131. Gorbachev press conference, August 22, 1991.
132. Copy of document in author’s possession.
133. CNN video film.
134. Shakhnovsky interview, May 1992.
135. Mishin interview, May 1992.
136. Smirnov testimony to Russian Constitutional Court, July 29, 1992.
137. MN (September 1, 1991).
138. CNN video.
139. Interview with CC official, August 1991.
140. Den’ (January 19, 1992), p. 1.
141. Interview with Akhromeyev family, June 1992.
142. Stepankov and Lisov, p. 239.
143. Sovietskaya Rossiya , September 28, 1991, P. 6.
144. Interview, June 1992.
145. Stepankov and Lisov, p. 236.
1. Vreme (Belgrade, September 23, 1991), p. 7.
2. Interview with Vreme military correspondent Miloš Vasi?, August 1994.
3. Interview with SDS leader Radovan Karadžić, September 1991.
4. Borisav Jovi?, Posledni Dani SFRJ , pp. 349. 386.
5. Author’s notes. See Dobbs, “Bosnian Republic Resembles Tinderbox Waiting to Explode,” WP , September 24, 1991, p. A1.
6. John Kifner, “With Little, Bosnians Sharpen Fighting Skills,” NYT , December 5, 1993. See also Tom Gjelten, Sarajevo Daily , pp. 75–76, and captured JNA documents published by State Commission for War Crimes in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulletins no. 3 and 4, March-April 1993.
7. Interview, September 23, 1991.
8. Oslobođenje , Sarajevo, September 23, 1991, p. 3.
9. Chuck Sudetic, NYT , November 21, 1991, p. A1.
10. Dusan Stojanovic, AP dispatch, November 19, 1991.
11. Blaine Harden, “Serbs Blamed for Mass Croatian Grave,” WP , January 26, 1993.
12. Interview, Vinkovci, July 1993.
13. UN Security Council Document, S/25274, February 10, 1993, p. 29.
14. Harden.
15. Don Oberdorfer, “Despite Accurate Warning, U.S. Failed to Act on Balkans,” WP , July 2, 1993, p. A1.
16. Interviews with former Secretary of State Lawrence Eagleburger and former National Security Adviser Brent Scowcroft, December 1995.
17. Testimony to House Armed Services Committee, May 25, 1993, H201–11.
18. Interview with former U.S. ambassador to Belgrade Warren Zimmermann, March 1995.
19. Jovi?, p. 349.
20. Interview with Scowcroft. See also Dobbs, “Bosnia Crystallizes U.S. Post-Cold War Role,” WP , December 3, 1995, p. A1.
21. Interview, December 1995.
22. Jovi?, pp. 395–96.
23. Ibid., p. 295.
24. “Ukraine seen going independent,” WP , December 2, 1991, p. A1.
25. Andrei Grachev, Kremlyovskaya Khronika , p. 339.
26. Yeltsin, Struggle for Russia , p. 112. See also Fred Hiatt and Margaret Shapiro, “Snubs Helped Seal Old Union’s Fate,” WP , December 14, 1991, p. A1.
27. WP interview with Kozyrev, December 1991, see Hiatt and Shapiro, ibid.
28. Kozyrev interview. See also Grachev, P. 343.
29. Grachev, p. 344.
30. Ibid., p. 352.
31. Yakovlev interview, July 1993.
32. “Gorbachev: The Final Hours,” ABC Prime time Live , December 26, 1991; Grachev, p. 390.
33. Grachev, p. 389.
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