Jung Chang - Mao - The Unknown Story

5 First known death: Wang Youqin 1995, 1996; interviews with two then pupils of the school, 24 Sept. 1993, 8 Nov. 1998. Mao singled out: “Red Flag” team from the middle school attached to Peking University, who had started abusing “Blacks” on 1 July 1966, as well as beating up teachers, before Mao’s “fiery support” on 1 Aug., see Wang Youqin 1995,p. 43.

6 Sichuan boss: interview with an insider, 23 Mar. 1994. “Peking is not chaotic enough”: Mao CCRM, vol. 4, p. 115.

7 Orders to army and police: WDYZ vol. 1, pp. 90–1; Schoenhals 1996a, pp. 48–9 (21 Aug.). Gave names and addresses: interview with an insider, 23 Mar. 1994.

8 –509 Police chief: Wang Nianyi, pp. 69, 73; Qiu Shi, vol. 2, pp. 763–4; Zhao Wumian, p. 137. Chou list: Mao 1987–98, vol. 12, pp. 116–17; Schoenhals 1996, pp. 110–11. Official statistics: Qiu Shi, vol. 2, p. 764.

9 –510 Pick of booty: Guan Weixun, pp. 130–3; Yang Yinlu, in BNC, 1999, vol. 2, p. 67; interview with a member of Mao’s personal staff, 19 Apr. 1999; Byron & Pack, pp. 364–8. Kissinger: Kissinger 1979, p. 1058. Housing space: Wang Nianyi, p. 71; Kirkby, pp. 164–73. Eyewitness saw: Zheng Yi, p. 48 (E: Zheng Yi, p. 59); cf. Schoenhals 1994, p. 10; telephone interview with Zheng Yi, 28 Aug. 2000.

10 Monuments obliterated: Wang Nianyi, p. 70; Terzani, pp. 26–7. Leading architect: Liang’s widow, in Li Yong et al., pp. 265–78. First statue broken: Wang Nianyi, p. 70. Specialists present: Ya & Liang, pp. 116, 238–44.

11 Confucius’ home: ibid., pp. 44–60. “People-centred-ism”: 4 July 1973, in Qiu Shi, vol. 3, p. 644. Lin speech: Kau 1975, pp. 363–6 (15 Sept. 1966).

12 Victims of past banned: 13 Jan. 1967, WDYZ vol. 1, p. 247. Mao resolved to overthrow all: Wang Li 1993, p. 33.

13 –513 British engineer: Watt, pp. 81, 91–2. Minister of coal: Li Yong et al., pp. 89–97. Photographing torture: ibid., pp. 89–90; Our Premier Zhou , pp. 32–3; Tu & Kong, p. 73; Zeng Zhi, p. 463; Huang & Zhang, p. 575; Yang Mu, p. 249; Wang Li 1994, p. 76 (“unbearable”). Vice-Premier Ji: Si Ren, pp. 77–8; Wang Lingshu, p. 24.

14 –514 Replacements: Li & Hao, p. 241. Chou: “no war”: Li Desheng, p. 349. Superpower Program up: tables in PRC Encyclopaedia vol. 4, p. 5094; interview with an economic manager, Sept. 2000.

15 –515 Central Special Case Team: Qiu Shi, vol. 3, pp. 489–525; Li & Hao, p. 248; multiple interviews with victims of the team, and with an interrogator, 17 Apr. 1999; interview with Small Group member Wang Li, 16 Oct. 1995; Wang Li 1994, p. 68; Schoenhals 1996a, 1996b. Mao danced on: interview with a girlfriend of Mao’s, 29 Sept. 1994; Quan Yanchi 1991, pp. 224–6.

16 Feb. 1967: Qiu Shi, vol. 3, pp. 418ff.; Wang Li 1993, pp. 31–2 (E: id. 1994, pp. 40–2; cf. id. 1999, pp. 69–81); interviews with family members of four main Politburo protesters; Suo, pp. 76ff; Yan & Gao, pp. 125–33. Brigadier: Han Shangyu, pp. 1–7; interview with the friend of the brigadier, 30 Sept. 1993. Student of German: Yu Xiguang, pp. 52–74; Schoenhals 1996, pp. 149–50 (text); conversation with Dai Qing, who interviewed her, 20 Oct. 2002.

CHAPTER 49 Unsweet Revenge

1 On the 5th: Huang Zheng, p. 26 (E: id. 1999, pp. 31ff); cf. Galenovich 2000, pp. 55ff. Liu at dancing parties: interview with eyewitnesses, 13 Sept. 1994.

2 Kuai Da-fu story: interview with Kuai, 3 Oct. 1995.

3 Mao — Liu meeting: Wang Guangmei et al., pp. 187–8; Liu Zhende, pp. 282–4; Galenovich 2000, pp. 74–6. 300,000 rally: interview with Kuai, 3 Oct. 1995; Wang Guangmei interrogation in Wang Nianyi, pp. 240–56 (E: Elegant 1971, pp. 347–67; Schoenhals 1996b, pp. 101–16).

4 Lius’ protests to Mao: Huang Zheng, pp. 102, 121–5. Mao left detailed instructions: through Qi Benyu, whom he appointed acting director of the Central Secretariat’s Office, Zhang Zishen, pp. 320–3; Chen & Zhao, p. 48.

