Tom Clark - Digital Photography Composition For Dummies

lighting, 281-282

paying attention to surroundings, 283 firework photography, 269 fisheye lens, 35 fixed lens

focal length, 34

types of, 35 flash

battery-powered, 155

direct, 154

external, 47

with motion blur, 270-271

ring, 237 flashlight, 246 flat lighting, 160 Fletcher, Dirk (Digital Photography Lighting

For Dummies), 153 flooded light source, 154 flower photography

angle, 254

background,252-253

depth of field, 254

grouping, 254

lighting, 253-255

outdoor, 254-255

in studio, 252-254

foam insulation, reflective material, 161 focal length

defined, 2, 34

depth of field, 104, 113

drawing attention to subject through, 105

fixed lens, 34

normal lens, 35

focal length (continued)

perspective, 125-126

telephoto lens, 35

wide-angle lens, 35

zoom lens, 35 focal plane, 104 focal point

auto focus for, 107

choosing a, 103-104

composition technique, 18-19

creativity, 110-111

defined, 12

drawing attention to elements through, 12

group portrait, 224

manual focus for, 106-107

panning technique, 111

perspective, 120

rule of thirds, 105

secondary, 115-116

selective focus, 109-113

spatial relationship, 107-108

wildlife photography, 240 focus

auto, 107, 264-265

children's photography, 274

manual, 106-107

motion stopping photography, 264-265

one-shot autofocus, 264–265 focusing sensor, 107 food photography

angle, 256

background, 256

close-up, 256

lighting, 255

perspective, 257 foreground

basic description of, 68

dynamic composition, 331

interior photo, 261

sense of depth, 68-69

supporting elements in, 68 forest photography

contrast, 244

depth of field, 245

lighting, 243-244

mysterious composition, 243

at night, 245-246

perspective, 245

what to photograph, 243 format

environment-based, 190-191

message-based, 186-188

square, 191

subject-based, 188-190

vertical and horizontal, choosing

between,185–186 forms

basic description of, 60-61

composition technique, 20

emphasizing, 62

as golden point, 54

as narrative quality, 61

shapes versus, 58-59

three-dimensional representation of, 59 forum, photography, 323 frame. See also compositional frame

basic description of, 178

composition representation, 10

staggered elements within, 78-79

strong message in, 29-30

three dimensions in two-dimensional

medium, 29-30

Free Transform tool (Photoshop), 303 freezing motion. See motion-stopping

photography front curtain sync, 271 f-stop, 37

full automatic mode, 43 full-scale exposure, 41

G

ghosted image, 288 gigabyte, memory card, 46 GIMP photo-editing software, 293 golden points

area of high contrast, 54

four main points of composition, 52-53

intersecting lines as, 53

rule of thirds, 71, 73

shapes and forms as, 54 Google photo-editing software, 293

GPS system, 242 green

characteristics associated with, 87, 91

complementary color, 311 green color channel, 95 group portrait

couples, 225

depth of field, 224

focal point, 224

lighting, 224-225

patterns, 225

people placement, 227

photographic challenges of, 224-225

staggering people in, 226

V-shaped pose, 226 guidelines

background, 68

balance, 82-84

chaotic composition, 80

foreground, 68

leading lines, 79

midground,68

simple composition, 80

space, 76-79

staggering objects, 78-79

H

hair light, 168 hand placement, 217 hard light

light quality, 155

mixed with high contrast, 159

mixed with low contrast, 159

soft light versus, 156 hard shadow, 155 harsh light, 155 headroom, 67

Healing brush tool (Photoshop), 296–297 high fashion photography, 229–230 high-key image, 151 highlights

histogram, 42

overexposed images, 36 histogram

basic description of, 40

full-scale exposure, 41

highlights, 42

for properly exposed image, 40–41 horizon

distracting backgrounds, 144

rule of thirds, 71 horizontal line

rule of thirds, 71

sense of calm and repose, 56 horizontal orientation, 132–133 Horizontal Perspective slider

(Photoshop), 302 hot light, 154 hue property of color, 86

implied lines

basic description of, 54

line of sight as, 57

motion as, 58

tracking, 57–58 informal balance, 196 inspiration, finding

emulating, 319

going for walk, 317-318

lighting experimentation, 319

magazine, 321

movie-watching for, 320

museum, 320

new lens purchase, 321

night photography, 321-322

note taking, 318

overview, 31

shooting in different environments, 319

through photography forum, 323

through postproduction editing, 319

time lapse creation, 323

trying something new, 318–319 intensity of light, 155–156 interior photo, 260–262 intersecting lines, 53

intimate landscape photography, 234–235 ISO setting

adjusting, 39-40

defined, 2, 37

ratings, 39-40

sports photography, 276

K

Kelvin temperature scale, 177 key light, 159 kicker, 167

King, Julie Adair (Digital Photography For Dummies, 6th Edition), 293, 303

L•

landscape photography. See also wildlife photography

expansive landscapes, 232-234

forest photography, 243-246

hard lighting, 156

intimate landscapes, 234-235

landscape photography challenges, 231

macro photography, 236-238

natural elements, recognizing, 232

overview, 231

patience in, 232

perspective in, 120, 234

respecting nature's elements, 241-242

shadows in, 234

soft lighting, 156

sun,241-242

tilt-shift lens, 206

tripod for, 47

water, 242

Layer Mask (Photoshop), 305 leading a moving target, 265 leading lines

drawing attention to elements through, 13

environmental portrait, 219

rules of composition, 79

secondary focal point, 115

space allowance, 79 lens

beginner, 46

choosing a, 16, 34–36, 46

compatibility, 46

curvature, 34

extension tube attachment, 237

fisheye, 35

fixed, 34-35

focal length, 34

focused at different distances, 26-27

normal, 16,35, 112

portrait photography, 217-218

purchasing new, 321

telephoto, 16, 35, 112

tilt-shift, 205-208

toolkit essentials, 44

wide-angle, 16,35, 112

zoom, 35–36, 125–126 Lens Correction filter (Photoshop),

300-301 lens flare, 123

lifestyle fashion photography, 229 light metering mode, 42 light modifier, 161 light source

available, 154, 171

basic description of, 154

battery-powered flash, 155

continuous, 154

flooded, 154

hot light, 154

noncontinuous, 154

pop,154

positioning, 164-165

recycle time, 155

reflector, 155

spotted, 154

strobe, 154–155, 163

subject relationship, 163-165

sun, 154

third, 167-168

window, 155 lighting

angles, 123

architectural photography, 259

background, 168

badly lit backgrounds, 143-144

bounce, 255

broad, 165, 167

campfire, 246

color of light, 177-178

contrast, altering, 161-162

contrast, controlling, 159

creating your own look, 169

diffusion material, 160, 162