Jung Chang - Mao - The Unknown Story

7 –423 Sparrows: Liu Zhende, pp. 80–1; Mao 1987–98, vol. 9, p. 81; cf. Shapiro, pp. 86–9. Sparrows from Russia: interview with a Russian insider June 1995. Dogs: SMMM, p. 271.

8 Interview with a Russian insider, June 1995.

9 –424 “Last year”: Bo Yibo 1993, p. 700. “bourgeois professors”: 22 Mar. 1958, Mao 1987–98, vol. 7, p. 118. “forced”: 23 Nov. 1958, Mao CCRM, vol. 13, p. 217 (E. MacFarquhar et al., p. 515); Li Rui 1989, p. 236. “samovar” furnaces: Khrushchev 1977, vol. 1, p. 504. “To hand in”: CCP Zhenyuan Committee, p. 53.

10 –425 Work-days lost: MacFarquhar 1983, p. 119. “We must make it!”: Bo Yibo 1993, p. 706. “only 40 percent”: 21 Nov. 1958, Mao CCRM, vol. 13, p. 204 (E: MacFarquhar et al., p. 495); cf. MacFarquhar 1984, p. 128. Russian alloys: Doumkova, p. 133. “No good at”: Li Rui 1989, p. 88. Wasted much from Russia: Brezhnev, pp. 59ff. “slaves”: 16 May 1958, Mao 1987–98, vol. 7, p. 231. Zasyadko: Khrushchev 1977, vol. 2, pp. 324–5, 81; Vereshchagin, p. 114.

11 “grey-beard”: Bo Yibo 1993, p. 713. Quality problems: Huang & Zhang, p. 401; Contemporary Chinese Biographies team, pp. 546–65. “Communist spirit”: 30 Aug. 1958, Mao CCRM, vol. 13, p. 147 (E: MacFarquhar et al., p. 434). “Change from 1 Jan.”: Mao CCRM, vol. 13, pp. 176–7.

12 Days off: Mao CCRM, vol. 13, pp. 138, 180 (E: MacFarquhar et al., pp. 418, 443ff, 449, 455); Chayashan Commune Charter, in ZDJC vol. 22, p. 500. Typhoid: Li Rui, in Han Taihua, p. 583. “labouring every day”: 30 Aug. 1958, Mao CCRM, vol. 13, p. 151. “easier to control”: 21 Aug. 1958, Mao CCRM, vol. 13, p. 133. First commune: 19 Aug. 1958, Mao CCRM, vol. 13, p. 130; Mao 1987–98, vol. 7, pp. 345–7; Chen Han, pp. 158–61; Chayashan Commune Charter, ZDJC vol. 22, pp. 497–501. Rid of names: interview with Wang Guangmei, 27 Sept. 1994. See photo.

13 1,415 abodes: Liu & Yi, pp. 75–7. “This won’t do”: 26 Sept. 1961, Mao 1993c, p. 552. “people were slaves”: Wang Gengjin et al., p. 199; Becker,p. 144.

14 –428 “people roaming”: 19 Aug. 1958, Mao CCRM, vol. 13, p. 130 (E: MacFarquhar et al., p. 407). Orders banning peasants from leaving their villages include those on 2 Mar. & 18 Dec. 1957, 9 Jan. 1958, 25 Feb. 1959, in PRC Encyclopaedia vol. 2; 31 Mar. 1959, in ZDJC vol. 23, pp. 17–18. “four have died”: Wang Gengjin et al., p. 195. Brutality: Wang Gengjin et al., pp. 202–3; Becker, pp. 144–6. “Production first”: Yun & Bai, p. 7. “chimneys”: Mrs. Liang Sicheng, Li Yong et al., p. 271.

15 –429 Keep seventy-eight: Terzani, pp. 27–8; Kordon, p. 11 (Mao to Kordon, Dec. 1962). “I am delighted”: 28 Jan. 1958, Mao CCRM, vol. 13, p. 91; also pp. 80–1. “I can’t stand”: Jan. 1958, Li Rui, in Han Taihua, pp. 560–1. Qingdao and Changchun “the best”: Mar. 1958, Mao CCRM, vol. 11B, p. 46. Hold 10,000 people: interview with a chief architecture manager, 16 Oct. 2002. “biggest square”: Ma Ju, Peng Zhen’s secretary, ZDZ , no. 76, p. 64.

16 Life in “slow motion”: Rowinski, p. 89. Meat ration: Cong Jin, p. 272. Daily calorie intake: Ashton et al., pp. 622–3; Han 1982, p. 361; Banister, pp. 866–7. Auschwitz ration: museum at Auschwitz. Cannibalism: Wang Gengjin et al., p. 195; Fu Shanglun et al., p. 26; Becker, pp.212–13.

17 Polish student: Rowinski, p. 89. Liu said 30m dead: Chervonenko interview, 28 Oct. 1998. Grain exports: Yang, D., p. 66.

18 Yang Zihui et al., pp. 1522, 1610–12; China Statistics Bureau, p. 103; China Today 1988, p. 9; Dong Fu; cf. Yang, D., p. 38.

