David Edmonds - Bobby Fischer Goes to War

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In the summer of 1972, with a presidential crisis stirring in the United States and the cold war at a pivotal point, two men—the Soviet world chess champion Boris Spassky and his American challenger Bobby Fischer—met in the most notorious chess match of all time. Their showdown in Reykjavik, Iceland, held the world spellbound for two months with reports of psychological warfare, ultimatums, political intrigue, cliffhangers, and farce to rival a Marx Brothers film.
Thirty years later, David Edmonds and John Eidinow, authors of the national bestseller
, have set out to reexamine the story we recollect as the quintessential cold war clash between a lone American star and the Soviet chess machine—a machine that had delivered the world title to the Kremlin for decades. Drawing upon unpublished Soviet and U.S. records, the authors reconstruct the full and incredible saga, one far more poignant and layered than hitherto believed.
Against the backdrop of superpower politics, the authors recount the careers and personalities of Boris Spassky, the product of Stalin’s imperium, and Bobby Fischer, a child of post-World War II America, an era of economic boom at home and communist containment abroad. The two men had nothing in common but their gift for chess, and the disparity of their outlook and values conditioned the struggle over the board.
Then there was the match itself, which produced both creative masterpieces and some of the most improbable gaffes in chess history. And finally, there was the dramatic and protracted off-the-board battle—in corridors and foyers, in back rooms and hotel suites, in Moscow offices and in the White House.
The authors chronicle how Fischer, a manipulative, dysfunctional genius, risked all to seize control of the contest as the organizers maneuvered frantically to save it—under the eyes of the world’s press. They can now tell the inside story of Moscow’s response, and the bitter tensions within the Soviet camp as the anxious and frustrated
strove to prop up Boris Spassky, the most un-Soviet of their champions—fun-loving, sensitive, and a free spirit. Edmonds and Eidinow follow this careering, behind-the-scenes confrontation to its climax: a clash that displayed the cultural differences between the dynamic, media-savvy representatives of the West and the baffled, impotent Soviets. Try as they might, even the KGB couldn’t help.
A mesmerizing narrative of brilliance and triumph, hubris and despair,
is a biting deconstruction of the Bobby Fischer myth, a nuanced study on the art of brinkmanship, and a revelatory cold war tragicomedy.

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psychology of, 9, 12, 13–14, 18, 20–30, 77–80, 184–85

recreations of, 20

religion and, 15, 179, 223, 301–2

“retirements” from competition by, 16, 18, 82

relaxation routines of, 221–22

single-minded chess focus of, 6–21

Soviets’ views of, 21

Spassky similarities with, 32

suspicious of Soviets, 13, 26, 257

U.S. championship, 8, 10, 15–16, 17

women, attitude toward, 25

world championship, 247, 280–85, 287, 295–301

world championship qualifying

matches, 84–89, 92–98

See also Fischer-Spassky competition

Fischer, Gerhardt (father), 4, 306

Fischer, Joan (sister). See Targ, Joan Fischer

Fischer, Regina (mother), 4–8, 10, 12, 26–27, 29

FBI file on, 306, 313–21

Fischer-Spassky competition

background to championship match, 1, 99–121, 123, 124–61, 163–65

championship match, 1–3, 26, 56, 57–58, 66, 162, 165–85, 189–91, 197–210, 211, 216–20, 221, 233–36, 240–47, 254, 260–61, 266, 273–75, 309–11

choice of site, 123–29

cold war context of, 176, 227, 239, 270–80, 308–9

cultural impact of championship match, 225–32, 307–9

first tournament, 12–13

Fischer’s apology letter and, 160–61

nonchampionship matches, 12–13, 17, 22, 83–84

rematch (1992), 304–5

Spassky’s view of Fischer and, 30, 295

Flea House (N.Y.C.), 7

Flohr, Salo, 90

Forte, Chet, 201

Fox, Chester, 162–63, 167, 169–70, 173, 178, 183, 201, 205, 211, 220–21, 223–24, 283

