Marshall Goldman - Petrostate - Putin, Power, and the New Russia

of Sibneft, 15, 104, 123–24, 134

of Yukos, 15, 105, 123, 174

Renova, 229, 230

Revolutions

1905 Russian, 23

1917 Bolshevik, 23, 24–26, 174

RN-Razvitiye, 122

Rockefeller, John D., 19–20, 228

Roketsky, Leonid, 70, 228

Romania, 34, 154

Romashkino, 31, 34, 230

Roosevelt, Franklin D., 76

ROP. See Russian Oil Products

Rosneft

Bogdanchikov and, 114–15, 190–91, 200, 225

breakup and reconsolidation of petroleum industry and, 61, 62f-63f

Conoco and, 84

Gazprom and, 83, 173, 184, 186, 190–91

Loans for Shares and, 62, 64–65, 121–22

at Sakhalin, 72

Sechin and, 191, 195, 228

as state-owned, 3, 15

Vavilov, Northern Oil and, 114, 229

Yukos and, 79, 106, 120–23, 124, 127, 176, 190–91, 217n15, 225, 230

Rosneftegaz (Russian Oil and Gas), 61

Rosoboronexport, 124, 134

Rostekhnology, 193

RosUkrEnergo (RUE), 145–48, 226

Rothschild brothers, 20, 23, 228

Royal Dutch Shell, 28, 44, 71. See also Shell

RUE. See RosUkrEnergo

Ruhrgas (German natural gas company), 83, 167–68, 229, 230

Rusal (aluminum company), 123, 182, 226

Rusia Petroleum, 131

Russia. See also USSR

companies as partners, 202–4

as energy superpower, 3, 7, 10, 14–16, 17–32, 97–98, 170–209

investments abroad, 87–88, 169, 204–6, 224n55

investments in U.S., 87–88, 169, 206

as largest gas producer, 180

as largest petroleum producer, 4t-6t, 11, 15–16, 24, 50, 79, 89, 180

new assertive, 206–9

as oil exporter, 20–21

as oil importer, 39, 49, 53

overcommitment by, 181–84, 187

U.S. investments in, 87–88

U.S. petroleum production v., 4t-6t, 11, 20–22, 29, 32, 35t-37t

as victim of Dutch disease, 12–14

Russian Central Bank, 91, 100, 104–5, 187, 203, 226

Russian Credit Bank, 107

Russian Disease, 12, 190–91

Russian Oil Products (ROP), 28

Russneft, 124, 200, 227

RWE, 156

Rybin, Yevgeny, 108

Saakashvili, Mikhail, 150–51, 228

Sakhalin, 128–33, 162

Gazprom in, 129–33

Japanese in, 26, 72, 128–30, 185

PSAs and, 71–72, 129–33, 174

Sakhalin I, 72, 128, 131

Sakhalin II, 71–72, 129, 130, 135, 163, 185

Sakhalinmorneftegaz, 72

Sale & Company, 28

Samaraneftegaz, 121

Samotlor (oil-producing site), 38, 69, 230

Sarkozy, Nicolas, 173

Saudi Arabia

ARAMCO Consortium and, 21

OPEC and, 46, 88–89

petroleum production and, 11, 13, 35t-37t, 78, 79, 91

reserves of, 139, 180

Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and, 50–54

SBS/AGRO bank, 65, 68, 228

Scaroni, Paolo, 89

Schlumberger, 26, 79

Schroeder, Gerhard, 228

gas and, 82, 136, 157–59

Nord Stream and, 157–59, 176–77, 228

on Putin, 172

Schweizer, Peter, 50–51

Sechin, Igor, 191, 192, 193, 195, 200, 228

SEGP (Turkey-Western Europe pipeline), 155–56, 230

Semenov, A. G., 18

Seven Sisters, 44–46, 136

Severstal, 203, 224n55

shabashniki (private work crews), 67

Shafranik, Yury, 114

Shah Deniz field, 154

Shell

arrangements with, 31

during Bolshevik Revolution, 25, 26

competition with, 97

General Motors and, 202

Rothschild brothers and, 23

in Sakhalin, 128–32, 135, 163, 174, 185

Shiobara, T., 197

Shleifer, Andrei, 56

shock therapy, 107, 226

Shtokman field, 83, 130–31

Shuvalov, Igor, 49, 163, 193, 228

Shvartsman, Oleg, 228

Sibneft, 230

Abramovich and, 104, 112, 123–24, 225, 230

Berezovsky and, 65, 68, 103, 104, 112, 123, 174, 228, 230

Gazprom and, 123, 184, 186, 230

renationalization of, 15, 104, 123–24, 134

