Marshall Goldman - Petrostate - Putin, Power, and the New Russia

“faces in the snow” incident, 102

Fahd, King (of Saudi Arabia), 51

FBI, investigations by, 147–48

Federal Narcotics Control Service (FNCS), 200, 226

Federov, Boris, 140–41, 226

Feniks, 108

filling stations, 31, 126, 200

Derop, 28

Getty Oil, 3, 87, 125, 169, 204, 230

in United Kingdom, 45

financial crash, of 1998, 14, 60, 73–77, 93–94, 108, 227, 228

banks and, 74–77, 93, 170

GDP and, 74, 76, 107

stocks and, 73–77, 81, 94

Finansgroup Investment Fund, 228

Finland

crude oil from, 45

gas to, 2, 166, 168

petroleum to, 49

Firtash, Dmytro, 146–47, 226

flaring, natural gas, 42–43, 131–33, 184, 186

FNCS. See Federal Narcotics Control Service

FNK (Finansovaia Neftyanaia Kompaniia—Financial Oil Company), 65

FOP (Friends of Putin), 96, 139, 192, 200

double dipping by, 194–98

foreigners. See also specific companies/individuals

attitude towards, 70–71, 83, 127

car manufacturers, 202

concessions for, 26–27, 39, 174

help from, 31–32, 34

investments by, 87–88, 98

opening for, 83–85

return of, 26–29

Foreign Trade Organization (FTO), 68

France

nuclear energy and, 137, 181

pipelines and, 153

reliance on Russian gas, 166–67, 168

Fridman, Mikhail, 226

Alfa Bank and, 64, 66, 226

TNK and, 64, 66–67, 226, 230

Front Uni, 25–26

FSB, 195

Patrushev as head of, 196, 200, 228

Putin as head of, 93

Stepashin as head of, 228

struggles within, 200

FTO. See Foreign Trade Organization

Fursin, Ivan, 147, 226

Gaddy, Clifford, 98–99

Gaidar, Yegor, 50, 52, 53, 226

gas. See natural gas

Gas Exporting Countries’ Forum. See GECF

Gasunie (Dutch pipeline company), 167, 229

Gates, Bill, 59, 115

Gaz (auto plant), 204

Gaz de France, 167

Gazexport, 143

Gazoviki, 132, 184

Gazprom, 2

asset stripping and, 104, 139–41, 143

BP, Trinidad-Tabago facility and, 131–32, 179

Chernomyrdin and, 48, 59–61, 100–101, 104–5, 140, 226

ENI and, 167

E.ON, Gerosgaz and, 222n87

E.ON, Ruhrgas and, 167–68, 229, 230

Exxon-Mobil v., 142

Federov and, 140–41, 226

foreign investments, 205–6, 224n55

gas flow control by, 1–3, 7–9

government ownership of, 2–3

Hermitage Capital Management Fund and, 226

as “holy of holies,” 142–44

ITERA and, 61, 104–5, 141–42, 146–48, 183

Kovykta, TNK-BP and, 131–32, 162, 185, 229

Medvedev, A., and, 3, 143, 163, 169, 227

Medvedev, D., and, 104, 140, 141, 143, 202, 227

Miller and, 104, 140–42, 143, 146, 169, 190–91, 200, 227

Nord Stream and, 157–59, 167, 230

overcommitment and, 181–84

ownership of, 83

as partner, 202–3

Putin and, 83, 100–101, 104–5, 139–44, 190–91

reclaiming, 104–5

Rosneft and, 83, 173, 184, 186, 190–91

Ruhrgas and, 83, 168, 230

in Sakhalin, 129–33

Sibneft and, 123, 184, 186, 230

skyscraper built by, 198

as state unto itself, 185–87

tour/visit to, 1–2

Ukraine, Turkmenistan and, 146–48, 226

Vyakhirev and, 48–49, 60–61, 100–101, 104–5, 140–41, 146, 226, 229

Wintershall and, 157, 167, 230

Yukos and, 120–21

Gazprombank, 142

GazpromExport, 145

Gazprom Konsern, 100

Gazprom natural gas pipelines, 1–4, 7–10, 83, 132, 183–84. See also Blue Stream; Nord Stream; SEGP; South Stream

Baltic Sea bypass and, 156–59

construction cost of, 197

expansion abroad, 152, 153t, 154

Grace on, 132

pipelines in Asia and, 162–63

seeking way around, 149–52

Gazpromneft (formerly Sibneft), 121, 123, 186

GDP (gross domestic product)

