Vadim Birstein - The Perversion of Knowledge

83. Raikhman was appointed head of the Control Inspection to Check the Fulfillment of Orders of the Minister, and Eitingon was appointed deputy of Sudoplatov, who now headed the Ninth MVD Department. On July 31, 1953, this department was placed under the Second Main (Foreign Intelligence) MVD Directorate (Kokurin and Petrov, Lubyanka , pp. 72 and 129; Naumov and Sigachev, Lavrentii Beria , p. 498).

84. Cited in Bobryonev, “Doktor Smert,” p. 346; translated in Bobryonev and Ryazentsev, The Ghosts, pp. 181–182.

85. See Khrushchev’s own description of the events in Khrushchev Remembers , with an introduction, commentary, and notes by Edward Crankshaw, trans. and ed. Strobe Talbott (New York: Bantam Books, 1971), pp. 357–369.

86. Resolution on the Criminal, Anti-Party and Anti-Government Activities of Beria of the Plenum of the Central Committee CRSU. Adopted anonymously at the Session of the Plenum of the CC CSPU, July 7, 1953 (Stickle, D. M., ed., The Beria Affair: The Secret Transcripts of the Meeting Signalling the End of Stalinism (New York: Nova Science Publishers, 1992), pp. 183–191.

87. Ibid., p. 95.

88. Eitingon’s prisoner card at Vladimir Prison (Document 18 in Appendix II). The MGB/MVD investigator Pavel Grishaev prepared the arrest of Eitingon and Ryumin (Vaksberg, Stalin Against the Jews , p. 279). Grishaev was one of investigators of Abakumov (his former boss) and applied terrible methods of torture to Abakumov.

89. Khokhlov, In the Name of Conscience , p. 184.

90. Ibid., p. 185.

91. Murphy, David E., Sergei A. Kondrashov, and George Bailey, Battleground Berlin: CIA vs. KGB in the Cold War (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997), pp. 109 and 470.

92. Bobryonev, “Doktor Smert,” pp. 347–348, and 363–364.

93. On June 29, 1953, at the Presidium of Central Committee meeting, Stalin’s chief prosecutor (from 1948–1953) G. Safonov (1904–1972) was dismissed and Rodion Rudenko was appointed the new chief prosecutor (Naumov and Sigachev, Lavrentii Beria , pp. 216–217 and 418).

94. A top-secret decision of the Presidium of the Central Committee “On the organization of investigation of the case on criminal anti-Party and anti-Government [i.e., anti-Soviet] activity of Beria” dated June 29, 1953. The text is given in Naumov and Sigachev, Lavrentii Beria , p. 72.

95. A transcript of the Special Court Meeting of the USSR Supreme Court on December 18–23, 1953; Mikhailov’s inquiry cited in Bobryonev, “Doktor Smert,” pp. 399–400; translated in Bobryonev and Ryazentsev, The Ghosts , pp. 372–378.

96. Official information “In the USSR Supreme Court” published in the daily Pravda on December 24, 1953. Cited as document no. 9 in Naumov and Sigachev, Lavrentii Beria , pp. 387–391. See the English translation in Stickle, The Beria Affair, pp. 195–197.

97. Document 8 (“Act [Report]” dated December 23, 1953) in Naumov and Sigachev, Lavrentii Beria , p. 387.

98. Mlechin, Predsedateli , p. 357.

99. In December 1953, Kitaev closed investigation of the Abakumov case (Stolyarov, Palachi i zhertvy , p. 101).

100. “Act [Report] dated December 23, 1953,” reproduced in Popov, B. S., and V. G. Oppokov, “Berievshchina,” Voenno-Istoricheskii Zhurnal 10 (1991): 56–62 (in Russian).

101. Bobryonev, “Doktor Smert,” pp. 408–411. Translations of excerpts from transcripts of interrogations of Balishansky (on February 4, 1954) and Muromtsev (on March 3, 1954) are given in Bobryonev and Ryazentsev, The Ghosts, pp. 83.

102. Bobryonev, “Doktor Smert,” pp. 409.

103. Decision of the Commission of the USSR Supreme Council Presidium, transcript no. 135 from September 3, 1956.

104. Mairanovsky’s second prisoner card at Vladimir Prison (Document 17 in Appendix II).

105. Dates of the cell occupancy on Kruminsh’s prisoner card (Memorial’s Archive [Moscow], fond 171; prisoner cards from Vladimir Prison).

