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Eli Pariser - The Filter Bubble

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Название:
The Filter Bubble
Автор:
Eli Pariser
Издательство:
The Penguin Press
Жанр:
Публицистика / Интернет / на английском языке
Год:
2011
Город:
New York
ISBN:
978-1-101-51512-9
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The Filter Bubble: краткое содержание, описание и аннотация

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An eye-opening account of how the hidden rise of personalization on the Internet is controlling—and limiting—the information we consume. In December 2009, Google began customizing its search results for each user. Instead of giving you the most broadly popular result, Google now tries to predict what you are most likely to click on. According to MoveOn.org board president Eli Pariser, Google’s change in policy is symptomatic of the most significant shift to take place on the Web in recent years—the rise of personalization. In this groundbreaking investigation of the new hidden Web, Pariser uncovers how this growing trend threatens to control how we consume and share information as a society—and reveals what we can do about it.
Though the phenomenon has gone largely undetected until now, personalized filters are sweeping the Web, creating individual universes of information for each of us. Facebook—the primary news source for an increasing number of Americans—prioritizes the links it believes will appeal to you so that if you are a liberal, you can expect to see only progressive links. Even an old-media bastion like
devotes the top of its home page to a news feed with the links your Facebook friends are sharing. Behind the scenes a burgeoning industry of data companies is tracking your personal information to sell to advertisers, from your political leanings to the color you painted your living room to the hiking boots you just browsed on Zappos.
In a personalized world, we will increasingly be typed and fed only news that is pleasant, familiar, and confirms our beliefs—and because these filters are invisible, we won’t know what is being hidden from us. Our past interests will determine what we are exposed to in the future, leaving less room for the unexpected encounters that spark creativity, innovation, and the democratic exchange of ideas.
While we all worry that the Internet is eroding privacy or shrinking our attention spans, Pariser uncovers a more pernicious and far-reaching trend on the Internet and shows how we can—and must—change course. With vivid detail and remarkable scope,
reveals how personalization undermines the Internet’s original purpose as an open platform for the spread of ideas and could leave us all in an isolated, echoing world.

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173 “hackers don’t tend to know any of that”:Steven Levy, “The Unabomber and David Gelernter,” New York Times, May 21, 1995, accessed Dec. 16, 2010, www.unabombers.com/News/95-11-21-NYT.htm.

174 “engineering relationships among people”:Langdon Winner, “Do Artifacts Have Politics?” Daedalus 109, no. 1 (Winter 1980): 121–36.

175 “code is law”:Lawrence Lessig, Code . (New York: Basic Books, 2006).

175 “choose structures for technologies”:Winner, “Do Artifacts Have Politics.”

176 Hacker Jargon File:The Jargon File, Version 4.4.7, Appendix B. A Portrait of J. Random Hacker, accessed Feb. 9, 2011, http://linux.rz.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/jrgon/html/politics.html.

177 “social utility” as if it’s a twenty-first-century phone company:Mark Zuckerberg executive bio, Facebook press room, accessed on Feb. 8, 2011, http://www.facebook.com/press/info.php?execbios.

178 “come to Google because they choose to”:Greg Jarboe, “A ‘Fireside Chat’ with Google’s Sergey Brin,” Search Engine Watch, Oct. 16, 2003, accessed Dec. 16,2010, http://searchenginewatch.com/3081081.

178 “the future will be personalized”:Gord Hotckiss, “Just Behave: Google’s Marissa Mayer on Personalized Search,” Searchengineland, Feb. 23, 2007, accessed Dec. 16, 2010, http://searchengineland.com/just-behave-googles-marissa-mayer-on-personalized-search-10592.

179 “It’s technology, not business or government”:David Kirpatrick, “With a Little Help from his Friends,” Vanity Fair (Oct. 2010), accessed Dec. 16, 2010, www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2010/10/sean-parker-201010.

179 “seventh kingdom of life”:Kevin Kelly, What Technology Wants (New York: Viking, 2010).

180 “shirt or fleece that I own”:Mark Zuckerberg, remarks to Startup School Conference, XConomy , Oct. 18, 2010, accessed Feb. 8, 2010, www.xconomy.com/san-francisco/2010/10/18/mark-zuckerberg-goes-to-startup-school-video//.

181 “ ‘the rest of the world is wrong’”:David A. Wise and Mark Malseed, The Google Story (New York: Random House, 2005), 42.

182 “tradeoffs with success in other domains”:Jeffrey M. O’Brien, “The PayPal Mafia,” Fortune, Nov. 14, 2007, accessed Dec. 16, 2010, http://money.cnn.com/2007/11/13/magazines/fortune/paypal_mafia.fortune/index2.htm.

183 sold to eBay for $1.5 billion:Troy Wolverton, “It’s official: eBay Weds PayPal,” CNET News, Oct. 3, 2002, accessed Dec. 16, 2010, http://news.cnet.com/Its-official-eBay-weds-PayPal/2100-1017_3-960658.html.

