Simon Dixon - Catherine the Great

Ribas, José de 296

Richardson, William 152, 179–80, 183, 190, 198

Riga, Latvia 39, 153

Riger, Justus 81

Rimsky-Korsakov, Ivan 144, 243, 261

Rinaldi, Antonio 45, 104, 147–8, 179, 181, 197, 209, 210, 216, 262, 318, 319

Rogerson, Dr John 265, 266, 267, 281, 290, 315

Romanov dynasty

founded (1613) 62, 164

dynastic pretensions 66

Saltykovs and Naryshkins marry into 14

Rome 6, 254, 258, 261, 279, 306

Ropsha country estate 124, 125, 145, 315

Rosa, Madame 279

Rosicrucians 276, 277, 308

Rossbach, battle of (1757) 105, 184

Rossi, Carlo 97

Rossignol, Antoine 156

Rostokino 273

Rostov 151

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 32, 222

Le devin du village 256

Discourse on the Sciences and the Arts [The First Discourse ] 154

Emile 129

Rowlandson, Thomas 297

Royal Society, London 23–4

Rubens, Peter Paul 193, 304

Rulhière, Claude Carloman de 64

Rumyantsev, Count Nikolay 323

Rumyantsev, Count Peter 154, 197, 203–4, 206, 235, 241, 242, 245, 251, 252, 281, 284, 293, 309, 321

Rumyantseva, Countess Maria 65, 73, 144, 255

Rus 54

Russia

the second emergent power in the Baltic 25

diplomatic alliance with Austria (1726) 35

C journeys to (1744) 37–40

celebrates peace with Sweden (1744) 65

financial problems 75, 121, 129

aftermath of Seven Years’ War 128–9

cultural Westernisation 152, 201

defensive alliance with Prussia (1764) 187, 250

defensive alliance with Denmark (1765) 188

C defends criticism of citizens 201

Black Sea conquests 207

conceived by Diderot as a tabula rasa 227

formal alliance with Austria (1781) 253, 269, 290

Anglo-Russian relations at an all-time low 298

commercial treaty with France (1787) 298

joins anti-French coalition (1798) 301–2

Russian Academy 199, 264, 275, 324, 326

Russian Archive (journal) 329

Russian Court 35

the roots of Russia’s Baroque Court culture 71

in Moscow 10, 43, 46

ceremonials in church 16, 79–80

visits Gostilitsy 45

the Court choir 48, 150, 294

lavish presents to C on her recovery from pleurisy 49

shot through with intrigue 65

‘nocturnalisation’ of Court life 70–71

assemblies 71

dress 71, 72–3, 74

reception days 71–2

gift-giving 73

financial matters 73–5

food 80–81

Baroque survivals in C’s reign 147–8, 205, 299–300

Russian fleet 202, 287, 289, 293

Russian Law Code (1649) 157

Russian Orthodox Church

split in mid-seventeenth century 165

Peter III’s determination to confiscate Church lands 121

C’s coronation 15–16

monastic property 52, 131, 153–4

Potëmkin’s links with the clergy 232

Russian Orthodoxy

C’s first experience of 48

C’s loyalty to 12, 14, 18, 149–52, 273, 312

Peter III’s contempt for Orthodox tradition 12

and C’s coronation 19, 22

C’s acceptance into 51–2, 73

a golden age of Baroque church-building 79

Elizabeth’s piety 79

services and feast days 79–80

C ready to provoke a conflict in its defence 183, 184

the cradle of Orthodoxy 285

Russian Revolution (1905) 331

Russo-Swedish War (1741–43) 35

Russo-Swedish War (1788–90) 290, 291, 293–4

Russo-Swedish War (1808–9) 320

Russo-Turkish War (1768–74) 183, 188, 195–9, 202–4, 206–11, 213, 214, 218, 224, 232, 235, 237, 238, 239, 250

Russo-Turkish War (1787–91) 280, 288–91, 294, 296–303

Ryckwaert, Cornelis 33

Rymnik River 291

Rzhevsky, Aleksey: ‘Birthday Ode’ 22

Sachsen-Coburg, Princess Juliana Henrietta of 313

St Basil’s Cathedral (Cathedral of the Protecting Veil of the Mother of God), Moscow 17

