C. Chivers - The Gun

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The Gun: краткое содержание, описание и аннотация

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At a secret arms-design contest in Stalin’s Soviet Union, army technicians submitted a stubby rifle with a curved magazine. Dubbed the AK-47, it was selected as the Eastern Bloc’s standard arm. Scoffed at in the Pentagon as crude and unimpressive, it was in fact a breakthrough—a compact automatic that could be mastered by almost anyone, last decades in the field, and would rarely jam. Manufactured by tens of millions in planned economies, it became first an instrument of repression and then the most lethal weapon of the Cold War. Soon it was in the hands of terrorists.
In a searing examination of modern conflict and official folly, C. J. Chivers mixes meticulous historical research, investigative reporting, and battlefield reportage to illuminate the origins of the world’s most abundant firearm and the consequences of its spread. The result, a tour de force of history and storytelling, sweeps through the miniaturization and distribution of automatic firepower, and puts an iconic object in fuller context than ever before.
The Gun
The Gun
Throughout,
animates unforgettable characters—inventors, salesmen, heroes, megalomaniacs, racists, dictators, gunrunners, terrorists, child soldiers, government careerists, and fools. Drawing from years of research, interviews, and from declassified records revealed for the first time, he presents a richly human account of an evolution in the very experience of war.

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on asymmetric war, 14

atomic bomb and, 144

M-16 and, 269–71, 292–93, 295, 303–5, 307, 313, 319, 323, 330–34, 415–16

purchase prices of AK rifles for, 386

systems analysis in, 271

see also War Department, U.S.

Degtyarev, Vasily A., 158, 185, 188, 192–95

and AK-47 design and development, 185, 193–94

Deikin, Vladimir S., 188, 191, 192

Dementyev, Aleksandr A., 187

DeMille, Roy, 312–13

Deutsche Waffen and Munitions Fabrik, 119

Dogali, 81–83

Dominick, Peter H., 315

Dong Van Khuyen, 332

Dragunov, Evgeny Fedorovich, 16, 166 n , 244, 364, 433 n , 436 n

Dubcek, Alexander, 348

Dulles, Allen, 237, 238

Dyer, Alexander B., 38–39, 41

Dziemian, Arthur J., 285–88

E

East Germany, see German Democratic Republic

East Panlung, Japanese assault on, 115

Edison, Thomas, 68, 71

Edwards, William B., 257–58, 437 n

Egypt, 56, 78, 354–55, 357–58

and AK and AK-type rifle production and distribution, 12–13, 16, 250, 341, 349, 357, 387, 390–91

in fighting at Omdurman, 97, 129–30

Gatling guns sold to, 42

Israeli peace treaty with, 358

Israeli wars with, 12, 216, 341, 355, 358

Sadat’s assassination in, 10, 354, 358

Soviet relations with, 216–17

and terrorist attacks on Israel, 349–50, 358

Elizarov, Nikolai, 166

Elrod, Claude E.:

