James Mann - The Rebellion of Ronald Reagan

3 Cartoon: Oman, The Oregonian , reprinted in Time magazine, December 14, 1987, 32.

4 Russell Watson, “The Right Wing Opens Fire,” Newsweek , November 30, 1987, 36.

5 ABC News Transcripts, “World News Tonight,” December 6, 1987; Saundra Saperstein Torry and John Mintz, “Free Jews, Thousands Demand,” Washington Post , December 7, 1987, A1.

6 Tom Griscom, “Memorandum on Summit Activities,” October, 14, 1987, in Files of Kenneth Duberstein, Subject File Index, Box 2, Ronald Reagan Presidential Library.

7 Griscom, ibid.; Ronald Reagan, “Remarks at the United States Military Academy,” October 28, 1987, Ronald Reagan Presidential Library.

8 Tom C. Korologos memo, “Summit,” November 17, 1987, in Files of Kenneth Duberstein, Subject File Index, Box 2, Ronald Reagan Presidential Library.

9 Ronald Reagan, “Interview With Television Network Broadcasters,” December 3, 1987, Ronald Reagan Presidential Library.

10 ABC News Transcripts, “World News Tonight,” December 6, 1987.

11 Author interview with Frank Carlucci, January 19, 2005.

12 Author interview with Colin Powell, November 2, 2006; Colin Powell, My American Journey (New York: Ballantine Books, 1995), 347-48.

13 Reagan interview with broadcasters.

14 George P. Shultz, Turmoil and Triumph (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1993), 1006-9; Pavel Palazchenko, My Years With Gorbachev and Shevardnadze (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1997), 77.

1 Author interview with Fritz Ermarth, January 25, 2005.

2 Memorandum of Conversation, 10:45 a.m., December 8, 1987; Ronald Reagan, An American Life (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1990), 698; Mikhail Gorbachev, Memoirs (New York: Doubleday, 1995), 447.

3 Memorandum of Conversation, 2:30 pm., December 8, 1987; Colin Powell, My American Journey (New York: Ballantine Books, 1995), 350-51; George P. Shultz, Turmoil and Triumph (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1993), 1010-11.

4 Ronald Reagan (Douglas Brinkley, ed.), The Reagan Diaries (New York: HarperCollins, 2007), 555.

5 Powell, My American Journey , 353-54; Reagan Diaries , 557; An American Life , 700-701.

6 Shultz, Turmoil and Triumph , 1014; Jack F. Matlock, Jr., Reagan and Gorbachev (New York: Random House, 2004), 279-80.

7 Elizabeth Kastor and Donnie Radcliffe, “The Night of the Peacemakers,” Washington Post , December 9, 1987, B1.

8 Shultz, Turmoil and Triumph , 1005-6; Nancy Reagan, My Turn (New York: Random House, 1989), 38-42.

9 Author interview with Thomas Griscom, April 12, 2005.

10 Memorandum of Conversation, Working Lunch, December 10, 1987.

11 ABC News transcripts, Dec. 10 and 11, 1987.

12 Nixon letter “Dear Ron,” December 10, 1987, in Presidential Handwriting File, Series IV, Presidential Telephone Calls Box 10, 700604, Ronald Reagan Presidential Library.

13 Henry A. Kissinger, “The Dangers Ahead,” Newsweek , December 21, 1987, 34.

14 Ibid.

15 Jacob V. Lamar, “An Offer They Can Refuse,” Time magazine, December 14, 1987, 32.

16 R. Emmett Tyrell, Jr., “Why a Renowned Hawk Is Mellow,” The Washington Post , December 11, 1987, A-27.

17 Palazchenko, 78.

18 Gorbachev report quoted in Anatoly S. Chernyaev, My Six Years with Gorbachev (University Park: Pennsylvania University Press, 2000), 142-43.

