Christopher Andrew - The Sword and the Shield

18. Driberg, Ruling Passions, pp. 228-9.

19. Wheen, Tom Driberg, p. 309.

20. Vassall, Vassall; Andrew and Gordievsky, KGB, pp. 442-4. Andropov considered Vassall one of the KGB’s most valuable agents.

21. Driberg, Ruling Passions, p. 235.

22. vol. 7, ch. 14, item 3. Mitrokhin’s notes on Driberg’s file record that he was “recruited in Moscow… chiefly on the basis of compromising material which recorded his homosexual relations with an agent,” but give no further details of the “compromising material.”

23. vol. 7, ch. 14, item 3.

24. Watkins’s comments are quoted in Wheen, Tom Driberg, p. 328.

25. vol. 7, ch. 14, item 3.

26. Wheen, Tom Driberg, pp. 292-315. Francis Wheen’s very readable and entertaining biography of Driberg dismisses all suggestion that his book on Burgess was influenced in any way by the KGB. Though shocked by the “stench” from the “acrid piss” of stories planted in the press by MI5 and MI6 ( Tom Driberg, p. 317), Mr. Wheen failed to detect any unwholesome aroma emitting from the vast array of KGB active measures. Despite the SCD’s addiction to compromise operations, it also does not occur to him that the KGB might have exploited Driberg’s sexual adventures in Moscow lavatories.

27. Driberg, Ruling Passions, p. 229.

28. Driberg, Guy Burgess.

29. According to Mitrokhin’s summary of Driberg’s KGB file, he was used for “the publication of KGB themes in the British press,” and “sent to the United States and other Western countries with a [KGB] brief”; vol. 7, ch. 14, item 3.

30. Wheen, Tom Driberg, p. 337.

31. Ziegler, Wilson, p. 313.

32. Wheen, Tom Driberg, pp. 353-4.

33. vol. 7, ch. 14, item 3.

34. Wheen, Tom Driberg, pp. 362-8, 400.

35. Ziegler, Wilson, p. 313.

36. Frolik also identified three other Labor MPs whom he claimed had been in the pay of the StB: Will Owen, John Stonehouse and agent GUSTAV (not so far reliably identified); Andrew and Gordievsky, KGB, pp. 523-4.

37. vol. 7, ch. 14, item 2.

38. Fletcher, £ 60 a Second on Defence, pp. 132-3.

39. vol. 7, ch. 14, item 2.

40. Fletcher claimed that MI5 had shown his wife intercepted letters in 1969 showing that he had had an affair during a visit to Hungary. Dorril and Ramsay, Smear, p. 197.

41. Dick Crossmann was less impressed, telling his diary that Wilson had done “a magnificent job of blowing out his information” in order to pose as a Soviet expert. Ziegler, Wilson, pp. 89-94.

42. vol. 7, ch. 14, item 18.

43. Ziegler, Wilson, p. 91.

44. vol. 7, ch. 14, item 18.

45. Ziegler, Wilson, p. 94.

46. vol. 7, ch. 14, item 18.

47. Wise, Molehunt, pp. 97-9. Mangold, Cold Warrior, pp. 95-7.

48. Wright, Spycatcher. Wright later disowned most of his own conspiracy theory and said in a Panorama interview that there had been only one serious plotter (BBC1, October 13, 1988).

49. vol. 7, ch. 16, item 15. In view of the connection of the future Labor leader, Michael Foot, with Tribune and the allegations made against him by the Sunday Times in 1995, for which he received libel damages, it seems appropriate to add that Mitrokhin’s notes contain no reference to him.

50. Crankshaw, Putting up with the Russians, 1947-1984, p. xi.

51. Crankshaw, Russia by Daylight, p. 12.

52. Dictionary of National Biography, 1981-1985, p. 101.

53. vol. 7, ch. 14, item 42.

54. Crankshaw, Putting up with the Russians, p. 13.

55. vol. 7, ch. 14, item 42.

56. Crankshaw, Putting up with the Russians, p. 81.

57. vol. 7, ch. 14, item 42.

58. vol. 7, ch. 16, item 17.

59. Barron, KGB, pp. 343-5.

60. vol. 7, ch. 16, item 17. The KGB file on operation PROBA disproves suggestions that Courtney was the victim of a plot by MI5 rather than the KGB. Dorril and Ramsay, Smear, p. 107.

