Marshall Goldman - Petrostate - Putin, Power, and the New Russia

Japan, 12

conservation in, 79

pipelines in, 162, 163

PSAs with, 72

in Sakhalin, 26, 72, 128–30, 185

Jetts gas stations, 126

John Brown Engineering, 48, 138

Johnson, Alan, 169

Johnson, Simon, 56

Karaganov, Sergei, 163–64, 187

Kaufman, Daniel, 56

Kazakhstan

Cheney, gas pipeline and, 149, 154

pipelines and, 7, 149–50, 153–54, 160–61, 163, 181, 186

Kazmunai, 163

kerosene, 17–19, 21

Kharyaga oil field, 71, 132–33, 135, 229

KhimProm, 193

Khodorkovsky, Mikhail, 227

Lebedev and, 116, 120, 227

Menatep and, 64, 76, 106–9, 227, 230

in Nefteyugansk, 65

Nevzlin and, 228

Petukhov and, 65, 108–9

politics and, 103

purge and, 100, 103, 105–20, 123

Yukos and, 64, 65, 72, 76, 79, 86, 100, 105–20, 123, 135, 227, 230

Khrushchev, Nikita, 41, 142

King, William, 99

Kiriyenko, Sergei, 94, 109, 227

“kiting their checks,” 74

Koch, Roland, 205

Kogalym oil field, 61

Kohl, Helmut, 52, 136, 227

Kolesov, Sergei, 108

Korneyeva, Valentina, 108

Korzhakov, Alexander, 65, 102, 227

Kosachev, Konstantin, 208, 227

Kosciusko-Morizet, Jacques, 111

Kostina, Olga, 108

Kovykta, 131–32, 135, 162, 174, 185, 229

krisha (roof ), 113

Kryshtanovskaia, Olga, 192

Kudrin, Alexei, 96, 192, 201, 227

Kumarin, Vladimir, 200

Kursk nuclear submarine, 103

Kuryer (cooperative), 66

Kuwait, 46

land claims, Russian, 207

Langepaz oil field, 61

Latvia, 49, 153, 159, 166, 168

Layard, Richard, 73, 81

Lebedev, Platon, 115, 116, 117, 120, 227

Lend Lease contracts, 27, 33

Lenin, Nikolai, 12, 174

Lenz, petroleum reserve data and, 87

Libya, 13

Lietuvos Dujos, 168

life expectancy, 198

Lithuania, 49, 153, 159, 166, 168

Litvinenko, Alexander, 208, 227

LNG (liquified natural gas)