5 Sleeping pills: Wang Guangmei reply to written questions by phone via secretary, 11 Apr. 2000; Huang Zheng, p. 122. “burst out laughing”: Wang Guangmei et al., p. 34.

6 Grippa interview, 25 Jan. 1994.

7 Zeng Zhi: interview, 24 Sept. 1994; Zeng Zhi, pp. 464–70.

8 Kangaroo court: Liu answers in CCP Studies , pp. 629–30 (E: CLG vol. 1, no. 1 (1968), p. 75); Wang Guangmei et al., pp. 202–3; Liu’s valet Jia Lanxun, in BNC, 2000, no. 2, pp. 22–4; Tu & Kong, p. 73; Bonavia, p. 186; cf. Wang Li 1994, p. 76.

9 –523 Guangmei was to pay: her answer (by phone via secretary) to our questions, 11 Apr. 2000. Slow-death cell: quotes and descriptions from Huang Zheng, pp. 126–30; Jia Lanxun, in BNC , 2000, no. 2, pp. 26–9; Tu & Kong, pp. 179–82.

10 –524 Mao wants spy charge: Tu & Kong, pp. 79–80. Forbidden to ask Liu: Huang Zheng, p. 65 (E: id. 1999, p. 65). First inmate: Shi Zhe 1992, pp. 237–9. Rittenberg: id. & Bennett, pp. 406–7. Nationalist intelligence: Shen Zui, p. 214. Li Li-san: interview with Li’s widow, Lisa, and daughter, Inna, 28 Oct. 1995; cf. Lescot, pp. 431–61. Tang Chunliang 1989, pp. 204–10. Lo Fu: Liu Ying, pp. 167–8.

11 Team purged: Huang Zheng, p. 64. Catch-22: ibid., pp. 88–9. (E: id. 1999, p. 89). Chou delivered report damning Liu: CQ no. 37 (1969), pp. 175–80 (text). Death sentence: interview with Wang Guangmei, 8 Nov. 1995. Mao to 9th Congress: interview with a family member of Lin Biao, 20 Oct. 1995. Last self-defense: Huang Zheng, pp. 86, 124–5 (E: id. 1999, pp. 84ff.).

12 Rebel leaders: Peng 1998, p. 797; interview with Kuai Da-fu, 3 Oct. 1995. Peng’s last days: Peng 1998, pp. 806ff.

CHAPTER 50 The Chairman’s New Outfit

1 General Chen: Chen Zai-dao, pp. 295–311.

2 –527 Wuhan shock for Mao: Chen Zai-dao, in WDYZ vol. 1, p. 513; Wang Li 1993, p. 39; Wang Li 1994, pp. 59–61 (E: id. 1994, pp. 66ff). Mao verdict defied: Chen & Zhao, pp. 59–61; Wang Li 2001, pp. 1006–8; cf. Wang Li 1994, pp. 72–3; interview with Wang Li, 16 Oct. 1995; Wang Nianyi, p. 263; Zhu, pp. 155–6; Huang, J., pp. 309–11.

3 –528 Mao whisked away: Zhang Zuoliang, pp. 153–5; Chen & Zhao, pp. 62–5; Zhang Zishen, pp. 344–6; cf. Yan & Gao, pp. 231–9. Unshaven cheek: Wang Li 1994, p. 62. 184,000: Chen Zai-dao, in WDYZ vol. 1, p. 524; cf. Schoenhals 1996b, p. 366; Zhu, pp. 157–61. World “first”: Chen Zai-dao, in WDYZ vol. 1, pp. 521–2; Zhang Zuoliang, p. 158; Zhou 1997, vol. 3, p. 173; Wang Li 1993, p. 41.

4 –529 75 percent: Wang Li 1993, p. 53. Scapegoat: interview with Wang Li, 16 Oct. 1995; Wang Li 1994, p. 66 (E: id. 1994, pp. 79–86); Chen Yangyong, p. 364. Lin’s “Administration Office”: Huang, J., pp. 312–13. General Qiu: Xiao Sike, pp. 93–4, 289–97; interviews with Qiu family members, 5 & 8 Sept. 1998; interview with a member of Lin family, 20 Oct. 1995.

5 General Yang: Zhang Zishen, pp. 395–6, 413ff; cf. Huang, J., pp. 312–13. Mao suspends Military Council: Zhu, pp. 31–2; Huang, J., p. 314. Vital veto: multiple interviews with Lin circle members; Ji Xichen, pp. 364–5. Sidekick Huang: Zhang Zishen, p. 419; Guan Weixun, p. 184; Wang Nianyi, p. 376; Zhu, p. 163.

6 Bugged conversation: Xiao Sike, pp. 87–91.

7 –531 Shanghai battle: interview with eyewitness Song Yong-yi, 8 Apr. 2000; Li Xun, pp. 381–3, 391; Ye Yonglie 1993, pp. 256–61; Perry & Li, pp. 44ff. Mao: “I’ve seen film”: Li Xun, pp. 384, 391. “Arm the Left”: interview with an insider, Oct. 1995, and with Wang Li, 16 Oct. 1995; Wang Li 1993, p. 54; cf. id. 1994, p. 75. “Wonderful”: Li Desheng, p. 347.