David Edmonds - Bobby Fischer Goes to War

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In the summer of 1972, with a presidential crisis stirring in the United States and the cold war at a pivotal point, two men—the Soviet world chess champion Boris Spassky and his American challenger Bobby Fischer—met in the most notorious chess match of all time. Their showdown in Reykjavik, Iceland, held the world spellbound for two months with reports of psychological warfare, ultimatums, political intrigue, cliffhangers, and farce to rival a Marx Brothers film.
Thirty years later, David Edmonds and John Eidinow, authors of the national bestseller
, have set out to reexamine the story we recollect as the quintessential cold war clash between a lone American star and the Soviet chess machine—a machine that had delivered the world title to the Kremlin for decades. Drawing upon unpublished Soviet and U.S. records, the authors reconstruct the full and incredible saga, one far more poignant and layered than hitherto believed.
Against the backdrop of superpower politics, the authors recount the careers and personalities of Boris Spassky, the product of Stalin’s imperium, and Bobby Fischer, a child of post-World War II America, an era of economic boom at home and communist containment abroad. The two men had nothing in common but their gift for chess, and the disparity of their outlook and values conditioned the struggle over the board.
Then there was the match itself, which produced both creative masterpieces and some of the most improbable gaffes in chess history. And finally, there was the dramatic and protracted off-the-board battle—in corridors and foyers, in back rooms and hotel suites, in Moscow offices and in the White House.
The authors chronicle how Fischer, a manipulative, dysfunctional genius, risked all to seize control of the contest as the organizers maneuvered frantically to save it—under the eyes of the world’s press. They can now tell the inside story of Moscow’s response, and the bitter tensions within the Soviet camp as the anxious and frustrated
strove to prop up Boris Spassky, the most un-Soviet of their champions—fun-loving, sensitive, and a free spirit. Edmonds and Eidinow follow this careering, behind-the-scenes confrontation to its climax: a clash that displayed the cultural differences between the dynamic, media-savvy representatives of the West and the baffled, impotent Soviets. Try as they might, even the KGB couldn’t help.
A mesmerizing narrative of brilliance and triumph, hubris and despair,
is a biting deconstruction of the Bobby Fischer myth, a nuanced study on the art of brinkmanship, and a revelatory cold war tragicomedy.

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Nabokov, Vladimir, 70

Najdorf, Miguel, 4, 76–77, 192, 228

Nash, John, 187

National Security Council, 143, 298

Nazism, 37, 54

Nei, Ivo, 106, 113, 119, 120, 133, 166, 208, 213, 235, 236, 240, 250, 260, 263, 265–67

Nemenyi, Paul, 5, 306

New York Times, 136, 137, 167, 226, 230, 247–48, 272, 279, 296

Nicholas II, 35, 38–39, 60

Nigro, Carmine, 6

Nikashkin, Valentin, 261, 262, 263, 268

Nikitin, Aleksandr, 9, 57, 259

Nixon, Richard, 12, 55, 193, 230–31, 271, 276–79

Fischer and, 93, 96, 247, 298–99

madman theory of, 188–89

Notes from Underground (Dostoyevsky), 58, 59

O

objectivism, 66–67

Olafsson, Fridrik, 28, 151, 172, 185, 192

Olafsson, Torfi, 139

Olympic Games, 11, 232, 273, 275

Operation Barbarossa, 34

P

Palace of Young Pioneers, 39–40

Palsson, Asgeir, 215

Palsson, Saemundur (Saemi-Rock), 214–17, 220, 223, 283–85, 295, 297–99, 309

Panov, Vasili, 104, 107

Paulus, Friedrich von, 114

Pavlov, Sergei, 52, 90, 91, 99–104, 110, 112–14, 155, 156, 200, 261, 268, 275, 295, 301

