Т.Ю.Кущ, М.С.ВоловникАнглийский язык для судовых электромехаников. ENGLISH FOR MARINE ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS. 1986

Here on this ship too my budget for maintenance spare parts and lubrication oil is well under control. We removed all the injection vaives after 7,000 hours and had them checked. Three of them had to be replaced, but the rest were put back in. Up till now we have also changed eleven exhaust valves. That’s all after 12,000 hours of operation at about 93% load.

Coming back to the difference between different types of engines, it might be true that you need a more devoted crew to get good performance out of a medium-speed engine. But don’t think that is the problem! With the medium-speed engine you can offer much better working conditions, so most of the time you get the people you want. That’s my experience, anyway.

The fourth class period

25 8

Work in pairs. Use the following suggested topic for discussion. You want a certain person to work with you on board ship. Convince him that ships with automatic control system have all the advantages.

26 2

Translate the following:

the city tram, the City Soviet, the system design, the computer programme, the information processing, institute research, the control process, the process control, power plant, load sharing, alarm conditions, classification societies, start blocking, stationary diesel alternator sets, stop instruction, alternator capacity, control panel switch, programmable digital signal processing.

27 4

Listen to paragraphs 2—4, read sentence by sentence and translate them orally in pauses.

28 5

Respond to the questions. Compare your results with the text.

1. What is the purpose of the automatic control equipment?

2. What are the advantages of the system?

3. What main functions of the automatic control system can you name?

29 2

Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

1. Selection of the ... of diesel alternators is a manual operation.

2. At ... a programmed number of sets will be started and the set which is first to reach frequency will be connected to the ... 3. A special unit in the automatic is available for ... of connection of large loads.

30 4

Using the notes below speak on operations which the automatic control equipment must carry out:

1. full, operation, equipment, carry out, starting, synchronizing, load, sharing, several, diesel alternator, power, demand, increase, disconnect, stop, event, excessive, available. 2. event, fault, set, alternator, automatically, start, connect, main, busbar. 3. black-out, program, number, set, start, first, reach, frequency, connect, busbar. 4. special, unit, available, program-blocking, connection, large, allow, equipment, ensure, always, sufficient, power, load.

31 4

Complete the following sentences according to the text. Compare the results with the text.

1. The only manual operations needed are... 2. The automatic control equipment is designed to meet the requirements made by classification societies on equipment in UER. This implies. . . 3. The automatic control equipment can be connected to the general alarm system on board, provided that. . . 4. A special unit in the automatic is available for programblocking of connection of large loads, thus allowing the automatic equipment to. . .

Give Russian equivalents for the following sentences. Pay attention to the underlined words.

1. We found new routes, the older ones being unsatisfactory. 2. For our purposes we may think of operation principle of the new device as being like one of all the rest. 3. This method is not the one to use. 4. The results were very favourable, especially that of mine. 5. The rates and molecular weights are affected by lowering the temperatures, the former being decreased and the latter increased. 6. Both floating and shore-based storage facilities are needed. The former serve operational needs, while the latter are for long-term storage.

35 3

Read the text, point out the Attributive groups and translate them. Ask each other questions covering the text.

Part III. Synchronizing

As soon as the lower frequency alarm limit has been passed, the synchronizing unit will be switched in and will sense the difference in phase relationship and frequency between the alternator and busbars. On the basis of these parameters, a control signal will be generated and will actuate the speed governor so that the generator will be rapidly brought into synchronism with the busbars. The voltage difference between the alternator and the busbars is detected by a breaker closing unit which will initiate closure of the circuit breaker as soon as the voltage difference tends towards zero at a sufficiently slow rate. If the difference in amplitude is excessively large, closure of the breaker is blocked.

The synchronizing process is supervised so that if it lasts for more than a predetermined period, a synchronizing alarm will be initiated causing the set to be stopped and further starting attempts to be blocked.

36 50

Home exercise. Read the text. Divide it into logical units. Point out in English in written form what main themes are dwelt upon. Then in a few words express the main idea of each passage.

Part IV. Starting Program for Diesel and Turbo Alternators

If the load on the sets in service should exceed a certain percentage of the rated output, a new set must be connected in. That level is normally 80 percent. However, in some systems the levels for starting a new set are detected on the basis of the sum of all the sets then in service, e. g. the total power available. This arrangement allows for better utilization of the sets. In order to avoid starting a new set as a result of the appropriate level being temporarily, e. g. when starting a new consumer with a large starting current demand, the starting instruction is delayed by an adjustable period.

On receipt of automatic starting order, the prelubrication pump will first be started and when its pressure switch delivers a signal to indicate that the oil system is pressurerized, the solenoid of the starting air valve will be energized. The supply of starting air is maintained until the ignition speed has been exceeded or for a predetermined maximum period, normally 5 s. If the engine fails to start, the attempt is repeated, normally twice, at an interval of about 5 s. If all starting attempts have failed, the “starting failure” alarm will be initiated. This alarm will also be initiated if the engine has failed to attain normal speed after a predetermined period, normally 30 s. When the ignition speed has been exceeded preexcitation is initiated by a contact function which persists until the voltage is acknowledged or an alarm is initiated. At this speed a time delay is also initiated for activating certain alarms, e. g. alarms for low voltage, low frequency and low lubricating oil pressure.

The turbo is always started manually since it is never used as a stand-by set and the taking into operation of a turbo is based on the fact that you know that the steam power supply will be sufficient for some time. Furthermore, there are often certain visual checks to be done when starting up a turbo.

37

Home exercise. Check vour reading skills. See ex. 32, Section I, Unit 2.

Part V. Supervision 20

Each set is protected against damage which could occur in the event of deviation from normal values. Such deviations are sensed by means of transmitters in the automatic equipment or on the set. If a fault is detected, an alarm will be initiated but this can be delayed for up to 60 s.

An alarm may initiate tripping, stopping and blocking of the starting procedure on the set concerned. Alarm indications are provided in the control panel, where resetting of the alarm can also take place. The alarms can be either non-critical (NCR) or critical (CR). A critical alarm will stop the engine automatically immediately, since the set is considered to be in danger of sustaining damage. Non-critical alarms cause shutting down in accordance with the ordinary shutting-down program and the starting procedure is blocked.