Marshall Goldman - Petrostate - Putin, Power, and the New Russia

politics and, 102–4

purge and, 100–104, 105

Putin and, 100–104, 105, 123, 172, 225

Sibneft and, 65, 68, 103, 112, 123, 174, 228, 230

Smolensky, Sibneft and, 65, 68, 228

Yeltsin and, 103

Berlin Blockade, of 1948, 137

Biotek, 200

Birol, Fatih, 89

Black Hundreds, 23

black market, 58, 101, 105, 148

Blair, Tony, 70, 126

Blavatnik, Leonard, 225

Access Industries and, 66, 225

Renova and, 230

TNK and, 66–67, 230

Bloomberg, Michael, 115

Blue Stream (Russia-Turkey gas pipeline), 155–56, 229

Bogdanchikov, Sergei, 114–15, 190–91, 200, 225

Bogdanov, Vladimir, 61, 65, 124, 197, 225

bonds, financial crash and, 74–76

Bosnia, 49

Bosporus Strait, Istanbul, 161

BP. See British Petroleum

BP/AMOCO, 70, 86

Bratsvo (“Brotherhood”) pipeline, 138

Brent oil, prices for, 14

Britain. See Great Britain

British-Mexican Petroleum, 28

British Petroleum (BP), 26. See also TNK-BP

Browne and, 91, 127, 226, 227

Haywood and, 227

Kovykta and, 131–32, 135, 162, 174, 184–85, 185, 229

pipelines and, 154–55, 161

Trinidad-Tabago facility, Gazprom and, 131–32, 179

Tyumen Oil and, 226

Browder, Earl, 143, 226

Browder, William, 143, 226

Browne, Lord John, 91, 127, 226, 227

Bruckhard, Bergmann, 168

Buffet, Warren, 115

Bulbov, Aleksandr, 200, 226

Bulgaria

gas to, 10, 153, 154, 156

pipeline between Greece and, 161–62

Bunge, A. A., 20

Burevestnik Yacht Club, 194

Burgas-Alexandroupolis pipeline, 161–62

Bush, George W.