Chervenak’s letter and, 321, 323

Vietnam and, 266–67, 317, 321, 323, 335–36

El Salvador, war in, 363–64

Encyclopedia of Arms (Fedorov), 180

Engels, Friedrich, 201

ERMA, 246

Ethiopia, Italian campaign in, 81–82

F

Fabrique-Nationale de Herstal (FN), 258, 364, 444 n

Fairchild Engine & Airplane Corporation, 274–75, 277, 278 n , 296

FAL, 364, 444 n

Fallows, James, 326 n

Farabundo Martí Liberation Front (FMLN), 363–64

FARC (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia), 384

Farouk I, King of Egypt, 349, 358

Fatah, 10, 350

Fechter, Peter, 346–48

fedayeen, 349–50, 358, 384–85

Fedorov, Vladimir Grigorevich, 180, 185

automatic rifle ammunition and, 165–66

automatic rifle of, 138, 165–68, 193

F.E.G., 399

Fejes, József Tibor, 236–42

AK-47 of, 225–27, 237, 239–42, 383

arrest and trial of, 240–41

execution of, 242

and Soviet invasion of Hungary, 238–39

Fieschi, Giuseppe, 27, 390

Finland, 9, 12, 166, 248–51 257FMLN (Farabundo Martí Liberation Front), 363–64

FN (Fabrique-Nationale de Herstal), 258, 364, 444 n

Folger, William, 54–55

Fosbery, G. V., 44–45, 55–56

France, 103, 109–10, 252

and AK-47 production and distribution, 338, 340 n

in Franco-Prussian War, 44–46, 53–55, 65, 110

and Maxim gun marketing and sales, 83, 421 n

Maxim gun production in, 89

mitrailleur of, 43–46, 55, 421 n

rifle cartridges of, 161

weapons stockpiling and, 355

in World War I, 118, 122, 124–25, 127, 130–32, 246

in World War II, 161

Franco-Prussian War, 44–46, 53–55, 65

casualties in, 45, 110

Fremont, Robert D., 299, 303, 331

Frink, Otis, 26, 418 n

G

G-3, 384 n

Galil, 444 n

Galileo, 406

Galili, Yisrael, 12, 444 n

Garand, John C., 202

AK-46 design and, 192

M1 of, see M1 Garand

Gardner, William, 64–66, 390

Gardner gun, 51, 91, 109

ammunition of, 68, 81

and battle at Abu Klea, 79–81, 83

casualties inflicted by, 80–81

competition of, 64–66, 83

design of, 75, 81

jamming of, 80–81, 83, 112, 299

marketing and sales of, 83

production of, 66, 299

size and weight of, 83

tests of, 53, 66

Gatling, Richard J., 40–43, 111, 136, 209, 228, 369, 390, 392

alleged Confederate sympathies of, 33, 419 n

Ashanti War and, 54

and casualties inflicted by Gatling gun, 63

Civil War and, 35, 418 n

death of, 109

finances of, 50–53, 56–57, 109, 149, 160

Gardner’s rivalry with, 66

in Gatling gun design and development, 8, 25–26, 28–29, 31, 33, 42, 52–53, 69, 76, 88, 107, 160, 234, 387, 418 n

Gatling gun patent and, 26, 28, 33–34

Gatling gun production and, 30–31, 37

in Gatling gun promotion and sales, 25–27, 31–33, 34–38, 40, 43, 47, 51–54, 56–57, 66–67, 91, 149, 160, 202, 421 n –22 n

Gatling gun tests and, 41–42, 50, 53

Nobel’s quarrels with, 51–52, 55, 74

Gatling gun, 25–67, 90–97, 111–12, 136

accuracy of, 29–30

ammunition of, 29, 31–32, 36, 38, 40–42, 46, 50, 52, 67, 88, 90, 92–93, 95

Ashanti war and, 47–48, 54, 56, 78

casualties inflicted by, 48, 50, 57–58, 63–64, 95, 111

Civil War and, 25–26, 30–33, 35–37, 91, 94, 112

competition of, 43–46, 51, 53, 55–57, 64–67, 83–84, 87–88

decline of, 87–88, 109

design and development of, 8, 25–26, 28–29, 31, 33, 35, 39, 42–43, 49, 52–53, 69, 75–76, 82, 88, 107, 153–54, 160, 234, 387, 418 n , 420 n

effectiveness and reliability of, 29, 39–40, 65, 96–97

ferocity and power of, 41–42, 47–48, 92

finances of, 93

Fosbery on, 55–56

in Franco-Prussian War, 44, 53–54

in Indian wars, 60–62, 64, 90, 93, 425 n

in Italian campaign in Ethiopia, 81–82

jamming of, 65, 67, 82–83, 94, 112, 299

miniaturization of, 88

patent of, 26, 28, 33–34

physical appearance of, 28–29

precursors of, 26–30

prison breaks prevented by, 91–92

production and distribution of, 25–27, 30–33, 35–43, 46–48, 51–58, 62–67, 78, 81–83, 88, 91–95, 97, 124, 149, 160, 167, 202, 277, 299, 421 n –22 n

prototypes of, 26, 30, 37

Roosevelt on, 96–97

size and weight of, 8, 30, 36, 56, 83, 88, 234

in Spanish-American War, 90, 92–93, 95–97, 229, 252

tactical uses of, 37, 41–42, 46, 52, 56, 61, 90, 93–94

tests and demonstrations of, 29–32, 37–44, 46–48, 50, 53, 66, 84, 425 n

training on, 90–91, 93–94

Yomuds repulsed by, 49, 57–58, 61

in Zulu War, 62–65, 83, 124

Gatling Gun Company, 39, 51–57

finances of, 51–53, 56–57, 87, 149

promotion and sales of, 41, 81–82, 88

Geary, John W., 36

GECO, 162, 166

Geddes, Sir Eric, 130

George I, King of Great Britain, 27

Georgia:

and collapse of Soviet Union, 365–66

M-4s used by, 385–86

purchase price of AK rifles in, 386

German Democratic Republic (East Germany), 214–15, 276

AK and AK-type rifles produced and distributed by, 12–13, 16, 215, 219–20, 245–48, 338, 346, 364

attempted escape from, 346–48

early use of AK-47s in, 219

popular uprising in, 9, 219–20, 222–23

weapons pilfering in, 366–67

weapons stockpiling and, 356, 366–67

German Empire:

automatic rifles used by, 138–40

and Maxim gun and Maxim gun knock-off production, 89–90, 102, 109, 117, 119

Maxim gun demonstration in, 84

Maxim guns used by, 119–21, 127–28, 130–31, 133–34, 426 n

special machine-gun units of, 112–13, 117, 134

submachine guns used by, 228

in World War I, 118–20, 123, 127–36, 138–40, 233, 246, 426 n

Germany, Federal Republic of (West Germany), 384 n

and AK-47 production and distribution, 346

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