Chalmers Johnson - The Sorrows of Empire - Militarism, Secrecy, and the End of the Republic

Truman Doctrine, 204

truth, replaced by propaganda, 285, 298–306

TRW, 57, 309

Tupac Amaru guerrilas, 264

Turkey, 70, 137, 173, 205, 206, 278

Iraq war and, 252

Kurds and, 174, 233

military bases in, 144, 215, 240, 242, 252

Turkmenistan, 169, 170, 172, 176, 178, 179, 185

Turley, Jonathan, 310

Turner, Frederick Jackson, 191

Tuvalu, 133

Twenty-eighth Air Expeditionary Group, 252

Tyranny’s Ally (Feith), 235

Udorn, Thailand (air base), 134, 162

UKUSA signals intelligence alliance, 165

Ullman, Harlan, 289–90

unemployment, 106–7, 259, 261

unilateralism, 4, 73–81, 286

economic effect of, 256, 272, 281, 307

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR, Soviet Union), 34

Afghanistan and, 139, 177, 222

atomic bomb and, 222

collapse of, 3, 6, 13, 16–21, 62, 169

combat aircraft, 119

containment of, 2, 6, 193, 194

East Asia and, 50

East Germany and, 7, 8

economy of, 258, 263

empire of, 31–34, 69

end of empire, 19, 20, 22–23, 189, 310

“evil empire” label and, 2–3, 67

oil and, 168–69

U.S. surveillance of, 162, 163

weapons sales, 214

WW II and, 194, 300

Union Oil Company of California (Unocal), 172, 176–80, 228

Unisys, 224

United Arab Emirates, 179, 222, 233, 307

military bases in, 24, 215, 242, 244, 249–50

United Nations (UN), 63, 68, 69, 76–78, 80

Afghanistan and, 180

East Timor and, 125

imperialism and, 283–84

Iraq and, 225, 229–30, 232–33, 236, 302–5

war crimes tribunal, 74

UN Charter, 77–78, 86, 200

UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, 290–91

UN General Assembly, 86, 133

UN Security Council, 72, 73, 77–78, 299

Powell presentation to, 301–4

resolution 1441, 224

U.S. Congress, 9, 68, 74, 84, 117, 129, 163, 199, 275, 284, 296, 306

Budget Office, 307

covert operations and, 117–19, 128

defense spending and, 56–58, 248, 306, 309

Gulf War I and, 230–31

Indonesia and, 125

Iraq and, 292

military circumvents, 125, 128, 130, 133, 136–38, 142

need for reform of, 312

powers of 12, 44–45, 292, 294

Roman senate compared with, 16

Spanish-American War and, 40, 41, 43–45

Vietnam and, 61, 301

WW I and, 49, 50

WW II and, 52

U.S. Export Import Bank, 278–79

U.S. House of Representatives, 56, 86–87, 111, 297

United States Information Agency, 64

U.S. News & World Report, 108, 127

U.S. Senate, 51, 111, 127, 205–6

Appropriations Committee, 57

Foreign Relations Committee, 152

Intelligence Committee, 295, 305

Judiciary Committee, 297

U.S. Supreme Court, 120, 174, 294, 296, 298

universities, 26, 32, 111–12, 141–42, 272, 278

University of Michigan Law School, 104

Uruguay, 75

“Uruguay Round,” 269

Uzbekistan, 137, 172, 175, 178

military bases in, 5, 144, 170, 173, 181, 183, 184, 203, 214, 215, 226, 242

Vagts, Alfred, 24, 30, 60

Vang Pao, 134

V Corps, 196, 242

Venezuela, 267

Veracruz occupation, 47

Veterans Administration (VA), 100–101

veterans, 52, 58–59, 100–101

“Victory Changes Everything” (Krauthammer), 67–68

Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (1969), 74

Vieques Island base controversy, 152

Vietcong, 131

“Vietnamization,” 135–36

Vietnam War, 3, 6, 9, 10, 31, 33, 34, 82, 112, 239

armed forces demographics, 102, 104

Bush II and, 287

“credibility gap” and, 114

domestic politics and, 236

economic impact of, 56, 259, 265