Smolensky, Berezovsky and, 65, 68, 228

Sibneftegaz, 142

Sidanko, 65, 68, 69–70, 86

siloviki, 113. See also specific individuals

in business, 192, 193t, 194

children of, 196t, 197

renationalization and control by, 134t

Stabilization Fund, Storchak and, 200–201, 228

Slavneft, 124

Smolensky, Alexander, 65, 67–68, 228

Sobchak, Anatoly, 97, 139, 192, 228

Sochi Winter Olympics, 182

social problems, 198–202

Societa Minerere Italo Belge di Georgia, 26

SODECO, 72

Soiuznefteeexport (Soviet Foreign Trade Organization), 45–46, 68

Solomon Brothers, 84

Soublin, Michel, 111

Southeast Asia

recession in, 75, 77

recovery in, 96

South European Gas Pipeline. See SEGP

South Korea, 12, 162, 163

South Stream (natural gas pipeline), 10, 156, 230

sovereign investment funds, 204–5

Soviet Union. See USSR

Spain, 28

Stabilization Fund

monies in, 187

Storchak, siloviki and, 200–201, 228

Stalin, Joseph, 23, 30

Standard Oil

arrangements with, 28, 31

breakup of, 44

of California (today’s Chevron), 44

concessions and, 25–26

of New Jersey, 25, 44

of New York, 26, 28

Nobel brothers and, 25

Rockefeller and, 19–20, 228

The State Within a State (Albats), 195

steel, 40–41, 203, 224n55

Stepashin, Sergei, 94, 228

Stern, Jonathan, 183

Stillwater Mining, 69, 204, 224n55

stocks, 73–77, 81, 94. See also Loans for Shares

Stolichney (Capital) Bank, 67–68

Storchak, Sergei, 200–201, 203, 228

St. Petersburg Fuel Company, 200

“Strategic Planning and Policy” (King/Cleland), 99

“The Strategic Planning of the Reproduction of the Resource Bases” (Putin), 97–99

Strauss-Kahn, Dominique, 208

strikes, 23

SUAL (aluminum company), 225, 229, 230

Suez Canal, 82, 157

supply and demand, 88–90, 164–65, 180, 182–83, 187–88

Supreme Council of the National Economy (VSNKH), 27

Surgutneftegaz, 61, 65, 124–25, 174, 197, 225

Sutton, Anthony, 27, 29, 213n51

Svartsman, Oleg S., 195

SVR (Foreign Intelligence Service), 195

Sweden, 28, 159–60

Switzerland, 12, 168

Taiwan, 12

tankers, for LNG, 47–48, 82, 138

tariffs

barriers, manufacturing and, 202

on imports of American kerosene, 19

Tatar ASSR (Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic), 34

taxes. See also specific companies

flat income, 79, 96, 151

privatization and, 56–57, 61, 64, 84–85

PSAs and, 174

Tbilisi, Georgia, 20, 149, 154, 161

terrorism, 82, 94

Terzian, Pierre, 184

Texas Company (Texaco, Chevron), 44

Thailand, 75

Thatcher, Margaret, 48, 138, 209

Theede, Steven, 110, 117, 229

Timan Pechora fields, 84

timber exports, 29

Timchenko, Gennady, 229

TNK. See Tyumen Oil

TNK-BP (BP/Tyumen Oil joint venture), 230

Dudley and, 91, 226

formation of, 64, 70–71, 86–87

Gazprom, Kovykta and, 131–32, 162, 185, 229

Putin and, 70, 126–27

Renova and, 230

Yukos and, 122

Togliatti, 202

Togobank, 93

Tolf, Robert, 25

Tomskneft, 121

Tosovsky, Josef, 208

Total (French company)

Kharyaga oil field and, 71, 132–33, 135, 229

Shtokman and, 130–31

trade surplus, 80, 91, 92t

Trans-Balkan Oil Pipeline, 161

Trans-Caucasian petroleum pipeline, 161

transfer pricing, 107–8, 217n15

Transneft, 111, 134, 186

transparency

lack of, 125

reform and, 110–11

Trinidad-Tabago facility, 131–32, 179

trusts, operating, 27–28

Turkey, 168

control of Black Sea, 17, 20

occupation of Baku, 24–25, 27

pipelines and, 149, 153–56, 160–61, 229, 230