106. Eitingon’s prisoner card at Vladimir Prison (Document 18 in Appendix II).

107. Sudoplatov’s prisoner card at Vladimir Prison (Document 22 in Appendix II).

108. Deputy Chairman of the Military Collegium, Major General Kostromin (Sudoplatov, P., et al ., Special Tasks , p. 399).

109. Ibid., pp. 400–401.

110. Ibid., p. 407.

111. Volin, “S berievtsami vo Vladimirskoi Tur’me,” pp. 370–371.

112. Men’shagin, Vospominaniya , pp. 124–125.

113. Ibid., p. 125.

114. Ibid., p. 126.

115. Ibid., pp. 94, 118–119. Men’shagin’s memory was phenomenal: According to prisoner cards, Men’shagin shared cells 2-30, 2-45, and 2-26 with Steinberg from 1964 until January 1966. On January 8, 1966, Steinberg was released (Menshagin’s and Steinberg’s prisoner cards, Memorial’s Archive [Moscow], fond 171; prisoner cards from Vladimir Prison).

116. Men’shagin, Vospominaniya , pp. 123–125.

117. Eitingon was transferred to Vladimir Prison on March 16, 1957, and released from it in March 1964 (from his prisoner card).

118. After that Sudoplatov became a translator and a ghost writer. He died in 1996 (Naumov and Sigachev, Lavrentii Beria , pp. 486–487).

119. A copy of Ilyukhin’s letter to F. G. Mairanovsky dated September 18, 1989 (Memorial’s Archive [Moscow], fond 1, op. 1, d. 2862).

120. Sudoplatov, P., et al ., Special Tasks , pp. 430–443.

121. Bobryonev, “ Doktor Smert ,” pp. 42, 240; Bobryonev and Ryazentsev, The Ghosts, p. 85.

122. Bobryonev and Ryazentsev, The Ghosts , p. 162.

123. Mairanovsky’s letter to Khrushchev, dated August 1955, cited in Bobryonev, “ Doktor Smert ,” p. 294; translated in Bobryonev and Ryazentsev, The Ghosts , p. 146.

124. Petrov and Skorkin, Kto rukovodil NKVD , pp. 422–423.

125. Bobryonev and Ryazentsev, The Ghosts , pp. 142–143.

126. The “‘Archival Information’ from the KGB Central Archive,” given in 1988 to Muromtsev’s daughter, Natalia Tolmacheva. Cited in “Eta gor’kaya pravda” [This bitter truth], Ogonyok 29 (1988): 23–24.

127. Sudoplatov, A., Tainaya zhizn’ , vol. 2, pp. 521–522.

128. Sudoplatov, P., Spetsoperatsii , p. 617.

129. Pravda , July 28, 1948.

130. Muromtsev, Sergei N., Problemy sovremennoi mikrobiologii v svete michurinskogo ucheniya [Problems of Current Microbiology in the Light of Michurin’s Ideas] (Moscow: Pravda, 1950) (in Russian).

131. Muromtstev, S. N., “Novye raboty o nasledstennosti i ee izmenchivosti y mikrooganizmov” [New works on inheritance and its variability in microorganisms], Zhurnal Mikrobiologii, Epidemiologii and Immunologii 3 (1951): 7–13 (in Russian).

132. Abelev, G. I., I. N. Kryukova, and V. N. Gershanovich, “Pis’mo v redaktsiyu zhurnala Ogonyok ” [A letter to the Editorial Board of the magazine Ogonyok ], Ogonyok 29 (1988): 24 (in Russian).

133. “Muromtsev, Sergei Nikolaevich,” Great Soviet Encyclopedia: A Translation of the Third Edition (New York: Macmillan, 1974), vol. 17, p. 245.

134. Weinreich, Hitler’s Professors , p. 7.

135. Memorial’s Archive (Moscow), fond 1, op. 1, d. 2872.

136. Blokhin, N., “Akademik N. Blokhin daet pokazaniya” [Academician N. Blokhin testifies], Moscow News 39 (1990) (in Russian).

137. Sakharov, Memoirs , p. 515.

138. “Speransky, A. D.,” in Bol’shaya Meditsinskaya Entsiklopedia [The Great Medical Encyclopedia] (Moscow: Sovetskaya Entsiklopedia, 1976), vol. 24, p. 308 (in Russian).