David Edmonds - Bobby Fischer Goes to War

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In the summer of 1972, with a presidential crisis stirring in the United States and the cold war at a pivotal point, two men—the Soviet world chess champion Boris Spassky and his American challenger Bobby Fischer—met in the most notorious chess match of all time. Their showdown in Reykjavik, Iceland, held the world spellbound for two months with reports of psychological warfare, ultimatums, political intrigue, cliffhangers, and farce to rival a Marx Brothers film.
Thirty years later, David Edmonds and John Eidinow, authors of the national bestseller
, have set out to reexamine the story we recollect as the quintessential cold war clash between a lone American star and the Soviet chess machine—a machine that had delivered the world title to the Kremlin for decades. Drawing upon unpublished Soviet and U.S. records, the authors reconstruct the full and incredible saga, one far more poignant and layered than hitherto believed.
Against the backdrop of superpower politics, the authors recount the careers and personalities of Boris Spassky, the product of Stalin’s imperium, and Bobby Fischer, a child of post-World War II America, an era of economic boom at home and communist containment abroad. The two men had nothing in common but their gift for chess, and the disparity of their outlook and values conditioned the struggle over the board.
Then there was the match itself, which produced both creative masterpieces and some of the most improbable gaffes in chess history. And finally, there was the dramatic and protracted off-the-board battle—in corridors and foyers, in back rooms and hotel suites, in Moscow offices and in the White House.
The authors chronicle how Fischer, a manipulative, dysfunctional genius, risked all to seize control of the contest as the organizers maneuvered frantically to save it—under the eyes of the world’s press. They can now tell the inside story of Moscow’s response, and the bitter tensions within the Soviet camp as the anxious and frustrated
strove to prop up Boris Spassky, the most un-Soviet of their champions—fun-loving, sensitive, and a free spirit. Edmonds and Eidinow follow this careering, behind-the-scenes confrontation to its climax: a clash that displayed the cultural differences between the dynamic, media-savvy representatives of the West and the baffled, impotent Soviets. Try as they might, even the KGB couldn’t help.
A mesmerizing narrative of brilliance and triumph, hubris and despair,
is a biting deconstruction of the Bobby Fischer myth, a nuanced study on the art of brinkmanship, and a revelatory cold war tragicomedy.

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United States Chess Federation (USCF)—Responsible for organized chess in the United States.

USSR Council of Ministers Committee for Physical Training and Sport (GosKomSport)—In effect, the Sports Ministry, coming under the jurisdiction of the Council of Ministers. Constitutionally, GosKomSport was part of the government but in practice was answerable to the corresponding Central Committee department. It ran chess through its chess committee, the Central Chess Club, and the USSR Chess Federation. (Referred to here as the Sports Committee.)

INDEX

The pagination of this electronic edition does not match the edition from which it was created. To locate a specific passage, please use the search feature of your ebook reader.

A

ABC (TV network), 201, 205

Abramov, Lev, 9, 21, 37–38, 52–53, 62, 64, 276

Addison, William, 82

Agnew, Spiro, 230

Agustsson, Dadi, 164

Alekhine, Alexander, 35, 37, 40, 70–71, 73, 244, 310

Alekhine Memorial (tournament), 107

Alexander, C. H. O’D., 166, 209

Ali, Muhammad, 11, 301

All the President’s Men (film), 231

All-Union Chess Section, 36

Andersson, Benny, 308

Andrew, Christopher, 249

Andropov, Yuri, 261

Angola, 293

anti-Semitism, 26–27, 37, 61, 305, 306

Appolonov, General, 292

Arledge, Roone, 205

Armstrong, Herbert, 15

Arnarson, Ingolfur, 122

Arnlaugsson, Gudmundur, 174, 175, 242

Astavin, Sergei, 154, 184, 250, 256, 257

Atom Station, The (Laxness), 142–43

Auden, W. H., 122, 191

Augustin, Dadi, 241, 242

Auto-da-Fé (Canetti), 31–32

Averbakh, Yuri, 7, 19–20, 62, 68, 118, 120, 259, 289

B

Bakhtin, Mikhail, 59–60

Balashov, Yuri, 88

Baldursson, Curt, 178

Barden, Leonard, 148, 149, 227

Barreras, José Luis, 16

Baturinskii, Viktor, 56, 58, 62, 64–66, 68, 92, 95, 99, 104, 107–10, 114–17, 121, 147, 253, 255, 260, 265, 289–92

BBC, 70, 153–54, 227

Bebchuk, Yevgeni, 57, 67, 118

Beilin, Mikhail, 43, 54, 64, 65, 66, 103, 106, 113, 120, 121

Benko, Pal, 14, 82, 85

Benson, Harry, 246, 285

Bernstein, Carl, 231

Bernstein, Sid, 205

Bezold, Michael, 73, 303–4

Bisguier, Arthur, 13–14

Biyiasas, Peter, 302

Bjelica, Dimitri, 25, 26, 205, 244

Bjornsson, Thorsteinn, 164

Black Power, 11

Black September, 232

Boikov, V. I., 291

Boleslavskii, Isaac, 99, 113, 121, 182

Bolshevik revolution (1917), 35, 61

Bond, James (fictional character), 239

Bondarevskii, Igor, 40, 44–45, 63, 101, 102, 105–7, 114, 116–20, 166, 288–89, 294