Penkovskii, Oleg, 58, 254

Petrosian, Rona, 95

Petrosian, Tigran, 2, 9, 13, 14, 17, 20, 22, 23, 28, 29, 38, 43–48, 83, 86, 87, 93–98, 105–7, 114, 116–17, 121, 124, 128, 131, 137, 141, 184, 200, 204, 205, 253, 286, 291, 298–300, 310

Pfleger, Helmut, 81

Philidor, François, 207

Pichtchenko, Vladimir, 259

Pirc, Vasja, 241

Podgornii, Nikolai, 276

Politburo, 51–52, 109, 292

Political Uses of Madness, The (Ellsberg), 189

Polugaievskii, Lev, 86, 300

Ponomarenko, Yuri, 166

Porter, Colin, 215

Portisch, Lajos, 28, 86, 294, 295, 299

Postnikov, V.I., 63, 117–18, 120

Pravda, 36, 88

Prefab Sprout (pop group), 308–9

“Problem of Paul Morphy, The” (Jones), 78

Pushkin, Aleksandr, 35, 73

R

Rabell Mendez, N., 127

Rahman, Mujibur, 227–28

Rajcsanyi, Zita, 305

random chess, 307

Reek, Jan van, 38

Rein, Yevgeni, 33–34, 60

Reisman, Marty (the Needle), 20

Reshevsky, Samuel, 7, 15, 17, 18, 20, 37, 82, 225

Reykjavik, 1–3, 50, 122, 123, 124, 133, 138, 145, 192, 195, 239, 307

Rice, Tim, 308

Rodionov, B. I., 290

Rogers, William, 143

Rosenwald competition, 7–8

Rossolimo (chess master), 225

Rostropovich, Mstislav, 91

Royal Game, The (Zweig), 74–75

Rubinstein, Akiba, 78

Rusakov, Konstantin, 276

Rusk, Dean, 186

Russell, Bertrand, 188

Russian Mind, The (Hingley), 56–57

Russian nationalism, 40, 55, 58, 60–61

Russian Orthodox Church, 38, 60

S

Sadat, Anwar al-, 279

Saga hotel, 133, 250, 282

Saidy, Anthony, 135, 137

Saidy, Fred, 137

St. Petersburg. See Leningrad

Sakharov, Andrei, 62

Schmid, Lothar, 1, 30, 95, 96, 137, 138, 147, 157, 158, 161, 167–69, 171–75, 178–84, 192, 208–9, 210, 213, 219, 220, 236, 241, 243, 245–47, 266, 281, 282, 307, 311

Schonberg, Harold, 73, 146

Schultz, Don, 20, 23–24, 213, 226, 264

Searching for Bobby Fischer (film), 306

Shakhmatni Listok (chess magazine), 61

Shchelokov, Nikolai, 292

Shcherbacheva, General, 293

Shcherbacheva, Marina, 293, 294

Shelepin, Aleksandr, 102

Sherwin, Jim, 6, 22, 30

Short, Nigel, 308

Sigfusson, Sigfus, 195, 286

Sigurdsson, Halldor E., 138, 282 64 (chess magazine), 36, 95, 100, 103

Skliarov, Yuri, 260–61

Skoff, Frank, 213–14, 223

Slater, James, 148–50, 283

Smith, Ken (Top Hat), 130–31, 236

Smith, Tommie, 11

Smyslov, Vasili, 28, 37, 38, 41, 45, 62, 80, 86, 105, 107, 121, 184, 200, 287

Sneider, Harry, 302

Soltis, Andrew, 119

Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr, 52, 90, 91

Sophocles, 162

Sosonko, Genna, 119

Soviet Union, 5, 7, 17, 33–35, 50–58

chess’s importance in, 8–9, 35–38, 50, 52–58, 89–92

extra-chess intrigue and, 249–57, 261–67

Fischer’s hatred of, 26

ignorance of West, 55

“Ours (Means) Better” policy, 55, 57

press coverage of match, 274

propaganda edifices, 38

Spassky championship loss and, 287–92

travel restrictions, 53–54, 258–59, 267, 293

See also cold war; Communist Party, Soviet; Sports Committee

Soviet Union Since the Fall of

Khrushchev, The (Brown), 50

Soviet Union vs. the Rest of the World (1970), 82–83

Spanier, David, 285

Spasskaia, Larisa (Boris’s second wife), 44, 46, 107–8, 116, 209, 221, 233, 249–51, 286, 287

