Philip Longworth - Russia

Finns, 9, 25, 48, 164, 176, 231

Fiolipt, Patriarch of Constantinople, 85

Fioravanti, Aristotele, 74

First World War (1914-18), 233-6, 238, 320

Fletcher, Giles, 111

Florence, 67

Floria, B., 100

Foreign Office, 109, 147, 148, 169, 175; see also Government Departments

foreign relations, 79, 108, 216, 263; Ambassadorial Office, 77-8; and the Baltic provinces, 185-7; and Byzantine Empire, 33, 34-6, 38, 70-1; and Central Europe, 156-7; and colonial administration, 216-17; as defensive, 128; development of, 70, 74-6; diplomatic skills, 145; and England, 117, 146, 156; and establishment of record-filing system, 75—6; and the European Union, 286—7; and Finland and Bessarabia, 190-3; and the Habsburgs 166, 170; and the Holy Roman Emperor, 77; improved and expanded, 110—11; improvements in, 317; intelligence system, 76-8, no, 145-6, 279; and Kazakhs, 175-6; and the Ottoman Empire, 94, 108; and the papacy/Rome, 85; with Persia, India and China, 159-60; and Poland, 182-4, 196-7; protocols, 76, 105; rapprochement, 286-7; reassessment of, 169-70; relationship with NATO, 313, 314, 317; success of, 147; systematization of, 87; and the Tatars, 50, 79; and the Ukraine, 162-3, 184-5; and use of outsiders on diplomatic missions, 148; and Western Europe, 74-6, 84, 129, 146; Westernising policies of, 149; wide range of expertise amongst functionaries, 148—9; see also named countries; Russification policy; Soviety Union

Four Power Treaty, 292

Fradkov, Mikhail, 317

France, 6, 16, 165-7, 168, 170, 188, 215, 218, 231, 253, 261, 263, 264, 320; aftermath of Waterloo, 195-6; concerns of, 189; Napoleonic, 1, 192-3, 198; navy of, 171

Francis I, 4, 91

Frederick the Great, 178

Frederick III, Emperor, 75, 77

Gagarin, Iurii, 270

Gagarin, Matvei (governor of Siberia), 160-1 Galich, 52, 63, 65

Galicia, 243

Gazprom, 306

Gdansk, 142, 171, 178

Geneva, 286

George Bell & Sons, 206

Georgia, Georgians, 70, 76, 93, no, 112-13, 180, 181, 191, 205, 219, 286, 292, 297, 317, 325; Kakhetia, 76; Kartlo-Kakheti, 180

Georgian Democratic Republic, 244

Georgian Military Highway, 191

German Church, 36

German Sixth Army, 258

Germans, 181, 182, 187, 220

Germany, 2, 166, 222, 226, 231, 241, 309, 315, 320, 321; Imperial, 214; partition of, 262—3; reunification of, 292; war with, 233-6

Ghana, 270

Gladstone, W.E., 221

Gleb (son of Vladimir), 39, 43, 112

Goa, 278

Godunov, Boris, Tsar, 109; acceptance of crown, 114-15; talents for foreign affairs and administrative matters, 111; and canard that he ordered the murder of Tsar Dmitrii, 111-12; orders Siberian expedition, 130-1; unhappy reign, 115-19

Godunov, Dmitrii (councillor), 109

Godwinson, Harold, 40

Gogol, Nikolai, 219

Golden Horde, 64, 66, 69, 76, 79

Golitsyn, Mikhail, 176

Golitsyn, Vasilii, 120, 123, 146, 147, 148, 151

Golovkin, Gavrilii, 150

Gomulka, Wladyslaw, 268

Goncharov, Ivan: Oblomov, 212

Gorbachev, Mikhail, 282, 284-5, 286-9, 288—9, 321; appointment as General Secretary of Communist Party, 284—5; coup against, 296—7; democratic leanings, 287, 289; economic decline under, 302; foreign policy of, 286-7; liberal intentions, 286; positive achievements of, 299; radical reforms of, 285-6, 289; resignation of, 298; responsible for Soviet collapse, 282; reversal of Brezhnev Doctrine, 288-9; and the satellite countries, 290-6; and separation of powers, 288

Gorchakov, A.M., 214, 217

Gordon, General Patrick, 137

Gorky, Maxim, 246

Gorskii, A.A., 51

Government Departments: College of Foreign Affairs, 179; College of Justice, 163; Felony (Razboinii prikaz), 109; Foreign Affairs, 141; Kazan, 134; Ministry of Finance, 224; Ministry for War, 221

