Agnia Grigas - Beyond Crimea

88. Katri Raik, Minu Narva (Tallinn: Petroni Print, 2013).

89. “Narva in Figures 2012,” p. 9.

90. Matt Withers, “‘Narva Is Not Another South Ossetia’ Russia Says,” Baltic Times , 1 October 2008, http://www.baltictimes.com/news/articles/21444/#.U6MkKPmSxZk.

91. Robert Anderson, “Estonia’s Russian Passport Holders Show Little Sign of Being 5th Column,” bneIntellinews, 22 August 2014, http://www.bne.eu/content/estonias-russian-passport-holders-show-little-sign-being-5th-column.

92. Ott Omelas, “Putin’s 21 Year Quest to Be Russian Guardian Began in Estonia,” BloombergBusiness, 13 April 2014, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-04-13/putin-21-year-quest-to-be-guardian-of-russians-began-in-estonia.html.

93. Interview with Ivan Lavrentjev, Tallinn, Estonia, October 2014.

94. Final results of the population and housing census of 2011; Agnia Grigas, “Compatriot Games: Russian-Speaking Minorities in the Baltic States,” World Politics Review , 11 October 2014, http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/14240/compatriot-games-russian-speaking-minorities-in-the-baltic-states.

95. Kristīne Bērziņa, “Latvia: EU Presidency at a Time of Geopolitical Crisis,” in A Region Disunited? Central European Responses to the Russia-Ukraine Crisis , ed. Joerg Forbrig, German Marshall Fund Europe Policy Paper, February 2015, http://www.gmfus.org/file/4250/download.

96. Steven Musch, “Russian Speakers Protest in Riga for Preservation of Their Language,” Euroviews, 13 April 2014, http://www.euroviews.eu/2014/04/13/russian-speakers-protest-in-riga-for-preservation-of-their-language/; Steven Lee Myers, “World Briefing: Europe: Latvia: Students Protest Language Law,” New York Times , 6 February 2004, http://www.nytimes.com/2004/02/06/world/world-briefing-europe-latvia-students-protest-language-law.html.

97. Grigas, The Politics of Energy and Memory , pp. 49–77.

98. Final results of the Population and Housing Census 2011 in Latvia, http://data.csb.gov.lv/pxweb/lv/?rxid=319dd78d-d7bb-4814-bc18-9c81e3357a89.

99. Ibid.

100. Ibid.

101. Ibid.

102. Ludmila Vessel, “Zhiteli Latgalii stabil’no poluchayut rossiyskoye grazhdanstvo,” Grani.lv, 10 January 2013, http://www.grani.lv/latvia/31800-zhiteli-latgalii-stabilno-poluchayut-rossiyskoe-grazhdanstvo.html.

103. Evgeniy Pavlov, “Zhiteli Latgalii perekhodyat granitsu s Rossiyey,” Vesti.lv, 10 December 2009, http://telegraf.vesti.lv/news/zhiteli-latgalii-perehodyat-granicu-s-rossiei.

104. Andrew Higgins, “Latvian Region Has Distinct Identity, and Allure for Russia,” New York Times , 20 May 2015, http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/21/world/europe/latvian-region-has-distinct-identity-and-allure-for-russia.html?_r=0.

105. Jurga Andriejauskaitė, “Latvians Celebrate Referendum Results and Claim They Voted against Foreign Language, Not against Nation,” 15min.lt, 19 February 2012, http://www.15min.lt/en/article/world/latvians-celebrate-referendum-results-and-claim-they-voted-against-foreign-language-not-against-nation-529-197310#ixzz3LQJhHYCw.

106. “Antros valstybinės kalbos Latvijoje nebus,” Delfi, 18 February 2012, http://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/world/antros-valstybines-kalbos-latvijoje-nebus.d?id=55645739; “Latvijoje surinkta pakankamai parašų už referendumą dėl rusų kalbos paskelbimo antrąja valstybine,” Bernardinai.lt, 20 December 2011, http://www.bernardinai.lt/straipsnis/2011-12-20-latvijoje-surinkta-pakankamai-parasu-uz-referenduma-del-rusu-kalbos-paskelbimo-antraja-valstybine/74055.

107. Aleksandr Nosovich, “Russkiye v politicheskom protsesse Latvii: Kruglyi stol v Kaliningrade,” Rubaltic.ru, 5 December 2013, http://www.rubaltic.ru/article/politika-i-obshchestvo/russkie-v-politicheskom-protsesse-latvii-kruglyy-stol-v-kaliningrade05122013/.

108. “Opros: V Krymskom voprose u russkikh Latvii net edinodushiya,” mixnews.lv , 11 April 2014, http://www.mixnews.lv/ru/society/news/2014-04-11/148108.