Evans and, 176

G-8 briefing and, 7

Putin and, 208–9

Texas mafia and, 192

Butov, Vladimir, 84–85, 226

Campbell, Robert, 40

Canada

gas to U.S. from, 7, 139, 179

oil sands in, 180

capitalism

communism v., 58, 73

Soviet control and, 27–29, 31, 45

Carey, Sarah, 110

cars

foreign manufacturers, 202

hybrids/flex-fuel, 180–81

Case, Karl, 190

Casey, William, 49–54, 226

Caspian Pipeline Consortium (CPC), 161

Caspian Sea pipeline, 156, 160–62, 221n73

Centragas Holding, 147

Centrica, 168, 169, 224n55

Ceyhan, Turkey, 149, 154, 160–61

Ceylon (Sri Lanka), 44

Chavez, Hugo, 90, 152

Chechnia, 55–56, 94–95, 102, 172, 199

Cheney, Dick, 71, 115

Halliburton and, 70, 79

Kazakhstan, gas pipeline and, 149, 154

Cherkesov, Viktor, 200

Chernogorneft oil fields, 69–70, 86

Chernomyrdin, Viktor, 48, 59–61, 100–101, 104–5, 140, 226

Chevron, 44, 86, 111–12

Chief Oil Committee ( Glavny Nefitanoi Komitet ), 27

China

economic blockades against, 221n77

gas to, 111, 162–63, 169, 186–87

GDP, 78, 90

increased demand/consumption in, 78–79, 90, 173, 180

investments abroad, 181, 205

petroleum to, 49, 111, 115

pipelines to, 111, 162–63

China National Petroleum Corporation, 163

CIA, 15. See also Casey, William

on banks, 109

output predictions by, 39, 43, 49–54, 56

Reagan, Casey and, 49–51, 226

CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States), 152

CITIC group of China, 163

Cleland, David, 99

Clinton, Bill, 192

CMEA. See Council of Mutual Economic Assistance

Cohen, Michael D., 197

Colbert, Jean-Baptiste, 173

Cold War, 15, 80, 180

COMECON. See Council of Mutual Economic Assistance

“The Coming Russian Boom” (Layard/Parker), 73, 81

communism

capitalism v., 58, 73

collectivization and, 29

Communist Party, Zyuganov and, 68, 229

concessions, 23, 49

for foreigners, 26–27, 39, 174

Conoco, 84–85

ConocoPhillips, 85–86

LUKoil and, 126

Theede and, 229

Constantinople, fall of, 17

consumer goods, 66

corn-hog cycle, 88

Council of Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA, COMECON), 44

Council of the People’s Commissars (CPK), 27

CPC. See Caspian Pipeline Consortium

CPK. See Council of the People’s Commissars

credit ratings, 81, 204

Crimean War, 19

Cuba, 14, 44, 221n77

cultural differences, 86–87

currencies

dollar, euro and ruble as world, 208

imports/exports and value of, 12, 14

reserves, 80–81, 91, 187, 203

Dagestan invasion, 94–95, 172

Danchenko, Igor, 99

Dart, Kenneth, 107, 108

debt, post-1998 recovery and, 75–77, 81, 91

de Gaulle, Charles, 99, 173

Degolyer-McNaughton, 87

Delay, Tom, 177, 178, 225

denationalization, of Baku, 25, 27

depressions, 23, 30, 32

Deripaska, Oleg, 226

Gutseriev, Russneft and, 124, 227

investment abroad, 204

Putin and, 124, 226

Rusal and, 181, 226

Deutsche-Russische Naptha Company, 28

Dienes, Leslie, 182

Dresdner Bank, 158–59, 229

drilling technology, 10–11

assistance with, 22, 26, 31, 79–80, 84, 91, 129, 174

planning, production, innovation and, 39–42

Dudley, Robert, 91, 226

Dutch Disease, 12–14, 190

Dutch East Indies, 21

EADS (Airbus parent company), 203

earth warming, 184, 207

Eastern Oil Company, 111

economic challenges, 202

economic crimes, 67, 101, 105

economic imperialism, 172–76

economy. See also balance of trade, Soviet; financial crash, of 1998; incentive systems; privatization; recovery

energy resources and, 11–15, 32, 48–49, 88–89

USSR collapse and, 49–54, 55–57

efficiency, problems with, 21, 39, 40

electricity

British, 168

disruptions in, 150

gas for, 182

nuclear energy for, 181

Embaneft, 27

Emba, oil fields at, 22, 27

embargoes

on Georgian imports, 150

oil, 25–26, 32, 44, 47, 82, 137

price cutting, OPEC and, 46–47, 82

energy reserves. See also specific countries

Grace on, 87, 183, 216n48, 217n51

size of, 90–92

as state secret, 87

energy resources

alternative, 89, 180–81

conservation of, 78–79

development of, 10–11, 21, 22, 24, 71, 181–84, 188

economy and, 11–15, 32, 48–49, 88–89

exploration/discovery of, 18, 34, 38, 79, 90, 127–29

increased demand for, 77–79, 89–90

politics and, 3, 7, 11, 13, 14, 48–49, 84–85, 138, 163–64, 169

energy security, 3, 7

energy superpower, Russia as, 3, 7, 10, 14–16, 17–32, 97–98

early years, 17–18

energy price collapse impact on, 204

unrestrained, 170–209

Eni (Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi), 229

Gazprom and, 167

Mattei and, 45–46, 227

petroleum and, 136

pipelines and, 149, 156

Enron, 116, 147

environmental regulations, 113, 157. See also pollution

E.ON (German gas company), 229

Gazprom, Gerosgaz and, 222n87

Ruhrgas, Gazprom and, 167–68, 229, 230

E Petroleum Handesges oil company, 108

Epsilon Corporate Finance, 203

Estonia, 153, 159, 166

ethanol, 89, 181

Eural Trans Gas, 146–47, 226

Europe. See also Western Europe, gas supply to; specific countries

map of primary Russian gas pipelines to, 8f

reliance on Russian gas, 166t, 167–69

European Commission, 205

Evans, Donald, 176

exports. See also petroleum exports

duties, and transit fees on gas, 151, 159

Russian imports and, 92t

timber, 29

Exxon-Mobil

competition with, 97

Gazprom v., 142

Raymond and, 228

in Sakhalin, 72, 128–29, 131, 135

Yukos and, 86, 112–13, 115, 123