Grand Principality see Vladimir-Moscow

Great Perm, 69, 96

Great Schism, 64, 86

Greece, Greeks, 85, 176, 263; immigrants in the service of Ivan III, 74-5, 82; as part of British sphere, 263; see also Byzantium

‘Greek fire’, 32

Greek Project of Catherine II, 179-82

Greenland, 176

Greig, Captain Samuel (later Admiral),

172

Group of Seven, 297

Gulag system, 251

Gulf of Bothnia, 154

Gulf of Finland, 108, 172

Gulf of Liautong, 226

Gusinskii, Vladimir, 304, 315

Habsburgs, 8, 76, 94, 128, 137, 146, 151, 166, 170

Halych see Galich

Hango, battle of, 156

Hansa, 80, 81, 98, 142

Hanseatic League, 76

Harald Hadrada, 40

Havel, Vaclav, 283, 292

Hellie, Richard, 129

Helmfeldt, Benjamin, 146

Henry VIII of England, 4, 91

Herberstein, Sigismund von, 84, 85

Hercegovina, 221

Herder, Gottfried von, 219

Herodotus, 17, 18

Hitler, Adolf, 2, 253, 254, 257, 258, 259, 261

Hobbes, Thomas, 101

Holland, 157, 171, 215

Holmgarthr see Novgorod-Seversk

Holstein, 153

Holstein, Duke of, 156, 157

Honecker, Erich, 290-1

Hordienko, Ataman, 163

Horsey, Jerome, 111

Hrushevsky, Mikhail, 243

Hungary, Hungarians, 6, 70, 72, 76, 208, 255, 263-6, 268, 276, 283, 290, 294

laropkin, Mikhail, 75

Iaropolk of Kiev (brother of Vladimir), 38

Iaroslav of Sepukhov, Prince, 63

Iaroslav the Wise, Grand Prince, 27, 39, 40-3

Iaroslavl, 124, 125

Iasi, 192

Ibn Khurdadhbih, 22

Ibn Rusta, 24

Iceland, 269

Icelandic sagas, 27

Igor, Prince (son of Oleg/Olga), 30-1, 32

Igor (son of Iaroslav), 41

Ilarion, metropolitan of Kiev, 40

Ilminski, N., 216

India, 51, 160, 188, 189, 205, 208, 216, 222, 269, 278, 314, 315, 317, 326

Indian Ocean, 278

Ingria, 156

Ingush, 94, 271

International Monetary Fund (IMF), 311, Iran, 4, 22, 168, 172, 174, 188, 199, 203, 204, 222-3, 231, 263, 269, 310, 314, 325

Iraq, 270, 326

Irkeshtan Pass, 222

Irkutsk, 135

Irtysh river, 97

Isidor, Metropolitan of Moscow, 64

Islam, 93-4, 113, 178, 179, 199, 203, 216, 217,244, 307, 309, 313, 317

Ismail, 188

Israel, 278

Istanbul, 93; see also Byzantium; Constantinople

Istoma Maloi, 75

Italy, Italians, 190, 255, 261, 264

Itelmens, 134

Itil, 37

Iurev-Polskii, 44

Iurii, Grand Duke, 54

Iurii, Prince of Vladimir, 45

Iurii (uncle of Vasilii II), 63

Ivan I (‘Money-Bag’, Grand Prince), 50, 53-5, 56, 61

Ivan II, Grand Prince, 56

Ivan III (Ivan the Great), 66, 243, 320; accession of, 68; administration and diplomacy of, 70, 74-8; and apanage system, 69, 70, 79-80; and the Church, 82—4; marriage to Zoe, 70—1; and military development, 70, 78-81; power/authority of, 71, 74; as ‘Sovereign of all Russia’, 69; success of, 68—9, 70; and territorial expansion, 69-74

Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible), 1, 4, 108, 109, 115, 130, 152, 154, T67, 320, 321; birth and accession, 89-90; campaigns and conquests, 87, 91—9; controversy concerning, 88-9; as first tsar, 87; illness and death, 105—7; imperialism of, 87-9; interests and concerns, 90-1; investiture of, 4, 87; marriages of, 89; and oprichnina, 99-104, 105-6, 108; religious sensibilities, 90

Ivan (son of Ivan the Terrible), 114

Ivan (son of Tsar Alexis), 146, 147, 151, 152 Ivan VI, 169

Ivangorod, 81

Izborsk, 81, 103

Iziaslav of Kiev (son of Iaroslav), 41, 42

Izmailov, Lev, 159

James I and VI of England and Scotland, 124

Japan, Japanese, 226, 230-1, 233, 244, 253, 254, 257, 259, 261, 266, 313, 315

Jaruszelski, General Wojciech, 284

Jefferson, Thomas, 197

Jesuits, 120, 121, 133