19 Gorbachev, Memoirs , 443, 445.

20 Chernyaev, My Six Years , 144.

1 Jim Kuhn, Ronald Reagan in Private (New York: Sentinel Books, 2004), 251-52.

2 Steven V. Roberts, “Waning Days Cast New Glow Over White House,” New York Times , January 29, 1988, A-14.

3 Interview with William H. Webster, Miller Center for Public Affairs, University of Virginia, August 21, 2002.

4 Author interview with Frank Carlucci, January 19, 2005.

5 Author interview with Colin Powell, November 2, 2006.

6 Author interview with Richard Armitage, July 13, 2006.

7 Author’s Powell interview.

8 Ibid.

9 George P. Shultz, Turmoil and Triumph (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1993), 1052, 1074.

10 “Memorandum of Conversation, March 11, 1988,” attachment to Memorandum for Colin L. Powell from Fritz W. Ermarth, March 31, 1988, in Powell files, Ronald Reagan Presidential Library.

11 Shultz, Turmoil and Triumph , 1089.

12 Reagan Interview with Television Network Broadcasters, December 3, 1987; Kiron K. Skinner, Annelise Anderson, and Martin Anderson, eds., Reagan: A Life in Letters (New York: Free Press, 2003), 384.

13 Mikhail Gorbachev, Memoirs (New York: Doubleday, 1995), 250.

14 Memos of March 11 and March 31, 1988, to Powell.

15 Ronald Reagan speech, “Remarks to the World Affairs Council of Western Massachusetts in Springfield,” April 21, 1988.

16 Gorbachev, Memoirs , 452; Shultz, Turmoil and Triumph , 1097.

17 Author interview with Rozanne Ridgway, June 20, 2005.

18 Ronald Reagan, The Reagan Diaries (New York: Harper Collins, 2007), 564-65, 568.

19 “INF’s Blue Horizon,” Wall Street Journal , January 29, 1988, 18, “Mad Momentum,” Wall Street Journal , April 13, 1988, 28.

20 Richard Nixon, “Dealing With Gorbachev,” New York Times Magazine, 26, March 13, 1988.

21 Colin Powell, An American Journey (New York: Ballantine Books, 1995), 362.

22 Author interview with Frank Carlucci, January 19, 2005; Reagan Diaries , 570.

23 Reagan Diaries , 566, 574.

24 William F. Buckley, Jr., “Senator Helms Is Luckily in the Way,” National Review , vol. 40, no. 4 (March 4, 1988), 60.

25 Helen Dewar, “Kissinger Backs Pact, with Misgivings,” The Washington Post , February 24, 1988, A4.

26 Eloise Salholz, “INF: The Politics of Ratification,” Newsweek , May 16, 1988, 22.

27 Shultz, Turmoil and Triumph , 1084.

28 Don Oberdorfer, The Turn (New York: Poseidon Press), 289-90; Lou Cannon, “Reagan: No Pact by Moscow Summit,” Washington Post , February 26, 1988, A1.

29 Pat Towell, “With Summit Near, Senate Debates INF Treaty,” Congressional Quarterly , May 21, 1988, 1357.

30 Janet Hook, “Just in Time for Moscow Summit: Senate Votes 93-5 to Approve Ratification of the INF Treaty,” Congressional Quarterly , May 28, 1988, 1431.

1 Ronald Reagan, The Reagan Diaries (New York: HarperCollins, 2007), 612-13.

2 George Will, “Détente, Reagan Style,” Washington Post , May 26, 1988, A-21; George Will, “Foreign Policy That Bewilders,” Washington Post , May 29, 1988, C-7.

3 Author interview with George Shultz, February 16, 2005; Jack F. Matlock, Jr., Reagan and Gorbachev (New York: Random House, 2004), 296-7.

4 Colin Powell, My American Journey (New York: Ballantine Books, 1995), 365; Nancy Reagan, My Turn (New York: Random House, 1989), 301.

5 Author interview with Rudolf Perina, May 18, 2005; author interview with Richard Solomon, January 21, 2005.

6 Memorandum of Conversation, The President’s First One-on-One Meeting with General Secretary Gorbachev, May 29, 1988, in White House Staff and Office Files, Fritz Ermarth, Boxes 92084-5, Ronald Reagan Presidential Library.