Юваль Ной Харари - Людина розумна. Історія людства від минулого до майбутнього

Andrew Robinson, The Story of Writing (New York: Thames and Hudson, 1995), 63; Hans J. Nissen, Peter Damerow and Robert K. Englung, Archaic Bookkeeping: Writing and Techniques of Economic Administration in the Ancient Near East (Chicago, London: The University of Chicago Press, 1993), 36.

Marcia and Robert Ascher, Mathematics of the Incas – Code of the Quipu (New York: Dover Publications, 1981).

Gary Urton. Signs of the Inka Khipu (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2003); Galen Brokaw. A History of the Khipu (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010).

Навіть після того, як розмовною мовою стала аккадійська, мовою управління, а отже, й мовою письма залишалась шумерська. Відповідно, честолюбні писарі мали говорити шумерською.

Stephen D. Houston (ed.), The First Writing: Script Invention as History and Process (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004), 222.

Sheldon Pollock: ‘Axialism and Empire’, у збірці Axial Civilisations and World History , ed. Johann P. Arnason, S. N. Eisenstadt and Bjцrn Wittrock (Leiden: Brill, 2005), 397–451.

Harold M. Tanner, China: A History (Indianapolis: Hackett Pub. Co., 2009), 34.

Ramesh Chandra, Identity and Genesis of Caste System in India (Delhi: Kalpaz Publications, 2005); Michael Bamshad et al.: ‘Genetic Evidence on the Origins of Indian Caste Population’, Genome Research 11 (2001): 904 – 1,004; Susan Bayly, Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999).

Houston, First Writing , 196.

The secretary general, United Nations, Report of the Secretary General on the In-depth Study on All Forms of Violence Against Women , delivered to the General Assembly, UN Doc. A/16/122/Add.1 (6 липня, 2006), 89.

Sue Blundell, Women in Ancient Greece (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1995), 113 – 29, 132 – 3.

Francisco Lуpez de Gуmara, Historia de la Conquista de Mexico , vol. 1, ed. D. Joaquin Ramirez Cabaсes (Mexico City: Editorial Pedro Robredo, 1943), 106.

Andrew M. Watson: ‘Back to Gold – and Silver’, Economic History Review 20:1 (1967), 11–12; Jasim Alubudi, Repertorio Bibliogrбfico del Islam (Madrid: Vision Libros, 2003), 194.

Watson: ‘Back to Gold – and Silver’, 17–18.

David Graeber, Debt: The First 5,000 Years (Brooklyn, NY: Melville House, 2011). David Graeber, Debt: The First 5,000 Years (Brooklyn, NY: Melville House, 2011).

Glyn Davies, A History of Money: From Ancient Times to the Present Day (Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1994), 15.

Szymon Laks, Music of Another World , trans. Chester A. Kisiel (Evanston, Ill.: North-western University Press, 1989), 88 – 9. «Ринок» Аушвіцу був не для всіх класів в’язнів, причому час від часу умови різко змінювалися.

Niall Ferguson, The Ascent of Money (New York: The Penguin Press, 2008), 4.

Щодо інформації про ячмінні гроші я спирався на неопубліковані кандидатські тези: Refael Benvenisti: ‘Economic Institutions of Ancient Assyrian Trade in the Twentieth to Eighteenth Centuries BC’ (Hebrew University of Jerusalem, unpublished PhD thesis, 2011). Див. також Norman Yoffee: ‘The Economy of Ancient Western Asia’, у збірці Civilisations of the Ancient Near East , vol. 1, ed. J. M. Sasson (New York: C. Scribner’s Sons, 1995), 1,387 – 99; R. K. Englund: ‘Proto-Cuneiform Account-Books and Journals’, у збірці Creating Economic Order: Record-keeping, Standardisation and the Development of Accounting in the Ancient Near Ea st, ed. Michael Hudson and Cornelia Wunsch (Bethesda, Md.: CDL Press, 2004), 21–46; Marvin A. Powell: ‘A Contribution to the History of Money in Mesopotamia prior to the Invention of Coinage’, у збірці Festschrift Lubor Matouљ , ed. B. Hruљka and G. Komorуczy (Budapest: Eцtvцs Lorбnd Tudomбnyegyetem, 1978), 211 – 43; Marvin A. Powell: ‘Money in Mesopotamia’, Journal of Economic and Social History of the Orient , 39:3 (1996), 224 – 42; John F. Robertson: ‘The Social and Economic Organisation of Ancient Mesopotamian Temples’, у збірці Civilisations of the Ancient Near East , vol. 1, ed. Sasson, 443–500; M. Silver: ‘Modern Ancients’, у збірці Commerce and Monetary Systems in the Ancient World: Means of Transmission and Cultural Interaction , ed. R. Rollinger and U. Christoph (Stuttgart: Steiner, 2004), 65–87; Daniel C. Snell: ‘Methods of Exchange and Coinage in Ancient Western Asia’, у збірці Civilisations of the Ancient Near East , vol. 1, ed. Sasson, 1,487 – 97.

Nahum Megged, The Aztecs (Tel Aviv: Dvir, 1999 [іврит]), 103.

Tacitus, Agricola , ch. 30 (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1958), pp. 220 – 1.

A. Fienup-Riordan, The Nelson Island Eskimo: Social Structure and Ritual Distribution (Anchorage: Alaska Pacific University Press, 1983), 10.

Yuri Pines: ‘Nation States, Globalization and a United Empire – the Chinese Experience (third to fifth centuries BC)’, Historia 15 (1995), 54 [іврит].

Alexander Yakobson: ‘Us and Them: Empire, Memory and Identity in Claudius’ Speech on Bringing Gauls into the Roman Senate’, у збірці On Memory: An Interdisciplinary Approach , ed. Doron Mendels (Oxford: Peter Land, 2007), 23 – 4.

W. H. C. Frend, Martyrdom and Persecution in the Early Church (Cambridge: James Clarke & Co., 2008), 536 – 7.

Robert Jean Knecht, The Rise and Fall of Renaissance France, 1483–1610 (London: Fontana Press, 1996), 424.

Marie Harm and Hermann Wiehle, Lebenskunde fuer Mittelschulen – Fuenfter Teil. Klasse 5 fuer Jнеgen (Halle: Hermann Schroedel Verlag, 1942), 152 – 7.

Susan Blackmore, The Meme Machine (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999).

David Christian, Maps of Time: An Introduction to Big History (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004), 344 – 5; Angus Maddison, The World Economy , vol. 2 (Paris: Development Centre of the Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001), 636; ‘Historical Estimates of World Population’, US Census Bureau, доступ від 10 грудня 2010 р., http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/worldhis.html.

Maddison, The World Economy , vol. 1, 261.