61. vol. 7, ch. 14, item 13. There is no record in Mitrokhin’s notes of any major hemorrhage of information by any seduced member of the British embassy staff after Vassall.

62. See above, chapters 10 and 12.

63. Samolis (ed.), Veterany Vneshnei Razvedki Rossii, pp. 103-5. Though the main features of Molody’s career as illegal resident in London, much of which came out at his trial in 1961, are already known, the files noted by Mitrokhin add some important details.

64. vol. 8, ch. 8. SVYASHCHENNIK had previously been used to “check” Hambleton before his recruitment by the KGB; vol. 8, app. 1.

65. vol. 8, ch. 8.

66. Granatstein and Stafford, Spy Wars, p. 119.

67. vol. 6, ch. 5, part 3.

68. k-11, 19.

69. Microdot letter found in BEN’s possession after his arrest in 1961. Bulloch and Miller, Spy Ring, ch. 11; West, The Illegals, pp. 175-7.

70. vol. 6, ch. 5, part 3.

71. Agranovsky, “Profession: Foreigner.”

72. vol. 6, ch. 5, part 2.

73. vol. 6, ch. 5, part 2. A KGB file for 1953 describes LONG as a “valuable agent” of the Paris residency; k-4, 99. According to their passports, “Peter Kroger” had been born in Gisborne, New Zealand, on July 10, 1910 and “Helen Kroger” had been born in Boyle, Alberta, on January 17, 1913; vol. 6, ch. 5, part 2. Their colleagues in the British book trade believed both to be Canadian.

74. Snelling, Rare Books and Rarer People, p. 208.

75. Blake, No Other Choice, p. 265.

76. Agranovsky, “Profession: Foreigner.”

77. vol. 7, ch. 14, item 17.

78. vol. 7, ch. 12.

79. Houghton, Operation Portland, Andrew and Gordievsky, KGB, pp. 446-7.

80. Wright, Spycatcher, pp. 137-8; Rositzke, The KGB, pp. 76-7.

81. vol. 7, ch. 12.

82. vol. 6, ch. 5, part 2.

83. vol. 6, ch. 5, part 2.

84. Samolis (ed.), Veterany Vneshnei Razvedki Rossii, pp. 68-72.

85. Blake, No Other Choice, pp. 264-5.

86. vol. 7, ch. 12.

87. Andrew and Gordievsky, KGB, pp. 447-8.

88. vol. 7, ch. 12.

89. vol. 7, ch. 12.

90. RAG had been recruited in 1955; his work as a Soviet agent was known to at least one leader of the Belgian Communist Party. k-11, 17.

91. vol. 7, ch. 13. At the time of Koslov’s recall, the Centre does not appear to have decided whether his final destination was to have been Britain or the United States.

92. Bagrichev later became head of the first department in Directorate S; a file noted by Mitrokhin records him as holding that post in 1975. vol. 7, ch. 8, para. 6.

93. Lopatin became acting resident, following Chizhov’s sudden recall to Moscow in 1966 after he had apparently suffered a brain hemorrhage; Andrew and Gordievsky, KGB, p. 773, n. 121. Chizhov appears to have recovered. In the mid-1970s he was resident in Mogadishu. k-12, 452.

94. Andrew and Gordievsky, KGB, p. 517.

95. Frolik, The Frolik Defection, p. 82.

96. From 1964 to 1968 Savin was Lyalin’s predecessor as the Thirteenth Department officer at the London residency; he later became head of Line N in Finland. vol. 7, app. 2, paras. 61, 84.

97. West, A Matter of Trust, p. 171. Brook-Shepherd, The Storm Birds, p. 198.

98. Andrew and Gordievsky, KGB, pp. 517-18. In 1971 sixteen Line X officers were operating under official cover in London: one (Sherstnev) as embassy first secretary; three as third secretaries; one as attaché; eight in the trade mission; one in Mashpriborintorg (International Machine Tool Trade Organization); and one as a trainee. Additional Line X officers were being selected for positions in the Moscow Narodnyy Bank and in an (unidentified) Anglo-Soviet organization. The number of Line X officers was seriously reduced as a result of the mass expulsion of September 1971. k-2, 124.