Agnia Grigas - Beyond Crimea

3. Interview with Darya, Riga, Latvia, October 2014. (Some names have been changed at the interviewees’ request.)

4. Interview with Artyom, Riga, Latvia, October 2014.

5. Interview with Nadia, Riga, Latvia, October 2014.

6. Svetlana Djackova, “Statelessness among Children in Latvia: Current Situation, Challenges and Possible Solutions,” European Network on Statelessness, 29 September 2014, http://www.statelessness.eu/blog/statelessness-among-children-latvia-current-situation-challenges-and-possible-solutions.

7. Interview with Anton, Tallinn, Estonia, October 2014.

8. Interview with Yelena, Tallinn, Estonia, October 2014.

9. Interview with Alisa, Vilnius, Lithuania, October 2014.

10. Interview with Yaroslav, Vilnius, Lithuania, October 2014.

11. Interview with Nataliya, Vilnius, Lithuania, October 2014.

12. Interview with Alyona, Tallinn, Estonia, October 2014.

13. Interview with Lidiya, Kohtla-Järve, Estonia, October 2014.

14. Interview with Raivo Vetik, Tallinn, Estonia, February 2015; Raivo Vetik and Jelena Helemäe, eds., The Russian Second Generation in Tallinn and Kohtla-Järve: The TIES Study in Estonia (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2011), p. 220; Raivo Vetik, ed., Nation-Building in the Context of Post-Communist Transformation and Globalization: The Case of Estonia (New York): Peter Lang, 2012, p. 328.

15. Interview with Laurynas Kasčiūnas, Vilnius, Lithuania, September 2014.

16. “Transcript: Putin Says Russia Will Protect the Rights of Russians Abroad,” Washington Post , 18 March 2014, http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/transcript-putin-says-russia-will-protect-the-rights-of-russians-abroad/2014/03/18/432a1e60-ae99-11e3-a49e-76adc9210f19_story.html.

17. Hugh Ragsdale, ed., Imperial Russian Foreign Policy (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993), p. 36.

18. Jerzy Lukowski, The Partitions of Poland: 1772, 1793, 1795 (London: Addison Wesley Longman, 1999), pp. 1–3.

19. Edward C. Thalen, Russification in the Baltic Provinces and Finland, 1855—1914 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press), 2014.

20. Romual J. Misiunas, “Soviet Occupation,” Encyclopedia Britannica , 4 January 2013, http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/50985/Baltic-states/37263/Soviet-occupation; Raivo Vetik, “The Cultural and Social Makeup of Estonia,” in National Integration and Violent Conflict in Post-Soviet Societies: The Cases of Estonia and Moldova, ed. Pål Kolstø (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield), p. 74.

21. Stéphane Courtois et al., The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repressions (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997), pp. 4, 212, 235–36.

22. Mark Kramer, “NATO, the Baltic States and Russia: A Framework for Sustainable Enlargement,” International Affairs 78, no. 4 (2002): 731–56.

23. “Regions and Territories: Kaliningrad,” BBC News, 22 November 2011, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/6177003.stm; Laura Secorun Palet, “Russia’s Strongest Foothold in Europe: It’s Not the Ukraine,” USA Today , 26 April 2014, http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2014/04/26/ozy-russia-kaliningrad/8194403/; “Russia Stations Iskander Missiles in Kaliningrad: NATO Cries Wolf,” SputnikNews, 28 May 2015, http://sputniknews.com/us/20150528/1022658842.html.

24. Wayne C. Thompson, Nordic, Central, and Southeastern Europe 2014 (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2014), p. 165; Stasys Gudavičius, “Rusijos karinis tranzitas per Lietuvą mažėja,” 9 September 2014, http://vz.lt/article/2014/9/9/rusijos-karinis-tranzitas-per-lietuva-mazeja?pageno=1.

25. Janusz Bugajski, Cold Peace—Russia’s New Imperialism (Westport, CT: Praeger, 2004), p. 129.

26. “The Russian Quest for Warm Water Ports,” GlobalSecurity.org, 9 July 2011, http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/warm-water-port.htm.

27. Agnia Grigas, “The EU’s Unresolved Issue of the Russian Embargo against Lithuania’s Oil Refinery,” EurActiv.com, 31 October 2014, http://www.euractiv.com/sections/energy/eus-unsolved-issue-russian-embargo-against-lithuanias-oil-refinery-309661.

28. Grigas, The Politics of Energy and Memory , p. 45.

29. “Interv’yu Dmitriya Medvedeva telekanalam Rossiya pervomu, NTV,” 31 August 2008, http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/1276.