19 –431 “in favour of death”: 20 May 1958, Mao 1987–98, vol. 7, p. 201; Mao CCRM, vol. 11B, p. 68. Fengyang county: Wang Gengjin et al., pp. 194–5. “Deaths have benefits”: Mao CCRM, vol. 11B, p. 148; Wang Gengjin et al., p. 194. “prepared to sacrifice”: Sidikhmenov MS, p. 215; cf. Kapitsa 1996, p. 60; Bonsov 1982, p. 72. “Don’t make a fuss”: Mao CCRM, vol. 11B, p. 64; Mao CCRM, vol. 8, p. 44. “half of China”: Mao CCRM, vol. 13, pp. 203–4 (E: MacFarquhar et al., pp. 494–5).

CHAPTER 41 Defense Minister Peng’s Lonely Battle

1 Peng against corruption: Peng 1981, p. 5 (E: Peng, p. 27); Li Rui 1989, p. 342; Peng 1998, pp. 561–2, 739. Against personality cult: Li Rui 1989, pp. 253, 342; Zheng Wenhan, p. 135.

2 –433 Esteem for Khrushchev: Li Rui 1989, p. 253. “must be compatible”: Peng 1962. Admired “Liberty, Equality”: Mao CCRM, vol. 10, p. 347 (E: JPRS, vol. 9, part 1, p. 13); Li Rui 1989, pp. 235–6. Reluctantly made Peng defense minister: Wang Dongxing 1997a, pp. 93–4, 121. Offered to resign: Jin Chongji et al. 1998, p. 438.

3 –434 Nuclear submarines: minutes of Mao’s talk with Yudin, 22 July 1958, in DDWX , 1994, no. 1, p. 19 (E: CWB nos. 6–7, pp. 155–9). Peng disappeared: Zheng Wenhan, p. 338. Inspection tour: ibid., p. 366; Jing Xizhen, pp. 69–71. Wuhan Conference: Peng 1981, p. 265 (E: Peng,p. 487).

4 Peng visits home: Peng 1981, pp. 266, 274–5 (E: Peng, pp. 487, 501); Zheng Wenhan, pp. 389–92; Jing Xizhen, pp. 72–3; Wang Yan et al., p. 580.

5 –435 18 Dec., Peng — Bo: Peng 1981, p. 266 (E: Peng, p. 488); Zheng Wenhan, p. 390; Bo Yi-bo 1993, p. 857. “A few children die”: 9 Dec. 1958, Mao CCRM, vol. 11B, pp. 147–8.

6 Invitation to Eastern Europe: Peng 1998, pp. 691, 717–22; Peng 1962. Mao exploded: Zheng Wenhan, pp. 413–14; cf. MacFarquhar 1984, pp. 172ff. Wives: Zheng Wenhan, p. 414; interviews with people close to Peng. Peng — Yudin: Brezhnev, pp. 63–5; Brezhnev letter to authors, 6 Apr. 2000 and phone interview, 22 Apr. 2000.

7 East Germany: Zhu Kaiyin, p. 20; Zheng Wenhan, pp. 427–8; Wolf, Brie interviews, 18 & 22 Nov. 1999. Ulbricht wants more food: Meissner, p. 272 (Ulbricht letter to Mao, 11 Jan. 1961); Wang Taiping 1998, p. 309. Peng on E. Europe: Peng 1998, p. 736; Wang Taiping 1998, p. 292; Zhu Kaiyin, pp. 19–20.

8 Visit to Albania: Zheng Wenhan, pp. 441–3; interview with Maqo Çomo, 13 Mar. 1996. “transport grain”: Peng 1981, p. 267 (E: Peng,p. 489).

9 Mausoleum: Peng 1998, p. 736. Submarines: Hoxha 1980, pp. 435–61. Loans: AQSh, f. 14, 1958, d. 1 (Hoxha to Mao, 7 Oct.; Hoxha to Chinese ambassador, 9 Oct.; Mao to Hoxha, 18 Dec. 1961); AQSh, f. 14, 1961, d. 1 (Chou — Koleka talks, 17 & 30 Jan. 1961).

10 –438 “invite in Soviet Red Army”: Li Rui 1989, p. 126; cf. Vereshchagin, p. 115. “sniff around”: 1 Aug. 1959, in Li Rui 1989, p. 239; Zheng Wenhan, p. 444. Payments to Russia: Li Xiannian report to Mao, 20 May 1959, in ZDJC vol. 23, pp. 96–9. “peasants united against … Party”: Mao CCRM, vol. 13, pp. 253, 264–75. Provincial bosses: Tao Lujia, pp. 82–4.

11 Mao to Shaoshan: our visit to Shaoshan, and interviews with Mao’s entourage, relatives, local officials, Oct. 1994; Gong Guzhong et al.; Zhao Zhichao, pp. 495–531 (Li, Z., pp. 301–4).

12 –440 Mao at Lushan: our visit to Lushan, and interview with a local insider, Apr. 1996; Luo Shixu; Li Rui 1989; Li Zhisui, pp. 296–8 (E: pp. 309ff).

13 –441 Zhongnanhai lounge: interviews with former girlfriends of Mao’s, 29 Sept. 1994, 30 July 1999; Li Zhisui, pp. 268–9, 342–5 (E: pp. 356–64). Peng arrived: visit to Lushan, Apr. 1996; Wang Chengxian, pp. 238–9. Lushan conference: Teiwes with Sun 1999, pp. 202–12; Yang, D., pp. 51–6; Li Rui 1996, pp. 78–96. Peng views: Peng 1998, pp. 738–40; Peng Dehuai’s speeches at Lushan, 3–10 July 1959, URI, Peng , pp. 393–45; Peng 1962.