Jung Chang - Mao - The Unknown Story

2 Berating officials: Wang Dongxing 1997, pp. 22–3; Mao 1987–98, vol. 5: p. 267; Mao CCRM, vol.1, p. 365.

3 –386 Eat potato leaves: Wang Dongxing, 1997, pp. 22–3. “Educate peasants”: Mao 1987–98, vol. 5, p. 267. Bo Yi-bo acknowledged: Bo Yi-bo 1993, pp. 271, 282. 1 Oct. 1953: Chen Yun 2000, p. 178. “at war”: Bo Yi-bo 1993, pp. 263–4. Chen Yun conveyed: Sun & Xiong, pp. 90–1. Guards’ reports: Mao 1987–98, vol. 5, pp. 210–11.

4 –387 Saying things like: Wang Gengjin et al., p. 108; Xin Ziling 1995, vol. 3, p. 529. Zhao Zi-yang: Xin Ziling 1995, vol. 3, p. 529. Fellow traveler: Huang Yanpei, in Mao 1987–98, vol. 5, p. 52; Mao CCRM, vol. 1, p. 176; vol. 13, p. 20. “10,000 reports”: Mao CCRM, vol. 13, p. 18. Say airily: Wang Dongxing, 1997, p. 22. “less conscience”: Bo Yi-bo 1993, pp. 350–1.

5 –388 “Once you join”: Wang Gengjin et al., p. 98. “We must arrest”: Mao CCRM, vol. 13, p. 13. “My farts”: ibid., p. 17. “The bourgeoisie”: Mao 1993c, pp. 377, 379–80. “We started”: Liu 1996, vol. 2, p. 350.

6 –389 “5 percent”: Mao 1987–98, vol. 5, p. 149. “Whenever this figure”: ibid., p. 472. Hu Feng: Hu Feng, pp. 257ff; Mei Zhi; Xiao Feng, pp. 98–109; Li Hui. “The first half”: Mao CCRM, vol. 11A, p. 88.

7 “liberate Taiwan”: Zhou 1997, vol. 1, p. 405. Sea crossing: Peng 1998, p. 565; Xu Yan 1992, p. 174. Taiwan Strait crisis: Lewis & Xue 1988, pp. 22ff; Chang, G. 1990, pp. 116ff.

8 –390 Khrushchev offers: Zazerskaya, 1997, pp. 173ff; id. 2000, pp. 33ff; Pei Jianzhang, p. 39; Zhou 1997, vol. 1, p. 416. Help to build Bomb: Gobarev, pp. 17ff; Negin & Smirnov 2002 (Web/PHP); Shepilov 2001, pp. 373–86; Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, SSSR — KNR, part. 1, pp. 144–7 (27 Apr. 1955 agreement); Arkhipov, Kapitsa interviews; Lewis & Xue 1988, pp. 39ff., 61–2; Chen Xiaodong, pp. 36–8; Peng 1998, p. 578.

9 “our destiny”: Chen Xiaodong, pp. 33–5. “Bottoms up”: ibid., p. 43. Russians agreed: China Today 1987, pp. 20–1; Gobarev, p. 21. Told his aides: Dong Bian et al., p. 50. “control the Earth”: Li Shenzhi, in YHCQ , 1999, no. 1, p. 7.

10 –392 Chou cut spending: Jin Chongji et al. 1998, pp. 264–7. “he found it”: Bo Yi-bo 1993, p. 470. “flooding Chairman Mao”: ibid., p. 651. US$: Mao 1987–98, vol. 7, pp. 119, 125. Yugoslavia’s No. 2: Kardelj, p. 141. Apr. 1956: Hu Qiaomu, in Jin Chongji et al. 1998, p. 269.

11 Liu, Lo Fu: Wu Lengxi 1999, pp. 16, 9. Chou told State Council: Zhou 1997, vol. 1, p. 567. “shaken the entire world”: Wu Lengxi 1999, p. 6. “really has guts”: Li Yueran, p. 147.

12 First flight: Li & Peng, pp. 88–94. Mao statue: Wang Renzhong, p. 9. In Canton: Li Zhisui, pp. 126–7, 148 (E: id., pp. 132ff); interview with Zeng Zhi, 24 Sept. 1994.

13 –394 “would not do”: Gong Guzhong et al., p. 356. Mao swam: Wang Renzhong, pp. 6–9; Zhang Yaoci, pp. 75–84. 4 June Politburo: Zhou 1997, vol. 1, pp. 270–1. Liu editorial: Jin & Huang, pp. 791–2; Bo Yi-bo 1993, pp. 637–8.

14 –395 North Korea: Fursenko, pp. 960–1 (based on Soviet Presidium archives); Lankov 1995, pp. 149–50; id. 2002, pp. 106–7; Mukhitdinov 1995, pp. 341ff; id. 1994, pp. 200ff; Kapitsa 1996, pp. 236–7; Il Ponte vol. 37, 1981, nos. 11–12, p. 1170 (Liu to Gomulka, Nov. 1960); confirmed by Werblan (present), phone interview, 8 Sept. 2003; Szalontai 2003–4, pp. 91–2. 10 Sept. reminisced: DDWX , 1991, no. 3, pp. 5–8.

15 Conciliatory: Mao remarks on 8th Congress reports, Mao 1987–98, vol. 6, pp. 136–69. Cult: JYZW vol. 9, pp. 143, 314ff, Mao 1994, p. 255; Dai Huang, pp. 11–12. Legal system: JYZW vol. 9, pp. 92–4, 268–9. Most important concession: Shi Zhongquan et al., p. 157; JYZW vol. 9, pp. 42–3, 65; PRC Encyclopaedia vol. 4, p. 5095; Bo Yi-bo 1993, p. 560. Jin Chongji et al. 1998, p. 296.

