Jung Chang - Mao - The Unknown Story

4 –588 Chou’s chief bodyguard: interview with the bodyguard, 8 Nov. 1995. With Mao she was meek: interview with Wang Li, 16 Oct. 1995; Ye Yonglie 1990, p. 343.

5 Mme Mao lifestyle: Yang Yinlu, in BNC , 1998, no. 5–1999, no. 9; Fu Chongbi, p. 243; interview with the secretary of one of the Gang of Four, 7 Oct. 1993. Blood from young guards: Li, Z., p. 593; Yang Yinlu, pp. 32–5.

6 Nightmares: ibid., pp. 190–3. Incident in Qingdao: Yang Yinlu, in BNC , 2000, no. 7, pp. 72–3; Deng Li, pp. 164–8.

7 Mme Mao — Witke: Zhang Ying, pp. 28–9, 56–7, 154–63; Witke 1977, pp. 17–26, 116–18; id. 1991, p. 65.

8 Danish prime minister: interview with Mr. and Mrs. Hartling, 20 Nov. 1993. American swimmers: Zhang Ying, pp. 133–4 (remarks not to Witke). “masses too excited”: Witke 1977, p. 303n. Nixon on Mme Mao: Nixon, p. 570; cf. interviews with Ford, 15 Apr. 1995, and Haig, 1 May 1995.

9 –592 Envious looks at Marcos: interview with Imelda Marcos, 17 Mar. 1994; Du & Gu, pp. 504, 521. “national costume”: interview with two members of Mao’s personal staff, Oct. 2000; Yang Yinlu, in BNC, 1998, no. 6, p. 66. Currying favor with girlfriends: Guo Jinrong, pp. 119–20; Chen & Zhao, pp. 196–201. 82nd birthday: Guo Jinrong, pp. 110–15.

10 –593 Girlfriends no royal mistresses: multiple interviews with girlfriends; Guo Jinrong, pp. 44–6, 122–3, 132–3. Turning Mao down: interview with an insider, 21 Oct. 2000.

11 –594 Li Na letter: Li Xiangwen, pp. 555–6. “listen to gunfire”: Yan Changlin, p. 52. Li Na at University: conversation with Li Na, 25 Mar. 1993.

12 On army newspaper: interview with a colleague of hers, 23 Sept. 1994; BNC , 1999, no. 2, pp. 42–54; Mu Xin, pp. 348–50; Zhe Yongping et al., pp. 1–5. Predecessor to jail: Mu Xin, in ZDZ, no. 69, pp. 83–9. Controller of Peking: Yang Yinlu, p. 128. Nervous breakdown: ibid., pp. 125–33; interview with a friend of hers who visited her, 4 Sept. 1994.

13 Marriage and son: Yang Yinlu, pp. 128–40; former husband Xu Zhiming article, in “Mao and I” Collection Committee 1993b, pp. 251–62; interviews with a relative and a former servant, 25 Sept. 1993, 19 Sept. 1994.

14 –596 “my little foreigner”: Wang Xingjuan 1993, p. 120. Mao refused to see her: ibid., pp. 265–6; interviews with members of Mao’s personal staff, 19 Oct. 1993, 24 Oct. 1995, 19 Apr. 1999. Son not counted as family: ibid., interviews. Yuan-xin: Li Xiangwen, pp. 600–2. Zhang Zhi-xin: Yan & Gao, p. 276; PRC Encyclopaedia, vol. 4, pp. 4822–47.

15 trade-off: Yang Zhaolin, p. 292. For detail see below. Mme Mao’s end: interviews with people close to Mao family; Li Xiangwen, pp. 153–6; Witke 1991, pp. 52, 54–5; Rittenberg & Bennett, pp. 428–30 (in Qincheng prison).

CHAPTER 57 Enfeebled Mao Hedges His Bets

1 Nine minutes meeting: Mao Mao 1993, p. 643.

2 “keeping a respectful distance”: Mao CCRM & ARL, pp. 3691, 3696; Yu Shicheng, p. 239. Mao tried to keep Deng on board: Wang Jiaxiang’s widow told us that, in autumn 1965, Chou came to brief her husband about the forthcoming Cultural Revolution, and said that Mao’s plan was to replace Liu Shao-chi with either Lin Biao or Deng: interview with Zhu Zhongli, 28 Sept. 1993. Cf. Zhu Zhongli 1995, p. 224; Mao CCRM & ARL, pp. 3691, 3696; Mao Mao 2000, pp. 40, 49; Li Xuefeng, in CCP Archive Study Office 1998, pp. 223–5; Wang Li 1993, pp. 5, 63 (E: id. 1994, pp. 16, 49). “differentiate him from Liu”: Mao Mao 2000, p. 69.

3 Mrs. Deng told step-mother: interview with Deng’s step-mother, Xia Bogen, 11 Sept. 1985. Most painful time: Deng 1993, p. 54. Screaming during nightmare: interview with Deng’s step-mother.