foreign troops in, 131–32, 134–36, 208, 209

Gulf of Tonkin and, 301

“lessons” of, 60, 81

medical effects of, 100

militarism and, 59–61, 64

military bases and, 35, 189, 200, 202–4, 207, 209–11

racism and, 109

special forces in, 128

Vietnam War Memorial, 59

Villa, Francisco “Pancho,” 47

Vilnius Ten, 300

Vinnell Corporation, 135, 140, 148–49, 237–38, 242

“Vision for 2020” (Space Command policy statement), 81

Vuono, Carl E., 141

VX nerve agent, 302

Waco, Texas, assault of 1993, 121

Waddle, Scott D., 116

Waldron, Michael, 107

Wallerstein, Immanuel, 287

Wall Street Journal, 163

Wal-Mart, 144

Walsh, Jim, 85

war. See also “preventive war”

citizens in armed forces, 64

imperialism and, 187, 214–15

movies about, 112–13

perpetual or permanent, 285, 291, 309

pretexts for, 214, 301–3

profiteering, 277, 279–81

space and, 27–28

technology of, 27–28, 288–91

“total,” 28

war crimes, 4, 74–75

War Department, 45, 117

“war on drugs,” 167, 278–79

“war on terrorism,” 2, 4, 21, 68

assassinations and, 291

Bush II declares, 6, 292, 294

cost of, 306

globalization and, 272

Iraq and, 229, 235

military bases and, 215

oil and, 167, 169, 176, 227

Philippines and, 193, 213–14

preventive war and, 286

training of foreign troops and, 132, 133

unilateralism and, 77

warrior culture, 26–27, 61, 188

Warsaw Pact, 19, 162, 197–98

Washington, George, 39, 44, 46, 48

“Washington Consensus,” 260, 268–69, 276

Washington Post, 67, 172, 201, 292, 304

Watergate, 3, 118, 284, 295

Watson, Roland, 110

Wayne, John, 58–59

“weapons of mass destruction,” 20, 22, 188

Cold War and, 258

Iraq and, 94, 229–31, 302–3

secret funds and, 117

unilateralism and, 77, 285

weapons purchases, 55–56, 55

weapons sales, 124, 132, 135, 137, 251

amount of, 63, 133, 214

to Iraq, 224, 225

subsidized, 278–81

Weaver, Randy, 121

Weber, Max, 12, 13

Weekly Standard, 228

Weinberger, Caspar, 18, 114

Weiner, Tim, 128

Wells, Andrew, 36

Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation (WHISC), 136–37

West Point, 5–6, 104

Wheeler, Winslow T, 292

White, Thomas E., 63

White Beach (Okinawa), 163

“white man’s burden,” 261

whites, racial gangs and, 110

Whitlam, Gough, 162–63

Willard, Robert, 109

Wilson, Woodrow, 46–51, 191

Wilsonian idealism, 70–71, 189

Wings (film), 112

Wolff, Michael, 249

Wolfowitz, Paul, 85–86, 126–27, 178, 183, 228, 234, 279, 295, 305

women, 214

in armed forces, 99, 104–6, 241

Taliban and, 72, 178, 180, 233

Woodward, Bob, 172, 292

World Bank, 71, 256, 262, 264–69, 273–76, 278

World Court, 75

world summit on sustainable development (South Africa), 257

world systems theory, 287

World Trade Center bombing of 1993, 121, 139. See also September 11, 2001 attacks

World Trade Organization (WTO), 256, 259, 261–62, 269–75, 277

World War I, 36, 47–52, 70, 189

World War II, 2, 10, 37, 58–59, 121, 164, 252

defense budget secrecy and, 12, 117

demographics of armed forces, 102, 188

economic imperialism after, 257–58

military bases and, 35, 189, 190, 193–203

militarism unleashed by, 52–55

Philippines and, 43, 207

territory acquired in, 32, 34

Worldwide Manpower Distribution by Geographical Area (Manpower Report), 153–54

Wurmser, David, 234, 235

Wurmser, Meyrav, 235

Yalta agreement, 33

Yemen, 27, 252

Yokosuka naval base (Japan), 201

Yongbyon nuclear plant (North Korea), 94

Yongsan Army Garrison (South Korea), 92