Marshall Goldman - Petrostate - Putin, Power, and the New Russia

Norilsk Nickel, 224n55, 230

Potanin and, 64–65, 68–69, 182, 230

Norsk Hydro of Norway, 133

Nortgaz, 124

Northern Oil, 114, 229

Northern Territories, 84

North-European Gas Pipeline Company (NEGF), 157

North Pole, 207

North Sea

gas from, 47, 82, 137

petroleum from, 51

Norway, 13, 82, 138, 166, 178

Novatek, 105, 133, 167, 183

Novorossiysk, 161

NTV (TV network), 102–3

nuclear energy

for electricity, 180

France and, 137, 180

Germany and, 158

nuclear weapons, 178

OAO Gazprom, 100

Odessa-Brody pipeline, 162

offshore locations, 10, 71, 128–30

OGEC (Organization of Gas Exporting Countries), 164–65, 180, 230

oil fields. See also specific fields

development of, 228

nationalization of, 24–26, 45

oil pipelines

Baku-Tbilisi-Batumi, 20, 26

Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan, 149, 154, 160–61

map of government-proposed Far East, 9f

map of primary Russian, to Europe, 8f

to Murmansk, 111

Nobel, L., and, 19

Trans-Balkan, 161

Trans-Caucasian, 161

Transneft, 111, 134, 186

oil prices. See also price cutting

bargaining power and, 49

cycles in, 88–89

demand and, 90

gas v., 164–65, 179

privatization and, 56, 69, 72

production and, 35t-37t, 49–54, 77, 79–80, 88–89, 171f

recovery of economy and, 96, 170–71

oil production. See also specific countries

auction royalty system for, 23

GDP and, 80t

price cutting, overabundance and limiting, 44

Putin’s presidency and, 99

Russia as largest petroleum producer, 4t-6t, 11, 15–16, 24, 50, 79, 89

U.S. v. Russian, 4t-6t, 11, 20–22, 29, 32, 35t-37t

Okulov, Valery, 103

oligarchs. See also banks; siloviki; specific individuals

politics and, 102–4

privatization and, 58–59, 64, 69

Putin and, 99, 100–116, 117t-119t, 171, 194–98, 200–201

OMV (Austrian utility company), 154, 156, 230

OneksimBank, 65, 68, 230

ONGC Videsh, 72

OPEC. See Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

Orenberg gas processing plant, 60

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

GECF v., 179

OGEC v., 164–65

price cutting and, 46–47, 82, 165

Saudi Arabia and, 46, 88–89

Orsk refinery, 59

ORT (TV network), 65, 103, 123, 225

Ossetia, 149–50

Pakistan, 44

Palashkovsky, S. S., 20

Paris Club, 81

Parker, John, 73, 91

Parsees, 17

Patrushev, Nikolai, 196, 200, 228

Persian Gulf, 82, 137, 157

Persians, 17–18, 19, 25, 28

Peter the Great, 17–18

petroleum. See also oil fields; oil pipelines; oil prices; oil production; wells; specific companies/countries

auction system for selling, 18

availability of Russian, 188, 189t

breakup/privatization of industry, 61, 62f-63f, 83–85

byproduct gas of, 183–84, 186

companies, expansion abroad, 173–74, 175t

decline in production, 56, 71–72

as diplomatic weapon, 43–49

extraction with rags and buckets, 18

franchising system for selling, 18

lower standard of living and per capita consumption of, 21

market for gas v., 164–65

reserve data companies, 87

Russia v. U.S. production, 4t-6t, 11, 20–22, 29, 32, 35t-37t, 46

Saudi Arabian production, 11, 13, 35t-37t, 79, 91

Soviet balance of trade and, 29–31

stagnation, 22–24

petroleum exports. See also specific countries

politics and, 28–29, 31–32

post-1998 recovery and, 73–92

Sutton on, 29, 213n51

Petukhov, Vladimir, 65, 108–9, 228

Philbro Energy Products, 84

Phillips Electronics, 93

Pichugin, Alexei, 108, 115, 117

pipelines. See natural gas pipelines; oil pipelines; specific countries/pipelines

