Т.Ю.Кущ, М.С.ВоловникАнглийский язык для судовых электромехаников. ENGLISH FOR MARINE ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS. 1986

11 2

Read the words. Point out prepositions and adverbs. Give their Russian equivalents:

a) hitherto; b) now; c) since; d) with; e) to; f) already; g) never;

h) after; i) before; j) then; k) recently; 1) in; m) from; n) about;

o) immediately; p) exclusively; q) between; r) under; s) unfortunately; t) apparently; u) against; v) again; w) toward; x) backwards; y) however; z) nevertheless.

12 4

Read the word-combinations and point out prepositional and adverbial ones. Give their Russian equivalents:

a) a view of; b) units with; c) in fact; d) on the other hand; e) vary from; f) tend forwards; g) suitable for; h) have previously given reasons; i) has been generally assumed; j) send for; k) rub against; 1) have only recently been reported; m) have long been known; n) satisfied with; o) rely upon; p) prior to; q) obey a Curie law quite closely; r) are

closely related; s) have never been satisfactorily explained; t) be a success; u) with a glance to; v) be of a certain nature; w) to a great extent; x) over a certain range of flow rates; y) not until later; z) in terms of.

13 4

Give Russian equivalents for the following word-combinations: the established fact, the results achieved are important, the article translated by him, the data obtained are widely used, spoke of the results obtained.

Translate these sentences.

1. Some of the materials found in the earth crust are very important.

2. Some of the materials found are very important. 3. The fibres produced by our shop are of high quality. 4. The fibres produced are of high quality. 5. The methods improved by the workers brought good results.

6. The methods improved brought good results. 7. The phenomenon discovered by Petrov was named “the electric arc”. 8. The phenomenon discovered was of great importance for the development of science.

14 8

of “-ing” forms. 25

14

Read the text and explain the different functions Retell the text in Russian.

15

Home exercise. See ex. 15, Unit 1.

16

Read the text. Write its main points. Dwell on the subject of the text with your fellow-student.

Micro-Electronics — its Effect on Future Ship Operation

Ship operation could change considerably in the future as a result of the increasing introduction of micro-processor controlled machinery and equipment. Working practices, training, bridge and machinery space layouts will alter. Although few problems remain to be solved at the present state of development, as automation increases, the relationship between controls, machinery and ship design will be more closely linked, resulting in the need for a much more integrated approach to ship design.

Over the past five years a comprehensive programme of research and development aimed at introducing micro-electronics into merchant ship operation has been carried out. Initially, the work consisted of a design study for a highly-automated petroleum products tanker together with a preliminary attempt to evaluate micro-processor technology in a range of marine applications.

Following this, further evaluation of micro-electronics technology resulted in the design and construction of an advanced cargo control station for a liquid bulk carrier. This incorporates a wide range of microelectronics hardware systems which will be increasingly used for the surveillance and control of machinery and of cargo operations.

Microcomputers are currently undergoing shipboard trials and there is continuous feedback on their performance and reliability.

A Code of Practice has now been prepared which will form the basis for the installation of future micro-electronics equipment on board merchant ships.

Home exercise. Translate the following:

1) The translated text, the heated metal, the changed metal, the well-equipped laboratory, the discovered phenomenon, the adopted resolution, the predicted results, the transmitted signal.

2) The device tested is ... , the material formed possessed. . . , the liquids mixed were. . . , the discovery mentioned received. . . , the data obtained are. . . , the results predicted proved. . . , the method developed is. . . .

3) 1. The data obtained are in a good conformity with the predicted results. 2. This device was used for amplification of current waves. 3. The electricians improved their work with the help of the new tools. 4. The improved methods of work brought good results. 5. The modern machines received by the plant will help to increase labour productivity. 6. The new modern machines will soon be received by our shop. 7. The Soviet scientists developed the theory of atomic structure of the main minerals.

8. The technology developed by them is under consideration.

18 20

Home exercise. Read the text. Make up a plan and be prepared to retell it.

Adjustable level detectors determine at which busbar load a generator shall start or stop. According to the starting sequence, selected with push-buttons at the front, start and stop orders are distributed to the basic units. These orders are delayed one minute in order to prevent actions by temporary load variations. The delay will be bypassed when a fault occurs on a running set, overload is detected or a controlled load is required.

The unit also determines whether or not the number of connected sets is sufficient to cover the required load under normal conditions. In this case a signal to the units will permit a set with a non-critical fault to be disconnected and stopped. This signal will also permit a requested controlled load to be connected.

The unit provides the heavy load control function. When a controlled load is requested by an external closing contact, a simulated load will be added to the real load and this may result in the starting of a new set. When enough power is available, permission will be given to connect. Eight loads can be controlled, programmable from 20% to 160% of a generator capacity. The connection order is given at 2 s intervals for each 1 pad. After black-out a delay of 30 s will prevent the connection of these loads from interfering with the connection of essential consumers.

At the request of a controlled load a corresponding lamp at the front starts flashing until the load is ordered to be connected and then it changes to steady light. The lamp remains lit and the control output activated until the request contact is opened.

Hometask: Ex. 10, 15, 17, 18.

The third class period

19 4

Listen to the text about operation of internal monitoring of power plant control system. Give it free translation.

A speciality of the system is the internal monitoring feature which indicates abnormal conditions such as interruption, earth fault or malfunction of certain connected devices.

An internal failure will be indicated by the lamp of the unit containing the detection circuits for that particular fault. Further indication is given by light emitting diodes, visible when the front plate is removed.

The basic unit and the additional monitoring unit each have one contact, opening at internal alarm state. Synchronizing/load sharing unit and relay unit are connected to the basic unit in order to affect this contact.

20 4

Fulfil the following:

1. Name the units of the power plant control system (7).

2. Name the maximum number of different electronic boards. Give the reasons of it.

3. Name the functions of the basic unit.

21 5

Record your answers on a tape.

1. What is meant by the “mother board”?

2. What is the marine application of the power plant control system?

3. What is the operation of the central unit?

Listen to the text, dwell on its subject with your fellow-student and then record your dialogue on a tape.