30. Interview with Andis Kudors, Riga, Latvia, November 2014.

31. Gatis Pelnēns, ed., The “Humanitarian Dimension” of Russian Foreign Policy Toward Georgia, Moldova, Ukraine, and the Baltic States (Riga: Centre for East European Policy Studies, 2009), p. 10.

32. Agnia Grigas, “Legacies, Coercion and Soft Power: Russian Influence in the Baltic States,” Chatham House Briefing Paper, August 2012, pp. 2–3, http://www.chathamhouse.org/publications/papers/view/185321.

33. Grigas, The Politics of Energy and Memory , p. 184.

34. Heather A. Conley and Theodore P Gerber, “Russian Soft Power in the 21st Century: An Examination of Russian Compatriot Policy in Estonia,” A Report of the CSIS Europe Program (New York: Center for Strategic and International Studies, 2011), p. 13.

35. Nils Muižnieks, Latvian-Russian Relations: Dynamics since Latvia’s Accession to the EU (Riga: University of Latvia Academic Press, 2011), pp. 63–64.

36. Embassy of Russia in Estonia, http://rusemb.ee/relations/.

37. “PHC 2011: Over a Quarter of the Population Are Affiliated with a Particular Religion,” Statistics Estonia, 29 April 2013, http://www.stat.ee/65352?parent_id=39113; “Latvia 2012 International Religious Freedom Report,” U.S. State Department, 2012, http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/208544.pdf.

38. “Svyateishiy Patriarkh Kirill prizval Predstoyateley Pomestnykh Tserkvey vozvysit’ golos v zashchitu pravoslavnykh khristian vostoka Ukrainy,” 14 August, 2014, https://mospat.ru/ru/2014/08/14/news106782/.

39. Margarita Kornysheva, “Obrashcheniye Russkoy pravoslavnoy tserkvi: Nyet prichiny, pochemu Estoniya dolzhna delat’ shag, kotoryi grozit oslabit’ nashe gosudarstvo,” Delfi, 22 May 2014, http://rus.delfi.ee/daily/estonia/obraschenie-russkoj-pravoslavnoj-cerkvi-net-prichiny-pochemu-estoniya-dolzhna-delat-shag-kotoryj-grozit-oslabit-nashe-gosudarstvo?id=68728737; Kook Urmet, “Kooseluseaduse vastu on enim Keskerakonna valijad,” Err.ee, 5 August 2014, http://uudised.err.ee/v/eesti/f0062775-161f-43a1-8ae8-3cad644e5af6.

40. Dovydas Pancerovas, “Kremliaus propagandos arsenale—ir tradicinės šeimos vertybės,” lrytas.lt, 14 December 2013, http://www.lrytas.lt/lietuvos-diena/aktualijos/kremliaus-propagandos-arsenale-ir-tradicines-seimos-vertybes.htm.

41. Laurynas Kasčiūnas, “L. Kasčiūnas: ‘Liberalizmas,’ kuris naudingas Rusijai,” Delfi, 10 October 2014, http://www.delfi.lt/news/ringas/lit/l-kasciunas-liberalizmas-kuris-naudingas-rusijai.d?id=66080996.

42. Kasčiūnas interview.

43. Muižnieks, Latvian-Russian Relations , pp. 60–61.

44. “Sustabdžius ‘Ūkio banko’ veiklą, ‘Žalgiris’ situacijos kol kas nekomentuoja,” basketnews.lt, 12 February 2013, http://www.basketnews.lt/news-58987-sustabdzius-ukio-banko-veikla-zalgiris-situacijos-kol-kas-nekomentuoja.html#.VGfDD2cqOKw.

45. Muižnieks, Latvian-Russian Relations , p. 62.

46. Laurynas Kasčiūnas, Marius Laurinavičius, and Vytautas Keršanskas, “Vladimir Putin’s Pyramid of Rule: Who Really Governs Russia?” 5 August 2014, http://en.delfi.lt/central-eastern-europe/vladimir-putins-pyramid-of-rule-who-really-governs-russia.d?id=65432116#ixzz3HHZiRbB0.

47. “‘Lietuvos rytas’ ir ‘Neptūnas’ nežais Vieningoje lygoje, į LKL priimti Mažeikiai,” kauno.diena.lt, http://kauno.diena.lt/naujienos/sportas/krepsinis/lietuvos-rytas-nezais-vieningoje-lygoje-i-lkl-priimti-mazeikiai-641078; “Geography,” VTB United League, http://www.vtb-league.com/en/content/geography.htm.