Freudian psychology, 78–79

Fried Chicken tournament, 299

From Russia with Love (film), 239–40

Frost, David, 128, 148

Furman, Semion, 40, 200

G

Gagarin, Yuri, 168

game theory, 186–90

Garment, Leonard, 298

Geller, Efim, 13, 28, 44, 46, 62, 86, 87, 105, 106, 113, 116, 118–20, 133, 147, 158, 168, 174, 240, 243, 244, 246, 250, 251, 258, 262, 263, 265, 266, 273, 287, 288, 310

press statement by, 237–39, 240

Geller, Oksana, 250

Germany, 37, 54–55

Gestsson, Gissli, 169–70, 175, 272

Gipslis, Aivar, 18

Glaesibaer (chess club), 196

Glazer, Joe, 229

Gligoric, Svetozar, 86, 141, 192, 205, 221, 228, 243, 244, 307

Golobev, Anatoli, 103

Golombek, Harry, 47, 82, 83, 163, 166, 183–84, 189, 202, 235, 236, 282

Goncharov, Boris, 261, 263

Gorbachev, Mikhail, 58

Gordievsky, Oleg, 249

GosKomSport. See Sports Committee

Gostiev, Viktor, 261, 262

Grand Strategy (van Reek), 38, 40, 47, 60–61, 116

Great Britain, 140, 227–30, 308

Great Soviet Encyclopedia, The, 66–67

Great Terror, 33, 51

Greco, Gioacchino, 197

Gromyko, Andrei, 278

Grossinger’s (resort), 127, 131–32

Grossman, Vasili, 55

Grumette, Lina, 26, 179, 221

Gudbjarnason, Sigmundur, 241–42

Gufeld, Edouard, 53

H

Haig, Alexander, 298

Haldeman, H. R., 188–89

Hallgrimsson, Geir, 138

Hartston, Bill, 78, 227

Hassan, Lome, 201, 205

Hastings (tournament), 148

Hawthorne Chess Club, 6

Hearst, Eliot, 30

Helms, Hermann, 6

Helms, Richard, 271

Hingley, Ronald, 56–57

Hitler, Adolf, 26, 34, 189, 305

“Holy Fool” figure, 67–68

Hoover, J. Edgar, 306

Hope, Bob, 297, 298

Hort, Vlastimil, 86, 294

Hübner, Robert, 86, 87

Huntington, Samuel P., 277

I

Iceland, 13, 122–29, 132–33, 138–46, 163, 176, 180, 191–96, 244

Icelandic Chess Federation, 124, 127, 134–35, 162, 170–73, 180, 186, 200–201, 203, 216, 219, 221, 224, 235, 239, 242, 311

Iliin-Zhenevskii, Aleksandr Fiodorvich, 35–36

In Confidence (Dobrynin), 276

International Chess Federation, 37, 300

International Institute for Strategic Studies, 276–77

Interzonals, 9, 10, 19, 43, 82, 85–87

Amsterdam (1964), 16, 45

Palma (1970), 189

Sousse (1967), 17–18, 190

Stockholm (1962), 13

Ivonin, Viktor, 62, 64, 67, 99, 101–3, 105, 107–10, 113, 116–19, 121, 126, 147, 150, 155, 156, 167–68, 177–78, 180, 184, 200, 202, 255, 256, 261–63, 267, 268, 287–92, 294