Spassky, Boris, 38–69, 99, 131, 216

Angola, lack of interest in, 293

anti-Semitism of, 61

background and youth, 33–35, 38–41, 60

Baturinskii, breach with, 114

Bondarevskii, falling out with, 116

career rise, 41–48

character and beliefs of, 58–61, 64–65

chess style of, 73–74

defection rumors about, 267–69

Dostoyevskian affinities of, 59–60, 61

earnings of, 65–66, 107–8

Estonia, support for, 65

extra-chess intrigue and, 249–51, 253–57, 262, 263, 265–67

Fischer similarities with, 32

Fischer viewed by, 30, 295

Geller’s charges of pressures on, 237–40

Icelanders’ view of, 194–95

life outside of chess of, 77

KGB and, 61, 63, 258–62, 267–69

marriages of, 25, 44, 46, 107–8, 116, 293–94

move to France by, 293–94, 295

post-Fischer match loss by, 282–83, 285–95, 300

on possible Fischer random chess match, 307

Russian history, interest in, 61

Russian patriot, 60

Soviet Communist Party and, 61–66, 109–13, 290–93

and Sports Committee postmortem on

defeat, 287

stress management by, 80–81

Taimanov’s defeat by Fischer and, 92

training plan of, 110

university education of, 43, 60–61

world championship, 48–50, 63–64, 66, 68–69, 84, 98, 100–101, 107, 117, 124, 285

See also Fischer-Spassky competition

Spassky, Ekaterina Petrovna (Boris’s mother), 38, 39

Spassky, Georgi (Boris’s brother), 34, 39

Spassky, Iraida (Boris’s sister), 39

Spassky, Tania (Boris’s daughter), 44

Spassky, Vasili (Boris’s son), 46, 108, 294

Spassky, Vasili Vladimirovich (Boris’s father), 38, 39

Speelman, Jonathan, 167

Spitz, Mark, 232

Sports Committee, USSR, 37–38, 52–53, 62–63, 90, 99–102, 106, 107–14, 155–56, 202, 253–57, 261, 265, 267, 273, 287–91, 293, 294

Stalin, Joseph, 33, 36, 41, 51, 52, 55, 59

State Committee for Physical Training and Sport. See Sports Committee

State Department, U.S., 3, 12, 16, 145, 252

Staunton, Howard, 201

Stein, Leonid, 45, 62, 200

Stein, Richard, 162, 171, 173, 224

Steiner, George, 71, 77, 133–34

Steinitz, Wilhelm, 78

Suslov, Mikhail, 276, 301

Szabo, Laszlo, 41

T

Taimanov, Igor, 87

Taimanov, Mark, 29, 38, 40, 62, 74, 80, 83, 96, 104–5, 131, 205, 253, 287, 310

Fischer match with, 86–93

Tal, Mikhail, 22, 25, 30, 38, 43, 45, 46, 53, 62, 80, 88, 105, 121, 184, 200, 204, 290, 310

Targ, Joan Fischer, 4, 5, 8, 221, 306

Tarrasch, Siegbert, 35

TASS (news agency), 129, 137, 273–74

Thorarinsson, Gudmundur, 124, 127, 128, 138–42, 144, 145, 147, 151–52, 154, 157–58, 161, 163, 164, 170, 171, 180, 183, 197. 201, 237, 281–83, 309

Thorarinsson, Johann, 124

Thordarson, Ulvar, 209–10

Thorsteinsdottir, Anna, 283–84

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