Robert Harris - A Higher form of Killing

France 1–3, 4, 23, 28, 32, 38, 43–46, 50–52, 109–110, 138, 140, 165, 200–201, 221

Frankfurt 105

“Frankfurter” 115

Freedom of Information Act 80, 214

French, Sir John 5, 15

Fries, General 28

Fritzsche, Hans 86

Frucht, Adolf-Henning 226–228

fungu toxin 78

G agents 176–177 and see nerve gases

Gabcik, Josef 91, 94

Gas ! 34

gas gangrene 76, 79, 143

Gaswerfer 1918 33

Gelan 65

genetic code 252

Geneva Disarmament Committee 174

Geneva Disarmament Conference 81

Geneva Protocol

belligerents agree to abide by 108

British distrust of German commitment 83, 87, 108

British Porton research continues ‘under the rose’ 47

British willingness to break 116, 131, 136

BW included 75

Italy ignores 49–50

ratification 45–46

signing 45

text 45

US able to use CW by not having ratified 196–197

US change policy regarding 166–167

US not bound by in WW2 117

US ratifies 231

white phosphorus 124–125

George V, King 38

Germany

Allied fears of 109

anticrop warfare by Allies suspected 100

Arras, Battle of 22–23

Bari attack 121

‘beam’ attacks, reaction to 29–30

Blitzkreig 109–100

British and French fear of 51

British consider using CBW against 127–136

British fears of Germany’s BW 83–85, 87, 102

BW in WW1 74

BW programme extent 85

chemical industry strength 8–9

chemicals, dependence on 31

code names for gases 24

CW stocks captured 139–140, 176–179

CW weapons in WW2 57–60

CW WW1, reasons for introduction 8–10

CW WW2, tempted to use no, 138

first British gas attack effects 14–15

first British phosgene attack effects 19–20

first gas attack launched 1–8

Geneva Protocol 45, 46, 108

Heydrich’s death, reaction 94

human experimentation 60–62

main CW installations 58, 62

mustard gas introduced 24–26

nerve gas developed 53–37

nerve gas secrets kept 65–67

offensive launched 1918: 31

phosgene use 17–19

Polish BW evidence 89

post-WW1 work 43

Roosevelt’s warning to 119

Soviet Union collaboration 47

Soviet Union, fear of 141–142, 143–145

V-weapons 126–127

WW1 casualties 32

see also East Germany and West Germany

Gestapo 62, 89

Gestewitz, Hans Rudolf 227

Ghosh, Dr Ranajit 187

glanders 74, 76, 77, 79, 80, 98

glycolates 213

Goebbels, Josef 63

Goring, Hermann 100

Gottlieb, Sid 210, 212, 218

Graves, Robert 12

Great Britain

anthrax bombs ordered 102

anti-crop warfare 98–100

anti-crop warfare in Malaya 194

anti-gas schools 15–16

beam operations 29–30

BW attacks, vulnerability to 171–172

BW convention proposed 221

BW project started 81–83

BW trials post-war 158, 160

BW wartime collaboration with US 96–97

CBW use contemplated in WW2 127–136

chemical industry weakness 8–9, 10

chemical troops raised 11–12

civil defence against gas 50, 108–109

CW stocks disposal post WW2 139–140

CW wartime collaboration with US 116

defensive expertise 230

defensive preparations against BW attack 82, 84–85

first gas attack launched 12–15

first gas attacks reaction 4–7

first mass-produced BW weapon 87–88

French CW experts liaison 51–52

Gas Adviser appointed 7–8

gas attack plans 30

gas casualties in WW1 16, 27, 31, 32, 34

gas production increased 114–115

gas used in Afghanistan 43–44

gas used in Russian civil war 43

gas weapons developed 22–23

Geneva Protocol 45, 46

Geneva Protocol pledge WW2 108

German cities, attack plans 105

German invasion gassing planned 110–113

German nerve gas discovered 140–141

LSD 190–191

mustard gas production 28–29

nerve gas ignorance 65–67

nerve gas manufacture 182–183

phosgene introduced 19–20

Porton Down founded 21, 37–38

post WW1 attitude to gas 33–34, 41–42

post WW2 military planning 152

public hostility to gas 20–21

Russian CW, fears of 141–142

Tripartite Agreement 176–179, 186–187

V-weapon attacks 126–127

white phosphorus 124–125

Green Cross 24

Green Monkey disease see Marburg fever

Greenland 185

grenades oeuf 52

Griffiths, Tom 183–184

Grindley, Sergeant 3

Gruinard Island 68–74, 81, 95, 97, 101, 161

Guest, Sapper 25

Gulf War 242–244

H, HS, HT see mustard gas

Ha bomb 77

Haber, Clara 10–11

Haber, Fritz 10–11, 15, 32, 254

Hague Declaration 1899: 5, 9, 44

Haig, Alexander 234, 236

Haig, Sir Douglas 12, 14, 31

Haiti 169

Halabja 241

Haldane, J B S 33, 35, 40

Hamburg 105

Hankey, Lord 69, 81–84, 87–88

Harbin 78

Harbin Military Hospital 75, 76

Harrison, Colonel 39

Hartley, Sir Harold 25

Harwell 161

Haselkorn, Avigdor 243, 250

Hawking, Professor Stephen 253

Helfaut, Special Brigade HQ 21

Helminthosoporium oryzae van Brede de Haan 100

Helms, Richard 208, 212, 218

Henderson, Dr David 69–71, 106

Henderson, Major-General in Hersh, Seymour 148

Heydrich, Reinhard 89–94

Highland Light Infantry 20

Hill, Dr Edwin V 156

Himmler, Heinrich 89

Hiroshima 142, 152

Hitler, Adolf

abortive assassination plot 206–207

conference on CW 64

Danzig boast of ‘secret weapons’ 54–55, 83, 84

gassed in WW1 32

mentioned 52, 57, 59, 89, 138

reaction to Heydrich’s death 94

urged to use CW 63

Hmong tribesmen 236

Hochwerk 55

Hodgkin, Captain A E 29–30, 31

Hoffman, Dr Albert 190

Hokkaido 78

Holland Committee 33–34, 41–42

Hollbaum, Professor 92

Holmes, Walter 49–50

Hoover, J Edgar 223

Hormats, Saul 239

Horn Island Testing station 97

Horner, General Charles 244

HS 28

HT 52

Human experiments 39–40, 42–43, 60–62, 79–80, 142–145, 156–157, 170–171, 180–181

human genome mapping 253

Hungary 201, 207–208

Huxley, Aldous 68, 70

hydrogen cyanide (HCN) 38, 48, 59, 115, 142

Hype helmets 17

Ichang 119

Idmiston 37

Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) 11, 51, 99, 187

India 47, 249

Indonesia 251

Inspector of Chemical Warfare 112

Institute of Animal Physiology 216–217

Interessen Gemeinschaft (I G Farben) 8–10, 31, 54, 55, 56, 62

International Scientific Commission 165

Iran

CBW availability xi

Chemical Weapons Convention signed but ignored 250

gas used against Iraq 250

smallpox 249

Iran-Iraq War casualties xi

Iraq

CBW availability xi

CBW in recent years 240–244

Chemical Weapons Convention not signed 250

defensive use of CW 241

experiments on prisoners 244

nerve gas used on battlefield 241

smallpox 249

State Enterprise for the Production of Pesticides (SEPP) 240

Isbell, Dr Harris 209

Ishii, General Shiro 75–76, 78–79, 81, 155–156

Ismay, General Hastings 102

Israel 229, 243, 249

Italy

Bari disaster 120–124

British Intelligence reports on 50, 51

CW used in Abyssinia 49–50

establishes chemical corps 43

mentioned 109, 110

regarded as ‘certain’ to use CW in WW2 51