constituents)

part–whole relationship (see meronymy)

null determiners 283–7

passive articulator 31

in Child English 358

passive construction 304–5

null infinitive particle 275

passive participle 137, 146, 148

null operator questions in Child English 352

in German 162

null subject language 320, 351

passive voice 137, 146, 305

null subject parameter 319–20, 349, 352, 353, 361

passivisation 306

null subjects

past participle 136

in Child English 352

past tense morpheme in acquisition 189–90

in Child Italian 353

Patient (see Affected Object)

identification of 320, 352

peak of syllable (see nucleus)

in Japanese 392

pejoration and semantic change 231

in non-finite clauses 353–61

perception of language (see sentence

in wh-questions 353–4

comprehension, speech perception)

number 134

perfect aspect 136, 146, 252, 261

errors in agrammatism 380

perfect auxiliary (v. causative verb) 274–5

errors in SLI 219

perfect participle 136, 148, 152–3

in German 162

object 137

performance (v. competence) 3, 9, 367, 370, 375,

objective case (see also accusative case) 248

388, 408, 409

object language 336–7, 339

performatives 394

obstruents 34, 79

performative verbs 394

Old English 230, 231, 232, 233, 236

perseverations in speech errors 115, 117

Old French 229, 231

person 134

old (v. new) information 390

PF component of a grammar 78, 84, 120

Old Norse 230

pharyngeals 35

omissions in speech errors 115

Philadelphia 64, 237

onsets of syllables 79–82

Phoenician 119

in child language 104

phonemes 75–8, 110

in poetic systems 118

phones 76–7

in speech errors 115

phonetic conditioning of sound change 68

operator expressions 297, 340

phonetic form (PF) 4–5, 407

in German 323

phonetic transcription 27–44

430

Index

phonological component of a grammar (see also

pro 319

PF component of a grammar) 5, 345, 407

in child language 351–2

phonological features 85–90

PRO 276–8, 282–3, 320, 368

phonological perception in children 96, 97, 100–6

in child language 353–4, 361

phonological processes 4–5, 82–5, 86–90, 407

probe recognition tasks 369–70

context-free 99

proclitic 151

context-sensitive 99

progressive aspect 136, 146

in language acquisition 97–106

progressive participle 136, 146

in morphology 162–5

in acquisition 189–90

pronunciation rules as 104

projection 258

selection rules as 104

pronouns 134, 248

phonological production in children 96–8, 100–6

and context 388–400

phonological rules 98–106

as determiners 285–7

phonological variation 47–58

interpretations of 342

phonology 5

personal 134

phonotactic constraints 80–1

relative 253

phrasal affix 150–1

in SLI 219

phrasal stress 42

propositional attitude verbs 174

phrase (v. clause) 254, 257–60

propositions (v. utterances v. sentences) 389

in sentence perception 367

prosodic phenomena 41–4

pitch 42–4

prototypes 181–2, 209–10

place of articulation 31–3

in Wernicke’s aphasia 217

and language change 62

pseudo-cleft sentences 282

and phonological features 86

psycholinguistics 1

plosives 29

Puerto Rican English 55

plural morpheme

push chain 67

in acquisition 188–9

in SLI 220

Quality, Maxim of 396

poetic devices 117–19

quality in vowels 37

polarity items 303

quantificational DPs 330, 339, 341

Polish 83

Quantity, Maxim of 396

politeness 15

quantity in vowels 37

Pollard, C. 246