Jeremy Scahill - Dirty Wars

513 US drone strike:Reuters, “U.S. Drone Strike Kills Four in Yemen: Sources,” January 21, 2013.

513 more people had been killed:According to available estimates, in 2012 drone strikes killed at least 246 people in Pakistan, and at least 185 people in Yemen. In Somalia, there were only two confirmed strikes—although operations in Somalia are especially likely to go underreported—killing at least a dozen people. See Chris Woods, Jack Serle, and Alice K. Ross, “Emerging from the Shadows: US Covert Drone Strikes in 2012,” Bureau of Investigative Journalism , January 3, 2013. As of November 2012, there were 166 people in detention at Guantánamo Bay; see Associated Press, “Report Shows U.S. Jails Could House Guantanamo Detainees,” CBSNews.com, November 2012.

513 systematizing the kill list:Greg Miller, Ellen Nakashima, and Karen DeYoung, “CIA Drone Strikes Will Get Pass in Counterterrorism ‘Playbook,’ Officials Say,” Washington Post , January 19, 2013.

513 one hundred countries:Admiral William McRaven, Commander, US Special Operations Command, “Posture Statement,” prepared for the Senate Armed Services Committee, March 6, 2012.

513 nomination was scuttled:Pamela Hess (AP), “Potential CIA Chief Cites Critics in Ending Bid,” Seattle Times, November 26, 2008.

514 “playbook”:Miller, Nakashima, and DeYoung, “CIA Drone Strikes Will Get Pass.”

514 “now so routine”:Greg Miller, “Plan for Hunting Terrorists Signals U.S. Intends to Keep Adding Names to Kill Lists,” Washington Post , October 23, 2012. The following details of Brennan’s role and the “Disposition Matrix” are from the Washington Post article.

514 “white paper”:Department of Justice white paper, “Lawfulness of a Lethal Operation Directed Against a U.S. Citizen Who Is a Senior Operational Leader of Al-Qa’ida or An Associated Force,” obtained by NBC News, released February 4, 2013, http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/i/msnbc/sections/news/020413_DOJ_White_Paper.pdf.

514 “chilling document”:Michael Isikoff, “Exclusive: Justice Department Memo Reveals Legal Case for Drone Strikes on Americans,” NBCNews.com, February 4, 2013.

515 “This power is going to be available”:Transcript, “Kill List Exposed: Leaked Obama Memo Shows Assassination of U.S. Citizens ‘Has No Geographic Limit,’” Democracy Now!, February 5, 2013.

515 “I don’t oppose all wars”:Barack Obama, “Transcript: Obama’s Speech Against the Iraq War,” October 2, 2002, transcript available via NPR.org, www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=99591469.

515 “Ask Osama bin Laden”:Jim Kuhnhenn (AP), “Obama Answers Appeasement Charge: ‘Ask Bin Laden,’” AP Online, December 8, 2011.

515 2012 poll:Scott Wilson and Jon Cohen, “Poll Finds Broad Support for Obama’s Counterterrorism Policies,” WashingtonPost.com, February 8, 2012.

516 “I want to make sure that people understand”:“Obama Addresses Drone Strikes During ‘Hangout,’” YouTube video, 4:04, Obama response to question during Google+ video forum on January 30, 2012, posted by “TheDailyConversation,” January 30, 2012, www.youtube.com/watch?v=2rPMPMqOjKY.

516 “spinning the number of civilian casualties”:Michael J. Boyle, “The Costs and Consequences of Drone Warfare,” International Affairs 89 (1) (2013).

517 “It’s very important for the president”:Transcript, “Debate Night in America,” CNN, October 22, 2012.

517 “represents a betrayal”:Michael Boyle, “Obama’s Drone Wars and the Normalisation of Extrajudicial Murder,” op-ed, Guardian.co.uk, June 11, 2012.

517 ruled on the request:New York Times v. Department of Justice, and ACLU v. Department of Justice, 1:11-cv-09336-CM, “Corrected Opinion Granting the Government’s Motion for Summary Judgment and Denying Plaintiffs’ Cross Motion for Summary Judgment by Judge Colleen McMahon” (DCSNY January 3, 2013). The New York Times and the ACLU filed two distinct but similar suits in 2012 that were ultimately combined.

518 “winning or losing”:Donald Rumsfeld, memorandum for Gen. Richard Myers, Paul Wolfowitz, Gen. Peter Pace, and Douglas Feith, “Subject: The Global War on Terrorism,” October 16, 2003, published in full by USAToday.com, May 20, 2005.

519 “adverse strategic effects”:Boyle, “The Costs and Consequences of Drone Warfare.”

519 “there’s no country on Earth”:Transcript, “Remarks by President Obama and Prime Minister Shinawatra in a Joint Press Conference,” Government House, Bangkok, Thailand, November 18, 2012.

519 “If I had to summarize”:Jeh Charles Johnson, “The Conflict Against Al Qaeda and Its Affiliates: How Will It End?” speech at Oxford University, November 30, 2012, full text of remarks available via Lawfare (blog), www.lawfareblog.com/2012/11/jeh-johnson-speech-at-the-oxford-union/#_ftn1. All statements attributed to Jeh Johnson come from the speech.

519 “secondary parties to murder”:Ravi Somaiya, “Drone Strike Prompts Suit, Raising Fears for U.S. Allies,” New York Times , January 30, 2013.

519 UN commission:Owen Bowcott, “UN to Investigate Civilian Deaths from US Drone Strikes,” Guardian.co.uk, October 25, 2012.

520 “encouraging a new arms race”:Boyle, “The Costs and Consequences of Drone Warfare.”

520 “Western democracies”:Ben Emmerson, “Statement by UN Special Rapporteur on Counter-Terrorism and Human Rights Concerning the Launch of an Inquiry into the Civilian Impact, and Human Rights Implications of the Use [of] Drones and Other Forms of Targeted Killing for the Purpose of Counter-Terrorism and Counter-Insurgency,” news release from the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, January 1, 2012.

520 “We will defend our people”:Barack Obama, transcript, “Inaugural Address,” January 2013.

Abab, Adil al-, 460–461

Abbottabad compound. See under Bin Laden, Osama

Abdel-Aziz, Nayef bin, 278

Abdullah, Tariq (aka Talha al Sudani), 119, 127–128, 196

Abdulmutallab, Umar Farouk (“Underwear Bomber”), 317–321, 359, 363, 369, 379, 400–401, 506

Abdulsalam, Ali Abdullah (aka Mullah Zabara), 318, 465–467

Abizaid, John, 111, 138, 207–208

Able Danger (code name), 139

Abrams, Elliott, 7

Abu Ghraib prisoner-abuse scandal, 146, 148, 157, 160, 163, 191

“Abu Musab al-Zarqawi Slaughters an American” (Zarqawi video), 163

ACCMs. See Alternative Compartmentalized Control Measures

Ackerman, Spencer, 162, 330

ACLU. See American Civil Liberties Union

the Activity. See Intelligence Support Activity

Adam, Jean and Scott, 482–483

Adamson, Sierra, 510

Addington, David, 7, 24, 29, 88–89

Addou, Ibrahim Hassan, 300

Advance Force Operations (AFOs), 92

Afghan Ministry of Interior, 337–338, 339

Afghanistan, 3, 15, 270

al Qaeda in, 6, 328

and Awlaki, Anwar, 34, 42–43, 47

Black Jail, 331

Blackwater in, 177

and civilian casualties, protests against, 347

clandestine action in, 282, 283

Copper Green in, 146

cruise missile attacks in, 6, 126

drone strikes in, 17

insurgency, 349

and Iraq, and unified task force, 138