183 “impact and force change”:Peter Thie, “Education of a Libertarian,” Cato Unbound , Apr. 13, 2009, accessed Dec. 16, 2010, www.cato-unbound.org/2009/04/13/peter-thiel/the-education-of-a-libertarian.

183 “end the inevitability of death and taxes”:Chris Baker, “Live Free or Drown: Floating Utopias on the Cheap,” Wired, Jan. 19, 2009, accessed Dec. 16, 2010, www.wired.com/techbiz/startups/magazine/17-02/mf_seasteading?currentPage=all.

183 “ ‘capitalist democracy’ into an oxymoron”:Thiel, “Education of a Libertarian.”

184 “makes a living being against computers”:Nicholas Carlson, “Peter Thiel Says Don’t Piss Off the Robots (or Bet on a Recovery),” Business Insider, Nov. 18, 2009, accessed Dec. 16, 2010, www.businessinsider.com/peter-thiel-on-obama-ai-and-why-he-rents-his-mansion-2009-11#.

184 “which technologies to foster”:Ronald Bailey, “Technology Is at the Center,” Reason.com, May 2008, accessed Dec. 16, 2010, http://reason.com/archives/2008/05/01/technology-is-at-the-center/singlepage.

184 “way I think about the business”:Deepak Gopinath, “PayPal’s Thiel Scores 230 Percent Gain with Soros-Style Fund,” CanadianHedgeWatch .com , Dec. 4, 2006, accessed Jan. 30, 2011, at www.canadianhedgewatch.com/content/news/general/?id=1169.

184 “that voting will make things better”:Peter Thiel, “Your Suffrage Isn’t in Danger. Your Other Rights Are,” Cato Unbound, May 1, 2009, accessed Dec. 16, 2010, www.cato-unbound.org/2009/05/01/peter-thiel/your-suffrage-isnt-in-danger-your-other-rights-are.

185 talked to Scott Heiferman:Interview with author, New York, NY, Oct. 5, 2010.

188 “good or bad, nor is it neutral”:Melvin Kranzberg, “Technology and History: ‘Kranzberg’s Laws,’” Technology and Culture 27, no. 3 (1986): 544–60.

Chapter Seven: What You Want, Whether You Want It or Not

189 “millions of people doing complicated things”:Noah Wardrip-Fruin and Nick Montfort, The New Media Reader, Vol. 1 (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2003), 8.

189 “yet to be completely correlated”:Isaac Asimov, The Intelligent Man’s Guide to Science (New York: Basic Books, 1965),

190 “you’ve got a problem”:Bill Jay, phone interview with author, Oct. 10, 2010.

191 ads tailored to her:Jason Mick, “Tokyo’s ‘Minority Report’ Ad Boards Scan Viewer’s Sex and Age,” Daily Tech, July 16, 2010, accessed Dec. 17, 2010, www.dailytech.com/Tokyos+Minority+Report+Ad+Boards+Scan+Viewers+Sex+and+Age/article19063.htm.

191 the future of art:David Shields, Reality Hunger: A Manifesto (New York: Knopf, 2010). Credit to Michiko Kakutani, whose review led me to this book.

193 interrogated by a virtual agent:M. Ryan Calo, “People Can Be So Fake: A New Dimension to Privacy and Technology Scholarship,” Penn State Law Review 114 , no. 3 (2010): 810–55.

193 Kismet increased donations by 30 percent:Vanessa Woods, “Pay Up, You Are Being Watched,” New Scientist, Mar. 18, 2005, accessed Dec. 17, 2010, www.newscientist.com/article/dn7144-pay-up-you-are-being-watched.html.

193 “Computers programmed to be polite”:Calo, “People Can Be So Fake.”

194 “not evolved to twentieth-century technology”:Ibid.

195 identity and criminal record in seconds:Maureen Boyle, “Video: Catching Criminals? Brockton Cops Have an App for That,” Brockton Patriot Ledger, June 15, 2010, accessed Dec. 17, 2010, www.patriotledger.com/news/cops_and_courts/x1602636300/Catching-criminals-Cops-have-an-app-for-that.

195 “other images of you with ninety-five percent accuracy”:Jerome Taylor, “Google Chief: My Fears for Generation Facebook,” Independent, Aug. 18, 2010, accessed Dec. 17, 2010, www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/google-chief-my-fears-for-generation-facebook-2055390.html.

197 “The future is already here”:William Gibson, interview on NPR’s Fresh Air, Aug. 31, 1993, accessed Dec. 17, 2010, www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1107153.

197 your identity already tagged:“RFID Bracelet Brings Facebook to the Real World,” Aug. 20, 2010, accessed Dec. 17, 2010, www.psfk.com/2010/08/rfid-bracelet-brings-facebook-to-the-real-world.html.

198 “real world that can be indexed”:Reihan Salam, “Why Amazon Will Win the Internet,” Forbes, July 30, 2010, accessed Dec. 17, 2010, www.forbes.com/2010/07/30/amazon-kindle-economy-environment-opinions-columnists-reihan-salam.html.