CHAPTER 38 Undermining Khrushchev

1 19 Oct.: Pei Jianzhang, p. 61; Wu Lengxi 1999, p. 38; Chen 2001, pp. 146–55. 20th: Wu Lengxi 1999, pp. 34–9. Mao threat to Yudin: Wu Lengxi 1999, pp. 39–40. “blunderer”: Li Yueran, p. 147. Chinese role in Polish crisis: Fursenko, pp. 174–9, 187–91, 967ff. (Soviet Presidium minutes); Kuo, M., p. 95; Werblan interview, 8 Sept. 2003; Chen 2001, pp. 149–50.

2 –398 Criticize Russia: Wu Lengxi 1999, p. 45. China and Hungarian crisis: Fursenko, pp. 176ff, 970ff; Kramer 1995–6, pp. 173, 181, n. 28; Rákosi, p. 130; Kuo, M., pp. 95–101; Luthi, pp. 109ff. Mao for crushing uprising: Wu Lengxi 1999, pp. 51–3. 4 Nov.: ibid., p. 59. Hegedüs: interview, 15 Dec. 1994.

3 –399 Mao re Djilas: Peng 1962. Chou to Gomulka: minutes of Chou — Gomulka talks, 11 & 12 Jan. 1957, CWB no. 5, pp. 43–5; Jin Chongji et al. 1998, p. 323. “Polish leadership”: in Jin Chongji et al. 1998, p. 324. “your court”: Wu Lengxi 1999, pp. 102–6, 145. “headed by”: Wang Taiping 1998, p. 285. Polish visitors: Maneli, pp. 81–2.

4 Turned to Tito: Wang Taiping 1998, p. 349; Wu Xiuquan 1992, pp. 251–2 (E: Wu, p. 118); Micunovic, p. 197. Trashing Tito and Gomulka: 18 Jan. 1957, Mao 1977, pp. 333–4. Jan. 1957: Chou report of 24th, in Jin Chongji et al. 1998, pp. 326–8; CWB nos. 6–7, pp. 153–4; cf. Vereshchagin, pp. 79–81, 87. Mao rant: 27 Jan. 1957, Mao 1977, p. 344 (E: Leung & Kau, p. 252).

5 Conversation with Stephen Vizinczey.

6 Spaniard: Croft, p. 168. Mao to Egyptian ambassador: 17 Sept. 1956, Mao 1994, pp. 247–9 (E: Mao 1998, pp. 191–3). Gift, trade with Egypt: Pei Jianzhang, p. 283; Shichor, pp. 41–5, 49–50. War plan: Pei Jianzhang, p. 283. “volunteers”: Croft, p. 172; Harris, p. 91; Shichor, pp. 65 n., 225; RR, 14 Nov. 1956. Heikal: interview, 18 Jan. 1997. Offers arms: Mao 1987–98, vol. 6, pp. 280–1; Trevelyan 1970, p. 34; Heikal 1972, pp. 65–6; Shichor, pp. 45–6.

7 “people just won’t listen”: Chen Xiaodong, pp. 109–10. Mikoyan visit July 1957: interview with Kudashev (Mikoyan’s interpreter), 28 June 1995; Xinhua, 5 July 1957 (CCP cable); Luthi, p. 120. Istochnik , no. 4, 1996, pp. 109–14 (Mao to Yudin, 29 Oct. 1957). To renegotiate: Nie 1999, pp. 612–14. Attend summit on condition: Usov 2003, p. 4. Khrushchev gives Bomb: Gobarev pp. 18–31; Negin & Smirnov; Lewis & Xue 1988, pp. 62ff; Nie 1999, p. 623; Wu Lengxi 1999, pp. 94–5. Missiles: Goncharenko, pp. 153ff; Baturov, Vladimir, “Kosmicheskii Skachok Pekina” (Peking’s Cosmic Leap), NV, nos. 2–3, pp. 38–9. Khrushchev, S., pp. 266–72.

8 “maximum help”: in Yang Kuisong 1999, p. 425. “they received a lot”: Gobarev, pp. 22–3, citing document from presidential archive. Superpower by end 1962: Nie 1999, p. 620. Cost of Bomb: Lewis & Xue 1988, p. 108. “must have Sputniks”: Mao CCRM, vol. 8, pp. 38–9; Chen Xiaodong, pp. 96–7; Dong Sheng, p. 341.

9 Baturov, p. 39; Khrushchev, S., pp. 266–72; Gobarev, p. 30; Goncharenko, pp. 156–9; Dolinin.

10 –403 Mao floated idea: Istochnik , no. 4, 1996, p. 113 (to Yudin, 29 Oct. 1957); cf. Micunovic, p. 198; Fursenko, pp. 279–81, 1022, n. 3. Mao in Moscow: Schoenhals 1986; interviews with eight participants (Alia, Carrillo, Heikal, Ingrao, Jotti, Li Yueran, Longo, Sidikhmenov); Gollan notes, cit.; Togliatti report, “Verbali della Direzione,” 26 Nov. 1957, p. 4 (Istituto Gramsci Archives, Rome); Sidikhmenov MS, pp. 213–15. Special treatment: Li Yueran, pp. 131–2; interview with Li Yueran, 24 Oct. 2000. Muscovite to Finn: Kuusinen, p. 221. Mao totted up: Khrushchev 1977, vol. 2, p. 309; id. 1990, p. 198. Rejected birth control: China Today 1988, pp. 416–18; cf. Mao 1987–98, vol. 6, p. 635.