109. Vitaliy Portnikov, “Russkiye Baltii i ukrainskiy krizis,” svoboda.org, 21 February 2015, http://www.svoboda.org/content/transcript/26852885.html.

110. Kudors interview.

111. Inga Spriņģe, Donata Motuzaite, and Gunita Gailāne, “Spreading Democracy in Latvia, Kremlin Style,” re:baltica, 19 March 2012, http://www.rebaltica.lv/en/investigations/money_from_russia/a/606/spreading_democracy_in_latvia_kremlin_style.html.

112. Vita Petrušauskaitė and Vilana Pilinkaitė Sotirovič, “Rusai Lietuvoje: Etninės grupės raida ir socialinės integracijos iššūkiai 2001-2011 m.,” LSTC, 2012, http://www.ces.lt/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/EtSt_Petru%C5%A1auskait%C4%97_Pilinkait%C4%97-Sotirovi%C4%8D_2012.pdf.

113. “Lithuanian 2011 Population Census in Brief,” 2012, p. 23, http://www1.unece.org/stat/platform/download/attachments/64881183/Lithuanian%202011%20Population%20Census%20in%20Brief%20rev.pdf?version=1&modificationDate=1350633816572&api=v2; Ramonienė, “Miestų gyventojai, gimtąja įvardiję rusų kalbą.”

114. “Lithuanian 2011 Population Census in Brief,” p. 23; Ramonienė, “Miestų gyventojų gimtoji kalba.”

115. Ramonienė, “Miestų gyventojų gimtoji kalba.”

116. Lietuvos Statistikos Departamentas, “Gyventojai pagal tautybę, gimąją kalbą ir tikybą,” 15 March 2013, p. 2, https://osp.stat.gov.lt/documents/10180/217110/Gyv_kalba_tikyba.pdf/1d9dac9a-3d45-4798-93f5-941fed00503f; Ramonienė, “Miestų gyventojai, gimtąja įvardiję rusų kalbą.”

117. Vytenė Stašaitytė, “Mitų griovimas Visagine: ar tai lietuviškasis Krymas?” 23 May 2014, Delfi, http://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/lithuania/mitu-griovimas-visagine-ar-tai-lietuviskasis-krymas.d?id=64856511.

118. Kasčiūnas interview.

119. Tomas Janeliūnas, “Politinė nekrofilija,” IQ, 18 October 2010, http://iq.lt/lietuva/politine-nekrofilija; Steven Lee Myers, “Lithuanian Parliament Removes Country’s President after Casting Votes on Three Charges,” New York Times , 7 April 2004, http://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/07/world/lithuanian-parliament-removes-country-s-president-after-casting-votes-three.html.

120. Pelnēns, The “Humanitarian Dimension” of Russian Foreign Policy , p. 19.

121. Grigas, The Politics of Energy and Memory , pp. 127–73; Nerijus Aleksiejūnas, Didžiųjų ir mažųjų valstybių santykių teorijų taikymas: Lietuvos ir Rusijos santykių analizė (Vilnius: Vilniaus universiteto leidykla, 2003), pp. 30–31.

122. Grigas, The Politics of Energy and Memory , pp. 127–73.

123. Aivars Stranga, “Russia and the Security of the Baltic States: 1991–1996,” in The Baltic States: Search for Security , ed. Atis Lejiņš and Daina Bleiere (Riga: Latvian Institute of International Affairs, 1996), p. 144.

124. Grigas, The Politics of Energy and Memory , pp. 131–32; Kadri Liik, “The ‘Bronze Year’ of Estonia-Russia Relations,” 2007, http://vm.ee/sites/default/files/content-editors/web-static/053/Kadri_Liik.pdf.

125. “Bush Denounces Soviet Domination,” BBC News, 7 May 2005, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4521663.stm.

126. Aleksiejūnas, Didžiųjų ir mažųjų valstybių santykių teorijų taikymas , p. 34; Liik, “The ‘Bronze Year’ of Estonia-Russia Relations.”

127. “Kremlin Denies Soviet ‘Occupation’ of Baltics,” Daily Times , 6 May 2005, http://archives.dailytimes.com.pk/foreign/06-May-2005/kremlin-denies-soviet-occupation-of-baltics.

128. Interview with Nerijus Maliukevičius, Vilnius, Lithuania, October 2014.

129. Pelnēns, The “Humanitarian Dimension” of Russian Foreign Policy .

130. TNS media research cited in Mantas Martišius, “Nori stabdyti Kremliaus melą—reikia drąsos,” 15min.lt, 27 October 2014, http://www.15min.lt/naujiena/ziniosgyvai/komentarai/mantas-martisius-nori-stabdyti-kremliaus-mela-reikia-drasos-500-462599#ixzz3HTl6kIzf.