Ivushkina, Aleksandra, 116

J

Jackovich, Victor, 156–57, 221–22, 247, 257, 271

Janosevic, Dragoljub, 192

Jews, 15, 27, 37, 170. See also anti-Semitism

Johannesson, Olafur, 124, 138, 141, 143, 146, 154

Johannsson, Freysteinn, 135

Johnson, Lyndon, 11

Jones, Ernest, 78

Josefsson, Gunnlaugur, 221

K

Kahn, Herman, 188, 190

Kaiser, Robert, 274

Karpov, Anatoli, 99, 107, 113, 166, 184, 197, 259, 292, 299–301, 304

Kashdan, Isaac, 233

Kasparov, Garry, 259, 301, 304, 308, 310

Kavalek, Lubomir, 192

Kazantsev, Comrade, 65–66

Keflavik air base, 142, 257, 305

Keres, Paul, 13, 37, 46, 65, 68, 106, 121, 200, 310

KGB, 61, 63, 64, 65, 106, 113, 253, 254, 255, 257–64, 267

Khrushchev, Nikita, 8, 51, 55–56, 110

King, Martin Luther, Jr., 11

Kissinger, Henry, 189, 230, 270, 276, 278, 296, 298

phone calls to Fischer by, 143–44, 148, 150, 175, 276

Kline, Harold, 6

Kmoch, Hans, 226

Koestler, Arthur, 1, 24, 72, 270

Komsomol, 39, 63, 102

Korbut, Olga, 232, 299

Korchnoi, Viktor, 13, 34, 46, 58, 67, 80, 86, 87, 93, 120, 121, 177, 200, 294–95, 300, 301, 310

Kosygin, Andrei, 51, 109

Kotov, Aleksandr, 33, 88, 91, 104–5, 253

Krogius, Nikolai, 21, 61, 62, 65, 68, 105, 106, 107, 113, 117, 118, 120–21, 133, 147, 174, 202, 217–18, 251, 254, 255, 258, 260, 262–67, 273, 287, 288, 291–92

Krylenko, Nikolai, 36, 58

Kulakov, Fiodor, 52

Kurtis, Donald, 272

L

Ladbrokes of London, 229

Larsen, Bent, 21, 28, 29, 45, 46, 47, 83, 86, 87, 92–93, 96, 104, 105, 131, 192, 205, 206, 219–20, 253, 310

Lasker, Emanuel, 35, 74, 310

Latyntseva, Nadezhda, 44

Lawson, Dominic, 79

Laxness, Halldor, 142–43

Lenin, V. I., 35, 36, 39, 63, 68

Leningrad, 33–35, 40, 54–55, 58–61, 124, 133

Leone, Sebastian, 295

Levenfish, Grigori, 40

Levy, David, 196, 302, 307

Lindsay, John, 226, 295

Litvinov, Viktor, 259

Lockhart, Bruce, 36

Loftleidir hotel, 153, 175, 198–99, 282

Lombardy, William, 6, 43, 133–34, 156, 160, 167, 171, 175, 209, 220, 222, 223

Lopez, Ruy, 133

Lvov, Comrade, 262

Lyman, Shelby, 226, 227

M

MacNeice, Louis, 122, 191

madman theory, 188–89

Magnusson, Gunnar, 164

Makarova, Vera, 130

Manhattan Chess Club, 6

Mannusson, Pitur, 194

Marshall, Bette, 150–51, 258

Marshall, Frank, 35

Marshall, Paul, 128, 129, 133–35, 148–51, 154, 157, 158, 160, 161, 163, 171, 175–76, 179–80, 184–85, 216, 257–58, 266, 290, 297, 309

Marshall Club, 7, 227

“Match of the Century,” 2

mathematics, chess and, 74–75

May, Karl, 137

Mecking, Henrique, 86

Mednis, Edmar, 227, 308

Melen’tiev, Stanislav, 206–7, 268

Merridale, Catherine, 51, 54

Metropolitan Museum (N.Y.C.), 228

Moeller, Baldur, 174, 178

Mokarow, Claudia, 302

Morphy, Paul, 77, 78

Morris, Joe Alex, Jr., 193, 194

Moscow Central Chess Club, 9, 259

Moscow Chess (magazine), 114

Motley, Constance Baker, 224

Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 73

Munich Olympics (1972), 232

musicians, chess and, 73–74

My 60 Memorable Games (Fischer), 12–13

N

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