Christopher Andrew - The Sword and the Shield

99. vol. 7, app. 1, item 65; k-2, 124. For legal reasons, it is not possible to include the names or other identifying details of the Line X agents contained in Mitrokhin’s notes.

100. vol. 7, app. 1, item 51.

101. vol. 7, ch. 14, item 24; k-2, 120.

102. vol. 7, app. 1, item 70; k-2, 124.

103. vol. 7, ch. 14, item 4.

104. vol. 7, ch. 14, item 16.

105. vol. 7, app. 1, item 64; k-2, 124

106. vol. 7, ch. 14, item 36; k-2, 124.

107. vol. 7, app. 1, item 69; k-2, 124. The engineer DAN is not to be confused with the Tribune journalist with the same codename.

108. vol. 7, ch. 14, item 15; k-2, 124.

109. vol. 7, app. 1, item 96.

110. k-2, 124

111. vol. 7, ch. 14, item 31.

112. Andrew and Gordievsky, KGB, p. 518; West, A Matter of Trust, pp. 115-19.

113. Reports of the Security Commission in June 1965 (Cmnd. 2722) and November 1968 (Cmnd. 3856); Pincher, Too Secret Too Long, pp. 421-3, 463; West, A Matter of Trust, pp. 127-9, 161-2.

114. vol. 7, app. 2, item 64.

115. vol. 7, app. 2, item 31.

116. vol. 7, app. 2, item 14.

117. Andrew and Gordievsky, KGB, pp. 24-6. 118. Philby, My Silent War, p. 17.

119. vol. 6, app. 1, part 37

120. Philby’s original codename had both Russian and German forms, respectively SYNOK and SÖHNCHEN, both meaning “Sonny.”

121. vol. 6, app. 1, part 37

122. Andrew and Gordievsky, KGB, pp. 525-6.

123. See above, chapter 23.

124. Gordievsky, Next Stop Execution, p. 184.

125. Kalugin, Spymaster, p. 131.

1. Andrew and Gordievsky, KGB, pp. 24-6. Knightley, Philby; pp. 234-7.

2. Izvestia (October 1, 1971).

3. See above, chapter 7.

4. SIS officers stationed in Beirut since Philby’s defection in 1963 had been identified by the bugging of the British embassy and SIS station in operation RUBIN; vol. 7, ch. 5, para. 38.

5. Izvestia (October 1, 1971). Robert G. Kaiser, “Soviets Name 7 Britons as Mideast Spies,” Washington Post (October 2, 1971).

6. vol. 7, ch. 5, para. 29. Al Zaman editorial (May 8, 1972).

7. BBC, Summary of World Broadcasts, ME/3823/i (October 27, 1971). Al Zaman editorial (May 8, 1972).

8. vol. 7, ch. 5, para. 36.

9. vol. 7, ch. 5, para. 29.

10. L’Orient-Le Jour (Beirut) (May 13, 1972); The Times (April 7, 1973). When later questioned by Knightley about the KGB’s renewed contact with him in the early 1970s, Philby was “a little vague” (Knightley, Philby, p. 237). Philby could scarcely have forgotten the long interview in Izvestia on October 1, 1971, which marked his partial return to favor, but plainly preferred not to talk about it.

11. Kalugin, Spymaster, pp. 133-41. Andrew and Gordievsky, KGB, pp. 544-5.

12. vol. 7, app. 2, item 82.

13. Brook-Shepherd, The Storm Birds, p. 199; West, A Matter of Trust, pp. 171-2.

14. Andrew and Gordievsky, KGB, pp. 525-6.

15. vol. 7, ch. 6.

16. Andrew and Gordievsky, KGB, p. 526.

17. vol. 7, ch. 6, para. 9. Mitrokhin’s notes do not record the date at which the bugging of the trade delegation was discovered. In 1989, however, the Soviets publicized their discovery of the bugs some years earlier. Christopher Andrew, Simon O’Dwyer Russell and Robert Porter, “Battle of the Bugs on the Wall,” Sunday Telegraph (June 4, 1989).