4 –600 Declined to advertize Mao’s innocence: Huang Wenhua et al., pp. 92–3. Australians noted: FitzGerald interview, 22 Jan. 1993. Deng comeback: Huang, J., pp. 328ff; Zhu, pp. 208ff.

5 Mao dubbed “Gang of Four”: Chinese Communist Party, p. 364. Deng alliance with army chief Yeh: interview with a Yeh family member, 2 Nov. 1993. Sun Wei-shi: interviews with a member of Chou’s staff, 20 Sep. 1994, and with Shi Zhe, 29 Sept. 1993, 7 Sept. 1994; Li Yong et al., pp. 162–8; Zhou 1997, vol. 3, p. 264.

6 “people forgave” Chou: Deng 1984, pp. 329–30; cf. Guardian Weekly , 21 Sept. 1980, p. 18 (Deng to Fallaci, 21 & 23 Aug. 1980). Deng — Chou meeting, 9 Apr.: Mao Mao 2000, pp. 318–19. “walk noisily”: Zhang Yufeng 1993, p. 635; cf. id., pp. 33–5. Books printed for Mao: Wang Shoujia et al., pp. 5, 10, 15, 18.

7 –602 Mao cried when couldn’t read: SMMM, p. 415. Lou Gehrig’s disease: Li Zhisui, pp. 556–8 (E: id., pp. 581–6). Chou and allies told, not Gang of Four, or Mao: Li, Z., p. 582; Li Zhisui, pp. 556–60; Chen & Zhao, p. 237; interviews with three of the closest members of Mao’s staff, 18, 19 & 22 Oct. 2000; Guo Jinrong, p. 113.

8 –603 “shocked and aghast”: 19 Nov. 1974, Wang Nianyi, p. 510; Geng Biao, vol. 2, pp. 270–1. Goodbye to swimming: Chen & Zhao, pp. 228–31.

9 –604 Chou to Mao against Cobra and Mme Mao: Mao Mao 2000, p. 384; Gao Wenqian, pp. 540–1. Mao: “made a mistake”: Mao Mao 2000, pp. 409, 413. “don’t plot”: Zhou 1997, vol. 3, p. 704. Historical tale: This story was about how, in the 2nd century BC, China’s military chief Zhou Bo teamed up with Prime Minister Chen Ping, and successfully suppressed Empress Lü’s family and gang — after the death of Emperor Liu Bang. Mao was hinting that the military chiefs should follow Zhou Bo’s example. Yang Zhaolin, p. 292. Mme Mao compared herself with Empress Lü: Fan Shuo, pp. 92, 230 (E: id., p. 18).

10 –605 Ho family letter to Mao: Jin Chongji et al. 1998, p. 1180. Chou implying blame on Mao: Ho’s widow Xue Ming, in CCP Archive Study Office 1991, pp. 617–18. She also mentioned how Chou had sent his wife to her before the service to say that the extremely low-key arrangement was Mao’s decision. Eye operation: Zhang, Y., 1989, pp. 34–5; Li, Z., pp. 604–5.

11 Media campaign against Chou: Mao 1987–98, vol. 13, pp. 457–8; Zhang Zuoliang, pp. 352–4; Jin Chongji et al. 1998, p. 1187; cf. Yan & Gao, pp. 473–5; Zhu, pp. 210ff. “Barking up the wrong tree”: 24 Sept. 1975, Mao 1987–98, vol. 13, p. 399 (E: PR , 3 June, 1977, p. 22). Investment in urban upkeep: China Today 1989b, vol. 1, pp. 193–4; Kirkby 1985, pp. 165ff; Walder, pp. 193–201.

12 –606 Health and education: Perkins, p. 491. Stark naked: Wei 1997, pp. 234–5. Yenan: Fu Shanglun et al., pp. 4–17. “poorest nation in the world”: Mao Mao 2000, p. 475 (E: Westad et al., p. 194). Operas filmed for Mao: Yue Meiti, pp. 22–6; interview with a technician in the film studio, 3 May 2000; Qi Li, pp. 69–70.

13 Deng encouraged people to write Mao: interview with a letter writer, 2 Nov. 1993; Yang Zhaolin, p. 290. Mao Mao 2000, pp. 436, 476. Deng refuses to draw up “resolution”: Huang, J., pp. 347–8; Yan & Gao, pp. 480–1. Chou, Yeh urge Deng not to be confrontational: Gao Wenqian, pp. 575–6, 580–1.

14 Secretary suggests Mao attend funeral: Zhang, Y. 1989, pp. 35–6. “Great morale-booster”: Wang Nianyi, p. 583.

15 Yeh, army chiefs and “Bearded General”: Fan Shuo, pp. 169–70 (E: id., pp. 16–17); Geng Biao, vol. 2, p. 286.

16 Mao had to release Deng: Mao Mao 2000, pp. 571–4.

CHAPTER 58 Last Days

1 29 May 1975, Mao told scholars: Wang Shoujia et al., pp. 12–13. “bullied” by Deng: Fan Shuo, p. 91. Reciting “Sere Trees”: Zhang Yufeng 1993, p. 639.