Jung Chang - Mao - The Unknown Story

8 –532 Mao told Albanian: to Defense Minister Balluku, 5 Oct. 1968, AQSh, f. 14, 1968, d. 6, p. 5. Student tails Mao: interview with a friend of the student, Oct. 1995.

9 Kuai story: interview with Kuai, 3 Oct. 1995; Yang Mu, pp. 71–3; record of Mao’s meeting with him, IIR, pp. 524–47 (E: Mao Miscellany, pp. 469–97).

10 16 million rusticated: Pan, p. 373; cf. Schoenhals 1996b, pp. 370–1;

11 –534 10 million condemned: Liu, X. p. 115. 3.5 million arrested: Schoenhals 1996b, p. 367. Binyang County: Zheng Yi, pp. 8–12 (E: id., pp. 9ff). 100,000 lives: Song Yongyi, pp. 239, 254; cf. Sutton, p. 137. 76 names: Zheng Yi, p. 96 (E: id., p. 101). “human flesh banquets”: ibid., pp. 68–9 (E: id., p. 13).

12 86-year-old: ibid., pp. 38–40 (E: id., pp. 48–9). Anhui executions: interview with the eyewitness, 15 Oct. 2002.

13 Inner Mongolia: Woody, pp. 3, 30–1; Sneath, pp. 422–6; Jankowiak, pp. 274–6; Sun in Walder & Gong 1993, pp. 15–17; Tu & Zhu. Yunnan: Ding & Ting, pp. 6, 339; cf. Schoenhals 1996b, pp. 368, 370. Assassination: Wang Kexue, pp. 4–13.

14 9th Congress delegates: unpublished memoirs of a key member of the congress staff; Zhang, Y. 1993, pp. 66–9.

15 Death estimates: Ding Shu 2001; cf. Walder & Su, pp. 86–99; Leitenberg, pp. 11–12; Margolin, p. 513. 100 million: Ye Jianying, 13 Dec. 1978, in Wang Nianyi, p. 623.

CHAPTER 51 A War Scare

1 Mao chose Zhenbao: Li & Hao, pp. 319–20; Yang Kuisong 1999, pp. 492–3 (E: id. 2000, p. 27); cf. Wishnick, p. 26. Clashes: Burr 2001, pp. 80–6; Kulik 2000, pp. 450–4. Casualties: Drannikov, p. 5; Ryabushkin, p. 151. “moonscape”: Gates, p. 36; cf. Kapitsa 1996, p. 80 and interview. Mao orders stop fighting: Yang Kuisong 1999, p. 493 (E: id. 2000, p. 30).

2 –538 Kosygin phones: interview with Kudashev, Kosygin’s interpreter who made the calls, 19 June 1996; Kudashev, pp. 199–200; Wang Taiping 1998, p. 273. Ready to negotiate: Mao 1987–98, vol. 13, p. 21. 9th Congress secrecy: unpublished memoirs by a key member of the congress staff; Antonkin, pp. 105–6; Galenovich 2001, p. 159.

3 “Pile up some mountains”: Li & Hao, pp. 256–7.

4 –539 Mao’s “mountains”: Schlesinger interview, 2 May 1995; Zhang Yunsheng, pp. 293–5 (E: id., pp. 55–7). Nuclear strike sounding: Burr 2001, pp. 86–95; Bundy, pp. 102–6; Helms interview, 7 Apr. 1995; conversation with Kissinger, 1 July 1998. Chou — Kosygin meeting: interviews with three Russian participants, including Kapitsa, Kosygin’s no. 2 at the meeting; Kapitsa 1996, pp. 81–92; Elizavetin (note-taker); Antonkin, p. 112. Chou — Kosygin letters: CWB no. 11, pp. 171–2 (Chou letter, 18 Sept. 1969); Goncharov & Usov, p. 112 (Kosygin reply, 26 Sept.). Victor Louis: New York Times , 18 Sept. 1969. Fear of Russian plane: Zhang Yunsheng, pp. 316–20 (E: id., pp. 57–9); Pang & Jin, p. 1563.

5 Chou and Mme Mao in Western Hills: Yang Kuisong 1999, pp. 502–3, 508 (E: id. 2000, p. 41, 47); Yang Yinlu, p. 163. Red alert: Li & Hao, pp. 124–5; cf. Teiwes & Sun 1996, pp. 111–15.

6 –540 Giant shelter: multiple interviews with Mao’s personal staff; Deng Li, pp. 188–9; Zhang Zuoliang, p. 331. Greets Soviet delegate: Galenovich 2001, pp. 220–1 (Chinese minutes); Wang Taiping 1999, pp. 208, 211; this was Mao’s last meeting with a Russian.

7 Investment in nuclear program: China Today 1987, p. 77. Per capita income: Marer et al. (World Bank), p. 46; Li Rui 1996, p. 36. Calories: Rummel, p. 215. Lin Biao and coterie: proposal in June 1969, ZDZ vol. 41, p. 212; cf. Huang, J., pp. 317–18. Boss of Jiangxi: Chen Yun 1995, pp. 252–3. Mood and energy: interview with a member of Mao’s personal staff, 19 Apr. 1999; Chen & Zhao, pp. 126–30.

CHAPTER 52 Falling Out with Lin Biao

1 Mao solitary among top five: Jin Chongji et al. 1998, pp. 1016–17.

2 –542 Lin announced proposal: ibid., pp. 1017–18. Head of Praetorian Guard: Wang Dongxing 1997a, p. 44; Xin Ziling 2002, p. 622. “the Cobra”: interview with an insider in Lin’s coterie, 31 Oct. 2000; Xin Ziling 2002, p. 621; Ye Yonglie 1996a, pp. 81, 91–7; Wang Nianyi, pp. 385, 388. Mao gave Lin the nod: Chen Boda, in Ye Yonglie 1990, p. 441; Xin Ziling 2002, p. 620; Jin, p. 123.

3 –543 “atom bomb”: Ye Yonglie 1990, pp. 454, 466. Lin refuses self-criticism: Xin Ziling 2002, pp. 627–30; Jin p. 131. Old age set in: interview with a member of Mao’s personal staff, 24 Oct. 1995.

4 –544 Lin letter to Mao: Xin Ziling 2002, p. 628; Li Wenpu, in Chi & Ming, p. 12. Plan to flee to Hong Kong: Ming & Chi, pp. 351–66. Tiger: ibid., pp. 20–7; interviews with his fiancée, sister, brother-in-law, and a friend, 6 May, 14 & 20 Oct. 1995, 7 Sept. 1997; Zhang Ning, p. 157; cf. Jin, pp. 155–61.

5 “Project 571”: text in WDYZ vol.2, pp. 650–7 (E: Kau 1975, pp. 81–90). Tiger dubbed Mao B-52: interview with Tiger’s fiancée, 6 May 1995.

6 Left copy with Lin: Li Weixin confession, in Xin Ziling 2000, pp. 637–8. Mao sent Chou to Lin: Li Desheng, p. 409; Jin Chongji et al. 1998, pp. 1033–4. May Day night: Du interview, 17 Oct. 1995; Zhang Zuoliang, p. 242.

7 Tiger checks out Hong Kong route: Ming & Chi, pp. 351–4. Ceau?escus: ibid., pp. 358–9; Xiao Sike, p. 85; Du interview. Another recce of Hong Kong border: Ming & Chi, pp. 361, 366. Mao remarks about Lin: Kau 1975, p. 59 (“Summary of Mao’s Talks”); cf. Jin, pp.190–3.

8 –547 Get Tiger planes: interview with the dispatcher of planes, 8 Sept. 1997. Lin Biao role: Ming & Chi, pp. 386, 407–9, 412–13, 422. “I won’t incriminate you”: interview with Tiger’s fiancée, 6 May 1995.

9 “breaks the net”: Lu Min, in YHCQ , 1998, no. 1, p. 16. Lin wrote to Chief of Staff: Ming & Chi, pp. 407–8. Suicide attack: one volunteer’s confession, ibid., pp. 422–3. Mao unaware of plot: interviews with members of Mao’s personal staff, 24 Oct. & 4 Nov. 1995, 22 Oct. 2000; Chen & Zhao, pp. 164–7; Wu De, in An Jianshe, pp. 136–8; Li Desheng, pp. 414–15.

10 Dodo: interview with Dodo and a friend, 20 Oct. 1995; Shao Yihai, p. 282; Ming & Chi, pp. 386, 442, 448–52; cf. Jin, pp. 153–4.

11 Petrol on board, crash-landing: Guang Xin, pp. 27–8. Heavily sedated Mao: interview with the servant who woke up Mao, 22 Oct. 2000; Qi Li, pp. 129–30; Wang Dongxing 1997a, p. 208. Mao given one option: Li Desheng, p. 421; Shao Yihai, p. 298; Liu Yan, in Chi & Ming,p. 367.

12 Chou letter to Mao, night of 13 Sept.: text in Gao Wenqian, pp. 352–3; Zagvozdin: interview, 16 June 1995.

13 In Suite 118: interviews with Mao’s personal staff, 21 Sept. 1994, 24 Oct. 1995, 22 Oct. 2000, 12 & 14 May 2001; Chen & Zhao, pp. 170–1. Learned plot: interview with a plotter, 7 Sept. 1997; Xiao Sike, p. 528; Li Desheng, p. 427.

14 –551 Mao very ill: interview with a member of Mao’s intimate staff, 22 Oct. 1993; SMMM, pp. 37–8; Li, Z., pp. 542–61. Ethiopia’s Emperor: Wu De, in An Jianshe, p. 150. Warning to Guard chief: Zhang Yaoci, pp. 122–6. Jumped to death: Ming & Chi, p. 481. Languishing in prison: interview with Yeh’s son-in-law who was in prison, 2 Nov. 1993.

15 “What Chairman Mao?”: interview with the deputy chief, 17 Sept. 1994.

16 Chen Yi funeral: Gao Wenqian, p. 366; Chen & Zhao, pp. 175–83; Zhang Yufeng 1989 (E: id., pp. 17–19); Xiang, L., pp. 202–3; Jin Chongji et al. 1998, p. 1053.