Saint Catherine (yacht) 179

Saint Evstafy (ship) 202

St Martin St Nicholas (Naval) Cathedral, St Petersburg 79

St Petersburg 82, 322

origins 41

geometrically regimented 7

granite embankments 258

as Residenzstadt 41–2

fires (1736 and 1737) 43–4

C’s ceremonial re-entry into 127–8

great flood 257–8

St Petersburg (Dutch vessel) 57

St Petersburg News 57, 69, 77, 78

St Petersburg Public Library 330

St Sophia Cathedral, Tsarskoye Selo 250

Saint-Germain, Treaty of (1679) 25

Saldern, Caspar von 189, 219, 230

Saltykov, Count Nikolay 295, 303, 307

Saltykov, Field Marshal Peter 14, 160, 204, 206, 208, 212, 213

Saltykov, Sergey 87, 92, 178, 190, 197, 328

Saltykov family 14

Salzdahlum, Lower Saxony 29

Samoiedes 174

Sanches, António 49

Santi, Count 56–7, 58, 59, 60

Saratov 227, 236

Sarti, Giuseppe: Te Deum 294

Saxe-Gotha, Duke of 223

Saxe-Gotha, Princess Louise of 220

Saxe-Gotha, Prince William of 34

Schaden, Professor Johann: ‘On the Spirit of the Laws’ 160

Schilling, Dr 113

Schleswig 120

Schlüsselburg fortress, near St Petersburg 12, 124, 308

Schönbrunn, Vienna 191

Schönhausen palace, Berlin 37

Schroeder, Paul 301

Schumacher, Andreas 124–5

Schütze, Johann Christoph 33, 34

Schwedt an der Oder 37

Sechënov, Archbishop Dimitry 14, 19, 123, 151, 160, 166, 171, 176, 178

Secret Chancellery 90

Ségur, Count 272, 274, 283, 287

Seleucco (Pasquini) 79

Seltsa estate 220

Semënovsky Guards 44, 54, 123, 208, 255

Senate, the 9, 14, 95, 121, 133, 175, 190, 230, 271, 324

Senate Building, St Petersburg 97

Senate Palace, Moscow 16

Sennoye 251

Senyavin, Admiral 208

Serafim of Sarov, St 8

Serbia 248

serfdom 129, 154, 163, 172–3, 175, 271, 272, 277, 290, 292, 310, 320

Sevastopol 287, 289

Seven Years’ War (1756–63) 14, 103, 105, 106, 119, 128, 157, 159, 184, 186, 187, 194, 195

Sèvres 262

Shafirov family 111

Shakespeare, William 93

Julius Caesar 310

Shakhovskoy, Yakov 116, 133

Shcherbatov, Prince Mikhail 95–6, 118–19, 143, 333

Shcherbatova, Princess Darya 190, 290

Shcherbatsky, Metropolitan Timofey 7, 14

Shepelëv, Ober-hofmeister 92

Sheremetev, Count Nikolay 288

Sheremetev, Count Peter 5, 60, 117, 127, 139

Sheremetev Palace, St Petersburg 140

Sheremeteva, Countess Anna 177, 178

Sheridan, Richard Brinsley 298

Sheshkovsky, prosecutor 308

Shirley, Henry 173–4

Shishkova, Alexandra 323

Shklov 251

Shubin, Fëdor 305, 312

Shuvalov, General Alexander 90, 92

Shuvalov, Count Andrey 162, 176, 182, 195, 311

Shuvalov, Ivan 91, 94, 95, 97, 109, 113, 115, 168, 193, 307, 314, 315

Shuvalov, Peter 62, 96, 110, 113, 115, 157

Shuvalov family 102, 105, 106, 114, 119

Siberia 256, 292

Siegen, Prince Nassau 293

Sievers, Count Karl 21, 135, 146–7, 220, 234

Sievers, Yakov 93, 140, 229, 240, 273

Silistria 229, 235

Simbirsk 169

Simferopol 287

Simonetti, Giovanni 33

Skavronska, Countess Catherine (née Engelhardt) 255

Skavronsky, Count 255

Skavronsky, Counts 143

Skavronsky family 70

Slavonic-Greek-Latin Academy, Moscow 7

Slizov, Konstantin 3–4, 239

smallpox 23–4

inoculation 188–90, 247–8, 262, 284

Smolensk 240, 278, 281–2

Smolny Cathedral, St Petersburg 79

Smolny Convent 99, 205

Smolny Institute 130, 178, 303

Society for the Education of Young Noblewomen 130

Society for the Translation of Foreign Books 199, 261