18. Andrew and Gordievsky, KGB, p. 514.

19. vol. 7, app. 2, item 7. KGB agents in the London embassy on January 15, 1973 were Ivan I. Ippolitov (minister-counselor), Ralf Bernkhardovich Mikenberg (second secretary), V. I. Solovev (third secretary), Andreï Sergeyevich Parastayev (first secretary), Grigori Petrovich Dremlyuga (aide to naval attaché), Andrei Filippovich Pekhterev (senior assistant military attaché), Nikolai Nikolayevich Pleshakov (interpreter), I. A. Bardeyev, (assistant naval attaché), A. A. Abramov (attaché), I. M. Klimanov, Dmitri Alekhin (duty office keeper), Leonid A. Moskvin (third secretary), Vasili A. Tolstoy (duty office keeper), Viktor Mikhailovich Gribanov (trade attaché), Vladimir Petrovich Molotkov, Stanislav Pokrovsky, Lev. A. Konev, Viktor Mikhailovich Ivanov (trade representative) and Tamara Tikhonovna Nikulina.

20. vol. 7, ch. 3, para. 12; vol. 7, ch. 3, paras. 6-7.

21. vol. 7, app. 3; k-27, 453.

22. k-4, 154.

23. vol. 7, ch. 14, item 16.

24. vol. 7, ch. 14, item 17.

25. k-2, 124.

26. See above, chapter 24.

27. vol. 7, ch. 14, item 4.

28. vol. 7, ch. 3.

29. vol. 7, app. 3, n. 8. It does not follow that the KGB succeeded in sending agents or trusted contacts to all these colleges.

30. vol. 7, app. 2, item 77. Because of his difficulty in combining a career as a distinguished research scientist with work as an operational intelligence officer, Lednev was later allowed to leave the KGB, though he was no doubt expected to retain an association with it. According to KGB files, in 1981 he was deputy director of the Institute of Biological Physics in the city of Pushchino. vol. 6, app. 2, part 5.

31. vol. 7, app. 2, item 4. In 1979 Lopatin was succeeded as head of Directorate T by Leonid Sergeyevich Zaitsev, who had also begun specializing in ST while at the London residency in the 1960s. vol. 3, pakapp. 3, items 294-5; Andrew and Gordievsky, KGB, p. 622.

32. k-2, 124. vol. 7, app. 1, item 66.

33. COOPER, who worked in the new products department of a pharmaceutical company; a virologist; a research scientist in a pharmaceutical company; and an engineer at a British nuclear reactor. vol. 7, ch. 14, item 31; k-2, 124; vol. 7, app. 1, item 96.

34. Meetings between STARIK and his controller took place in Paris, those with DAN in Western Europe. In 1975-6 contact with HUNT was maintained by an agent of the Paris residency. Other cases were run by the Copenhagen and Helsinki residencies (k-2, 124; vol. 6, app. 1, part 39; vol. 7, app. 1, items 65, 68).

35. vol. 7, ch. 14, item 12.

36. John Steele, “25 years for the Spy Who Stayed in the Cold,” Daily Telegraph (November 18, 1993).

37. Report of the Security Commission (Cm 2930) (July 1995), chs. 2-4.

38. vol. 7, ch. 14, item 12.

39. On the information about Smith passed by MI5 to EMI in 1978, see “Phone Call that Trapped a Spy,” Independent (November 19, 1993).

40. vol. 7, ch. 14, item 12.

41. The Security Commission later concluded that Smith had held on to some of the classified documents he had obtained at Thorn-EMI and given them to the KGB some time after he lost his security access in 1978. One or more of the payments recorded in his file may thus refer to a period after his loss of access. Since Mitrokhin’s notes end in 1984, the details of KGB payments to Smith cannot refer to his later years as a Soviet agent.

42. “‘Boring’ Idealist Who Spied for Russia Gets 25 Years,” The Times (November 19, 1993).

43. Report of the Security Commission (Cm 2930) (July 1995), pp. 8-9. “Dear Maggie, Please Let Me Spy for the KGB!,” Daily Mirror (September 21, 1993). Laurence Donegan and Richard Norton-Taylor, “Spy Who Slipped Through the Net,” Guardian (November 19, 1993).

44. See below, chapter 25.

45. Britain ranked fourth in ST collection.

46. Klöckner INA Industrial Plants Ltd was a British-based subsidiary of the West German firm Klöckner Co., Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien.