Simon Dixon - Catherine the Great

Natalia Alekseyevna, Grand Duchess (previously Princess Wilhelmina of Hesse-Darmstadt) 220, 221–2, 233, 236, 238–9, 244, 245

Nechaev, Innokenty, bishop of Pskov 222, 292

Necker, Jacques: Compte rendu 277

Necker, Suzanne 225

Neëlov, Vasily 210

Nelidinsky, M. 260

Neplyuev, Ivan 7

Nerchinsk 217

Neva River 62, 205, 225, 244, 257–8, 275, 282–3, 305

Nevsky, St Alexander 58, 149, 165, 216, 246, 247, 294

New Chrysomander (Masonic text) 277 ‘New Jerusalem’ Ascension monastery 79

New Maiden Convent, Kiev 284

New Russia 154, 284, 307

New Style (Gregorian) calendar viii Newberry, Thomas 148

Nicholas, St 152

Nicholas I, Tsar 262, 313, 326–8, 329

Nicholas II, Tsar of Russia 8

Nikolay Mikhailovich, Grand Duke 331

Nikolsky Gate, Moscow 7

Nikon, Patriarch 79, 165

Nizhny Novgorod 159, 165, 166, 167, 197, 312

nobility

compulsory state service 118

emancipated from state service 118–19, 121, 133, 271

C’s Charter to the Nobility (1785) 119, 271, 320

flight to their estates during Plague of 1 771 206

Poland’s ‘republic of nobles’ 301

Nollekens, Joseph 298

Northern System 187, 188, 196, 250, 253

Novgorod 166, 246, 273, 275

archbishop of 60

Novikov, Nikolay 199, 200, 210, 276, 277, 292, 308

Novodevichy convent, Moscow 51

Nyslott fort 290

Ochakov 289, 298, 302 1791

crisis 299

Oder River 24

Oka River 159

Old Believers 165, 166, 167, 228, 273

Old Style (Julian) calendar viii Olsufyev, Adam 130–31, 132, 167

Oranienbaum 45, 83–4, 85, 94, 95, 96, 103, 104, 110–11, 112, 122, 123, 124, 127, 145, 179, 210, 216, 296

Damask Room 241

Grüne Salle (Green Room) 111

Order of St Alexander Nevsky 113, 221, 233, 246, 286

Order of St Andrew the First Called 18, 177, 220, 295

Order of St Catherine 16, 118

Order of St George 232, 295

Order of the Knights of Malta 196

Order of the Polish Eagle 57

Orël 288

Orenburg province 66, 228, 230

Orlov, Count Aleksey 20, 122–5, 126, 176, 177, 202, 203, 206, 216–17, 231–2, 311, 315, 319

Orlov, Elizabeth (née Zinovyev) 242

Orlov, Count Fëdor 20, 202, 268

Orlov, Count Grigory 141, 185, 197, 203, 230, 231, 233, 331

relationship with C 6, 13, 112–13, 122, 126, 132–3, 145, 156

reputation for valour 112

a keen amateur astronomer 39, 113, 145

military connections 113

C has an illegitimate son by him (1762) 6, 120

conspiracy to overthrow Peter III 11, 122, 123

Macartney on 145–6

name day 146, 177

the Volga journey 161

public reading of C’s Instruction 171

a noble deputy for St Petersburg 182

smallpox inoculation 189, 190

the Small Hermitage 192

and Moscow plague 208

peace talks at Fokshany 210, 215, 216, 217

C’s urban reconstruction 211

C’s split with him (1772) 20, 215, 216, 218, 233

and Paul’s future wife 220, 221

C praises 238

personality 241, 265

health 242

marries his cousin 242

and Paul’s marriage to Maria Fëdorovna 245

insanity 266

Orlov, Count Ivan 20, 169, 216

Orlov, Count Vladimir 20, 161, 162, 163, 165, 166, 168, 197, 223

Orlov family 16, 113, 123, 125, 126, 133, 140, 145, 156, 168, 215, 216–17, 219, 231

Osterman, Count 268, 302, 311

Ostrovki estate 275

Ottoman Empire 183, 187, 196, 207, 298

Our Lady of Vladimir icon 17

Ovid: Metamorphoses 199

Ozerki estate 249

Pahlen, General Count Peter von der 321

Painter, The (journal) 199

Paisiello, Giovanni 250

I filosofi immaginari 255–6

Pakhrino 170

Palace of Facets, Moscow 4, 8, 16, 20, 21, 52, 164, 171

Pallas, Peter Simon 275, 333

Pamfilov, Father Ioann 277

Panin, Count Nikita 59, 138, 141, 145, 146, 152, 161, 168, 169, 180, 197

a protégé of Bestuzhev 113

ambassador to Sweden 113, 121

Paul’s tutor 12, 113

a confirmed constitutionalist 121, 125

and C’s coup 121–2, 123, 125

imperial council suggestion 133

negotiates an alliance with the Danes 139

affair with Countess Stroganova 143, 177

and C’s radical proposals 172

engagement to Countess Anna Sheremeteva 177, 178

author of submission by Moscow nobility 182

in charge of Russian foreign policy 185

Northern System 187, 196, 250, 253

loss of authority 188

rivalry with the Orlovs 215

reputation for sloth 218

and Saldern 219, 230

and Paul’s potential bride 220, 221

and Vasilchikov 232

and Potëmkin 236, 238

dismissal 253, 254, 255, 266

death 266

Panin, General Peter 169, 197, 236

Paoli, General Pasquale 196

Pargolovo estate 113

Paris 250, 254, 261, 291, 308, 326

Parkinson, John 299, 307, 314, 317, 321

‘Note on Lanskoy’ 267

Pashkevich, Vasily: Fevei 279

Passek, Peter 123, 124, 125, 140, 141, 319

Paton, Richard 334

Patriot Party 301

patronage 14, 121, 261, 310, 331, 334

Paul I, Tsar of Russia 143, 161, 268, 294

birth 91–2

early upbringing 92, 105

question of his paternity 92, 331

appearance 92, 111

health 11, 108, 126, 208, 218

C expected to rule as regent for him 12

debut on the dance floor 111–12

education 12, 113, 152, 197

and C’s coup 123

and C’s coronation 15, 20

visits the reconstructed Winter Palace 136, 137

lifelong delight in French comedies 146

birthday 148, 219, 222

name day 169–70, 268

and the Cathedral of St Isaac 180

smallpox inoculation 190

popularity in Moscow 215

plot to enthrone him 217

resentment of C’s treatment of Peter III 218

improved relations with C 218–19

Saldern’s plan 219

the search for a bride 219–20

marriage to Natalia Alekseyevna 221–2, 233

death of Natalia 244, 245

marriage to Maria Fëdorovna 245–6

Grand Tour 253

in Vienna 254

inadvertently snubs Clérisseau 261

and Freemasonry 276, 308

consequences of Russia joining the anti-French coalition 302

waits impatiently in the wings 306

deeply in debt 308

death of C 315

military ethos 316, 320

the succession 316–17

alienates the elite 320

assassinated 321, 323

Pauzié, Gérémie 19, 111, 116

Pavlovna, Grand Duchess Anna 313

Pavlovna, Grand Duchess Maria (Princess Marie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin) 332

Pavlovna, Grand Duchess Olga 313

Pavlovna, Grand Duchess Yelena 313, 328

Pavlovsk Palace 259–60

Pella Palace 275

Penza 236

Perekusikhina, Maria 268, 274, 322, 327

Pereyaslavl 151

Peter I the Great, Tsar of Russia 13, 35, 40, 62, 83, 93, 115, 139, 184, 234, 255, 314, 322, 330, 335

born on St Isaac’s feast day 179

his play regiments 46

installed as de facto sole ruler 12

and St Petersburg 41, 42, 44, 45

in the Great Northern War 9, 288

Table of Ranks (1722) 15

succession law (1722) 316

crowns his second wife (1724) 5

and the Dormition Cathedral 16

Russian orders of chivalry 18

introduces women to Russian public society 71

reforms 75

‘emancipation’ of the nobility (1762) 118, 271

envisaged comprehensive code 157

death (1725) 43

statue commissioned by C 181, 204, 257

his ‘little boat’ displayed 204

and St Alexander Nevsky 246

single most powerful symbol of Russia’s superhuman potential 257

portraits of 331