planning, production and innovation, 39–43

Poland, 153, 156, 159, 162, 166

Polar Lights, 84

politicians, for sale, 176–78

politics

economic blockades against China and Cuba, 221n77

energy resources and, 3, 7, 11, 13, 14, 48–49, 84–85, 138, 163–64, 169

oil exports and, 28–29, 31–32

oligarchs and, 102–4

social problems and, 199

pollution, 128, 131, 159, 185, 219n70

Polo, Marco, 17

population, shrinking, 198–99

Portugal, 28, 96, 153

Potanin, Vladimir

banks and, 68–69

Loans for Shares and, 63–65, 68

Norilsk Nickel and, 64–65, 68–69, 182, 230

OneksimBank and, 65, 68, 230

Sidanko and, 65, 68, 69–70

poverty, 96, 199

Prana, 122

price cutting, 20, 23, 32

OPEC and, 46–47, 82, 165

overabundance/limiting oil production and, 44

Seven Sisters and, 45–46

PricewaterhouseCoopers (PWC), 122–23

Primakov, Evgeny, 94, 228

princelings, 196t, 197

privatization

chaos and, 57–59

fight over spoils and, 188, 190–91

gas and, 59–61

incentives and, 53

oil prices and, 56, 69, 72

oligarchs and, 58–59, 64, 69

petroleum industry breakup and, 61, 62f-63f, 83–85

in post-Soviet era, 55–72

renationalization v., 133, 173–74, 176, 184

taxes and, 56–57, 61, 64, 84–85

vouchers and, 58, 60, 106, 107

production. See also oil production

industrial, recovery and, 95t, 96–97, 171

planning, innovation and, 39–43

plan targets and, 30–31, 53

Production Sharing Agreements (PSAs), 71–72, 86

Sakhalin and, 71–72, 129–33, 174

taxes and, 174

Turkmenistan and, 148

productivity, 4, 196

profit and loss, 30, 45

Protek, 200

PSAs. See Production Sharing Agreements

purges, 99, 100–120, 226. See also specific companies/individuals

Putin, Vladimir. See also FOP

at Balkan Energy Cooperative Summit, 49

Berezovsky and, 100–104, 105, 123, 172, 225

Bush and, 208–9

Chechnia and, 94–95, 102, 172

Deripaska and, 124, 226

dissertation by, 97–99

foreign firms and, 85–87

Gazprom and, 83, 100–101, 104–5, 139–44, 190–91

Kudrin and, 192, 201, 227

“national champions” and, 15, 98–99, 100t, 101, 104, 105, 124–26, 128, 141, 172–73

on NATO, 208

oligarchs and, 99, 100–116, 117t-119t, 171, 194–98, 200–201

politics and, 102–4

as president, 15, 99–101, 139

as prime minister, 93–96, 103, 170, 172, 201

purges, 99, 100–120, 226

on Russia’s reliability, 164

Schroeder on, 172

Sobchak and, 97, 139, 192, 228

state of the nation speech, 2006, 142

three envelopes, Yeltsin and, 194

Timchenko, Gunvor and, 229

as Time “Man of the Year,” 171

TNK-BP and, 70, 126–27

too many foreigners, 87

TV networks and, 102

Warnig and, 158–59, 229

on World Trade Organization and IMF, 207–8

PWC. See PricewaterhouseCoopers

Qatar

gas reserves of, 139

GECF and, 179

OGEC and, 164, 165

QM Group, 69

racial tensions, 23

Raiffeisen Bank, 147

Raiffeisen Investment AG, 147

RAO Gazprom, 100

Rapallo Pact, of 1922, 159

Raymond, Lee, 112–13, 228

Reagan, Ronald, 48–51, 82, 137–38, 226

Rebgun, Eduard K., 122

recessions, 75, 77, 180

recovery

of economy, 14–16, 95t, 96–97, 170–71, 203

post-1998, petroleum export and, 73–92

refinery construction, 26, 27

reform

Gorbachev on, 60, 106

transparency and, 110–11

renationalization, 15, 134t, 135

privatization v., 133, 173–74, 176, 184