China’s, 78, 90

financial crash and, 74, 76, 107

oil production and, 80t

recovery of economy and, 96–97

Russian v. U.S., 56

GECF (Gas Exporting Countries’ Forum),

165, 179, 206, 229

General Electric, 48, 137, 142

General Motors, 202, 204

Georgia

gas supplies to, 49, 168

import embargo, 150

pipelines and, 149–51, 152–54, 161–62

Tbilisi, 20, 149, 154, 161

Gerashchenko, Viktor, 226

purge and, 100, 104–5

Russian Central Bank and, 100, 104–5, 226

Gergiev, Valery, 93

Germany

Derop filling stations in, 28

exports to Nazi, 28–29, 30, 31

gas to, 2, 47, 82, 136–37, 153, 157–60, 166–68

nuclear energy and, 158

Russian kerosene consumption v., 21

Gerosgaz, 222n87

Getty Oil filling stations, 3, 87, 125, 169, 204, 230

Ghana, 44

Goldman Sachs, 75–76

Gololobov, Dmitry, 116, 118

Gonzales, Alberto, 222n9

Gorbachev, Mikhail

1985 perestroika campaign, 52

financial crash and, 93

on reform, 60, 106

Thatcher and, 209

Gorin, Sergei and Olga, 108

Gosbank, 105

Gosplan, 38, 57–58

government securities, 75–76

Grace, John, 39, 71, 197

on energy reserves, 87, 182, 216n48, 217n51

on Gazprom pipeline, 132

grain, 24, 29, 52

Great Britain

electricity, 168

gas to, 167, 168–69

oil exports to, 20

takeover and denationalization of Baku, 25, 27

Greece

gas supply to, 153

pipeline between Bulgaria and, 161–62

Gref, German, 96, 182, 192

Grozneft, 27

Grozny oil fields, 22, 27, 33

Guantanamo, 171

Guinea, 44

Gulf Oil (Chevron), 44

Gunvor (petroleum-selling company), 229

Gupta, Raj Kumar, 110

Gurov, W., 28

Gusinsky, Vladimir, 226

Media-Most and, 102, 103, 226

politics and, 102–4

purge and, 100, 102–4, 105

Gutseriev, Mikhael, 124, 200, 227

Gyurcsany, Ferenc, 155–56, 227

Halliburton, 70, 79

Harvard Management Company, 125

Hayward, Tony, 127, 227

Hermitage Capital Management Fund, 143, 226

Highrock Holding, 147–48

Hitler, Adolf, 33

How Russia Became a Market Economy (Aslund), 73

Hungary

gas pipelines and, 153–56, 168, 227

Gyurcsany and, 155–56, 227

NABUCCO, Austria and, 9–10, 155–56

reliance on Russian gas, 166

IMF. See International Monetary Fund

imperialism, economic, 172–76

imports

embargo on Georgian, 150

exports, currency value and, 12, 14

Russia as oil importer, 39, 49, 53

Russian exports and, 92t

Russian, to U.S., 3–4, 7

incentive systems, 30, 39–43

income, per capita, Russia v. Portugal’s, 96

India, 25, 44

increased demand/consumption in, 78, 90, 173, 180

PSAs with, 72

industrial production, recovery and, 95t, 96–97, 171

inflation, 13, 56, 57, 58, 66, 74, 79

Inkombank, 107

International Energy Agency, 89, 132

International Energy Authority, 79

International Monetary Fund (IMF), 75–76, 207–8

INTERROS, 68–69

Iran, 13, 46, 186

gas reserves of, 139

GECF and, 179

OGEC and, 164, 165

Iraq, 46

LUKoil in, 126

U.S. and, 52, 71, 199, 207, 208–9

Isaikin, Anatoly, 193

Israel, 49

Italy

gas to, 153, 166–67, 168

oil imports, 28

ITERA, 229

Gazprom and, 61, 104–5, 141–42, 146–48, 183

Makarov and, 104, 146, 147, 177, 227

U.S. grant to/raid of, 177, 222n9

Weldon’s daughter and, 177, 229

Ivanov, Sergei, 192, 193, 196

Ivanov, Viktor, 192, 193

Ivan, story about, 67

Ivan the Terrible, 17

Izvestia , 202

Jamestown Foundation, 102