Borzov, Valeri, 275

Botvinnik, Mikhail, 24, 40, 46, 64, 80, 107, 114, 121, 184, 225, 253, 287

analysis of Fischer’s play by, 88

Botvinnik, Mikhail

Soviet world chess championship and, 37, 38

Brady, Frank, 20–21, 24, 30, 182, 184

Brandt, Willy, 84

Brezhnev, Leonid, 50, 51–52, 55, 68, 102, 109, 110, 230, 261, 276–79, 292, 293

Bronstein, David, 12, 40, 53, 63, 208, 209, 240, 274

Brooklyn Chess Club, 6

Brothers Karamazov, The (Dostoyevsky), 60

Brown, Archie, 50, 52

Browne, Walter, 29

Bruk, Liubov, 87

Bubnov, Viktor, 260

Buchwald, Art, 271

Burke, James, 153, 154, 272

Bykova, Elizaveta, 255

Byrne, Donald, 7, 226

Byrne, Robert, 6, 23, 166, 192, 208, 221, 235, 236, 266–67, 292–93

C

Camp David (Md.), 55–56

Candidates (tournament), 9, 10, 13–14, 21–23, 29, 42–47, 82, 86–89, 106, 123, 137, 292–95, 300

Canetti, Elias, 31–32

Capablanca, José, 31, 35, 73, 198, 244, 310

Capablanca Memorial (tournament), 16

Castro, Fidel, 16–17

Central Committee. See Communist

Party

Chamanin, Valeri, 158, 272–73

Chebrikov, Viktor, 261

Chen Tung, 282

chess, 24, 70–81

aesthetics of, 74–75

boom interest in, 228–30, 307–9

importance in Soviet Union, 8, 35–38, 52–58, 89–92

player mentality, 77–80

See also World Chess Championship;

specific tournaments

Chess (musical), 308

Chess, Anita, 229

Chess Digest (magazine), 130

Chess Fever (film), 198

Chess Olympiad, 17, 24, 25, 53, 63, 75, 83, 85, 295, 300

“chicken” (suicidal game), 188–90

China, 52, 282

Church, George, 299

CIA, 143, 260

civil rights movement, 11

Clarke, P. H., 89

cold war, 176, 227, 239, 270–80, 308–9

Collins, Jack, 6, 30, 221

Communist Party, Soviet, 50–54, 57, 58, 61–66, 129, 301

chess governance by, 37–38, 50, 52, 57

Spassky—Fischer match problems and, 155, 260–61

Spassky’s defeat and, 287, 290–93

Spassky’s nonmembership in, 61–62

Spassky training plan and, 109–13

youth league, 39, 63, 102

Corn, Ira G., 296

Corriere della Sera, 228

counterculture, 11

Cramer, Fred, 133, 136–37, 141, 146, 159–60, 165, 173–76, 198–200, 203, 205–6, 210–14, 218, 223, 224, 235–37, 241, 243, 251, 281, 282, 300

Cuba, 7, 16–17, 279

“Cue Fanfare” (song), 308–9

Czechoslovakia, 63

D

Darrach, Brad, 133, 145, 146, 160, 161, 173, 212, 272–73

Davies, Norman, 54–55

Davis, Andrew, 132–36, 138–39, 145–46, 154, 171–74, 179

Davis, Angela, 63–65

Dean, James, 20, 188

de Groot, Adrian, 75–76

Demichev, Piotr, 109, 110, 112, 113, 155, 287

détente, 275–80

Dime Savings Bank, 229

Dobrynin, Anatoli, 55, 143, 175, 276

Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, 50, 58–60, 61, 295

Duchamp, Marcel, 75

Dymarskii, Naum, 91, 180

E

Edmondson, Ed, 84–86, 89, 95, 123, 126, 127, 129, 131, 133, 137, 159, 171, 212, 213, 300, 301

Ehrenburg, Ilya, 35

Eldjarn, Kristjan, 138, 193

Ellsberg, Daniel, 189, 230

Elo, Arpad, 212

Erasmus Hall High School, 10, 24

Euwe, Max, 37, 70, 73, 74, 76, 90, 123, 125–29, 138, 139, 146–47, 154, 157, 158–60, 178, 235, 246, 266, 281, 282, 289

Evans, Larry, 89, 132, 192, 205, 225, 236, 296, 297

F

FBI, 3, 306, 313–21

FIDE (Fédération Internationale des

Échecs), 85, 100, 114, 116, 124–28, 146–47, 154, 155, 158, 178, 186, 190, 212, 274, 300–301

Fields of Force (Steiner), 71

Fine, Reuben, 78–79, 182

Fischer, Bobby, 4–32, 45, 46, 56, 70, 74

anti-Semitism of, 26–27, 305, 306

background and youth of, 4–14

Botvinnik analysis of moves of, 88

Castro answers Fischer’s objections to

match with Cubans, 16

Curaçao, visit to, 13

extra-chess intrigue and, 253, 254–55, 257, 261–64

as ex-world champion, 301–7

fee concerns of, 14–15, 16, 27, 29–30, 85–86, 124–25, 226

Fox’s legal suit against, 223–24

game theory and, 186–90

gentlemanly play by, 30–31

hate mechanism of, 26–27

Icelanders’ view of, 194, 195–96

Iceland viewed by, 122

imprisoned, 303

Internet chess and, 306

Karpov’s challenge and, 300–301

media portrayals of, 30

memory feats of, 25, 75

as “mimophant,” 24

Moscow, visit to, 8

opponents’ responses to, 22–24, 247–48, 254–55

playing conditions demands by, 14–15, 17, 21, 28, 30–31, 87, 95, 163–65, 169, 170–75, 178–81, 183, 186, 189, 197, 198, 200–201, 203–5, 208–9, 235, 236–37, 240, 243, 300

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