spot market for, 139, 165, 179, 181

tankers for, 47–48, 82, 138

to U.S., 4, 7, 132, 179, 206

Loans for Shares, 64–65, 76, 106, 146

Potanin and, 63–65, 68

Rosneft and, 62, 64–65, 121–22

Long Term Capital Management (LTCM), 76–77

Loze, Bernard, 110–11

LTCM. See Long Term Capital Management

Lugar, Richard, 164

Lugovoi, Andrei, 208, 227

Lukashenko, Alexsander, 151, 227

LUKoil, 230

Alekperov and, 61, 65, 85, 125, 197, 225, 230

ConocoPhillips and, 126

Getty Oil filling stations purchased by, 3, 87, 125, 169, 204, 230

in Iraq, 126

in Komi Republic, 128, 219n70

Mobil and, 3, 125

stock, 85, 216n34

Lummus, 27

machinery, 202

MAD. See Mutually Assured Destruction

mafia

banks controlled by, 109

FBI and, 147

Federov and, 141

St. Petersburg, 192–94

Washington, 192, 194

Magna, 204

Maiko oil fields, 22

Makarov, Igor, 104, 146, 147, 177, 227

manufacturing, 12–15, 202

MAR. See Mutually Assured Restraint

Marathon Oil, 227

Marinsky Opera of St. Petersburg, 93

Maritime Provinces of Russian Far East, 198–99

Mattei, Enrico, 45–46, 227

Matvenyeko, Valentina, 196, 208, 227

Media-Most, 102, 103, 226

Medvedev, Alexander, 3, 143, 163, 169, 227

Medvedev, Dmitry, 227

on Baku, 22

as FOP, 192, 193

Gazprom and, 104, 140, 141, 143, 202, 227

as Putin’s nominee for president, 201–2

Menatep (cooperative), 106

Menatep Bank, 230

Khodorkovsky and, 64, 76, 106–9, 227, 230

Yukos and, 106–9, 227

Merkel, Angela, 159, 204

Mexico, 21

Middle East, dependence on, 3, 46–47, 81–82, 126, 136–37, 157

military, Russian, 13, 14, 15, 97, 207

Miller, Alexei, 104, 140–42, 143, 146, 169, 190–91, 200, 227

Miller (company), petroleum reserve data and, 87

“Mineral’no-syr’evye resursy v strategi razvitiia Rossiiskoi ekonomiki,” 97

Ministry of Foreign Trade, 28

Ministry of Fuel and Energy, 61

Ministry of the Chemical Industry, 42

Ministry of the Gas Industry, 2, 3

privatization and, 59–61

production, planning and, 42

Ministry of the Petroleum Industry, 3

industry breakup and, 61, 62f–63f

production, planning and, 42

Misamore, Bruce, 110, 118, 227

Mitsubishi, 72, 128, 130

Mitsui, 72, 128, 130

Mittal, 203

Mobil, 3, 125. See also Exxon-Mobil

Mogilevich, Semion, 148, 228

MOL (Hungarian natural gas utility), 230

Moldova, 49, 150, 152, 153, 168

“moral infrastructure,” 190

Morse, Edward, 89

Moskovy, 17

Most Bank, 226

Mulva, James, 85

Mussolini, Benito, 28, 31

Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD), 15, 178, 207

Mutually Assured Restraint (MAR), 15, 178–80

NABUCCO (pipeline), 161, 230

Hungary, Austria and, 9–10, 155–56

South Stream v., 230

Naftasib, 177

Naftogaz, 146, 152

Napoleon, 40

Naryshkin, Sergei, 192, 193

“national champions”

economic imperialism and, 172–74

Gaddy on, 98–99

Putin and, 15, 98–99, 100t, 101, 104, 105, 124–26, 128, 141, 172–73

nationalization. See also denationalization, of Baku; renationalization

of oil fields, 24–26, 45

third world and, 44

NATO countries

contracts with, 164

Putin on, 208

natural gas, 136–69. See also LNG; specific companies/countries

availability of Russian, 188, 189t

coal as substitute for, 178

controlling flow of, 1–3, 7–9, 15, 48–49, 82, 138, 145, 151–52, 156–58, 186, 205–6

costs of, 8–9

for electricity, 182

Europe’s reliance on, 166t, 167–69

flaring, 42–43, 131–33, 184, 186

intermediaries and, 145–49

MAR and, 178–80

market for petroleum v., 164–65

oil prices v., 164–65, 179

as petroleum byproduct, 183–84, 186

privatization and, 59–61

subsidies, 144, 151

transit fees and export duties on, 151, 159

transportation of, 82

to Western Europe, 2, 15, 48–49, 82, 92, 151–52, 153t, 154–60, 166t, 167–69

natural gas pipelines, 47–48, 82. See also Gazprom natural gas pipelines

Baltic Sea, 156–60, 161, 167

bypass/alternatives, 9, 149–52, 156–60, 181, 186

Caspian Sea, 156, 160–62, 221n73

map of government-proposed Far East, 9f

map of primary Russian, to Europe, 8f

poker game, 152–54

power out of, 136–39

preventing southern route, 154–56

Nazarbayev, Nursultan, 154, 228

Nazi-Soviet Pact, 29, 30

Neft Aktiv, 120

Neftesyndikate, 27–28

Nefteyugansk, 65, 230

NEGF. See North-European Gas Pipeline Company

NEGP (North European Gas Pipeline), 230

Nelson Resources, 204

Nenets Autonomous Region, 84–85, 133, 226

Nenets Oil Company, 133

NEP. See New Economic Policy

nepotism, 16, 158, 196t, 197

Netherlands, 12, 166, 167, 202

Nevzlin, Leonid, 108, 118, 228

New Economic Policy (NEP), 26

newspapers, 102, 141

NFK (Neftyanaia Finansovaia Kompaniia), 65

Nigeria, 13, 181

Niyazov, Saparmurat, 146, 228

Nobel, Ludwig, 19–20, 228

Nobel, Robert, 228

competition for markets and, 18–20

Standard Oil and, 25

Noga, 120, 205–6

nomenclatura, 100, 101, 105

Nord Stream (Russian-German pipeline), 230

Gasunie as partner in, 229

Gazprom and, 157–59, 167, 230

Schroeder and, 157–59, 176–77, 228

Warnig and, 158–59, 229

Norex (Canadian oil development company), 230

NOREX Petroleum of Canada, 69