Chalmers Johnson - The Sorrows of Empire - Militarism, Secrecy, and the End of the Republic

Magsaysay, Ramón, 209

Mahan, Alfred T., 80, 192

Mahathir, Mohamad, 273–74

Maine, USS, sinking of, 40, 192, 301

Makarios III, president of Cyprus, 206

Malaysia, 273–74

Mallaby, Sebastian, 71

Manama naval base (Bahrain), 220–21, 245, 248, 252

Manas International Airport (Kyrgyzstan), 183–84

Manchester, William, 59

Manchuria, 48, 131, 170

Manhattan Project, 12, 117

manifest destiny, 51

Manila Bay, 41, 43

manufacturing, 208, 281

Maoism, 9

Marashi, Ibrahim al-, 304

Marcos, Ferdinand, 89, 207, 210–13, 273

Marcos, Imelda, 210, 212

Marine Corps, 7, 41, 103, 105, 109, 201. See also Special Forces

defense budget and, 62

number of, 78

Marine Corps Reserve, 102

“Market as God, The” (Cox), 261

“market democracy,” 21

markets, “free,” 262, 263, 265, 273, 308–9. See also globalization; neoliberalism

Markle, Kenneth, 92

Marshall, Andrew W., 82–83

Marshall, George C, 53–54

Martin, Patrick, 176

Marxism, 50, 260, 261

Matar, Mohammed, 230

Matlock, Jack F, 69

Mauritius, 221

Maury, John, 205

Mazar-i-Sharif base (Afghanistan), 182

Mead, Walter Russell, 68

media. See news media

Meltzer Report (2000), 275–76

Menem, Carlos, 274

mercantilism, 30–31

mercenaries, 135, 141–42, 148

Metcalf, Joseph W., III, 114

Mexican War of 1846–48, 52, 191

Mexico, 2, 121, 169, 190, 192, 274

debt crises, 266, 267, 273

revolution of 1910, 47–49

Michener, James, 58

Microsoft, 166

Middle East Media Research Institute (Memri), 235

Middle East Review of International Affairs, 304

Middle East. See also CENTCOM; Persian Gulf; and specific countries, military bases, and wars

mercenaries in, 135

NSS of 1990 and, 21

oil and, 145, 168, 218, 234

permanent deployment of soldiers in, 253

plan to remake, 228, 237

Miles, Manuel, 15

militarism, 256, 310

all-volunteer army and, 102

causes of, 64–65

CINCs and foreign policy and, 124–26

“civilian,” 60–62

civilian casualties and, 28

Cold War and, 55–58

defense spending and, 56–58

defined, vs. “military,” 23–24

democracy undermined by, 13

domestic policing and, 119–23

economic effect of, 257

economic globalism vs., 272

growth of, as irreversible, 11–12

Hawaii and, 42n

imperialism inseparable from, 30

indicators of, 58–65, 78–79

institutions of, 97–130

intelligence and, 11, 126–29, 167

Korean War and, 58–59

military as priority of state and, 63–64

military bases and, 152

military evasion of congressional restrictions and, 138

military officers in government positions and, 62–63

Panama and, 42n

professional military class and, 58–62

Reagan and, 61–62

sorrows of, post Iraq, 284–85

space and, 79–83

Spanish-American War and, 39–46

standing army and, 44–45

Vietnam War and, 59–61

Wilson and, 46–52

WW II, 52–55

Militarism, U.S.A. (Donovan), 187

military. See also armed forces; Defense, Department of

defined, vs. militarism, 23–24

displaces resources from free market, 308–9

domestic policing and, 119–23

growth of role of, 3, 22, 123–25

high-ranking, as modern-day proconsuls, 5, 8

overstretched, 256

personnel, deployment of, 154–55, 156–60

political power of, 53–54

presence, number of nations in, 288

Military Assistance Pact (1947), 207, 209

Military Bases Agreement (1957), 207

military bases overseas, 64. See also specific bases and host countries

Afghanistan and, 181–82

CINCs and, 124

Cold War and, 32–33

construction and maintenance of, 26, 142–44

crime and racism in, 6–8, 36–37, 107–8

disguised, 4

empire of, 11, 151–55, 187–89

expulsion of, 213–14

financing of, 24–25

history of acquisition of, 188–214

indigenous people displaced by, 34, 221

Monroe Doctrine and, 2, 189–92

network of, global, 1, 23

number and value of, 4–5, 153–54, 189–90

oil and, 167–80

Persian Gulf, 226–27, 233, 237–53

post-Cold War era acquisition of, 214–15

post-Vietnam reduction in, 203–4

rationale for, 188

recreation spots for, 5

reluctance to give up, 25–26, 34–35, 152, 310

surveillance and, 161–167

after WWII, 193–203

military-industrial complex, 26, 32–33, 39, 57–58, 142–43, 152, 214, 277, 309

military officers

demographics of, 103, 104–5

number of, in foreign countries, 5

as professional military class, 55, 58–63

retired, in arms industry, 61, 135, 141

military participation ratio (MPR), 52, 59

Military Professional Resources, Inc. (MPRI), 140, 141, 142

Miller, Stuart Creighton, 43

Milosevic, Slobodan, 74

Mindanao, Muslim secessionists in, 210

Misawa Air Force Base (Japan), 162, 164

Missile Defense Agency, 309

“mission myopia,” 300

Moberg, David, 74

Mobil Oil, 218

Mongol empire, 257

Monroe, James, 191

Monroe Doctrine, 40, 190–92

Monsanto, 271

Montagnards, 131

Montana National Guard, 175

Monteith, Jimmy W., Jr., 143

Moore, Demi, 112

“moral hazard,” 266

moral truth, Bush II and, 286–87

Moran, Michael, 155

Morón Air Base (Spain), 204

Moro National Liberation Front (Philippines), 210

Morris, Roger, 223

Mossadeq, Mohammad, 220

Mosul, National Museum looted (Iraq), 234

Mount Pinatubo volcano, 209, 213

MSNBC, 113

multilateral development banks, 63

multilateralism, 80

multinational corporations, 26, 30–31, 219, 267, 271, 277

munitions companies, 133, 277

Munnich, Eric, 92

Murray, Patty, 57

Murtopo, Ali, 76

Musharraf, Pervez, 125, 182

mutual defense treaties, 31

Mutual Defense Treaty (U.S. Philippines), 209

“Mutual Logistics Support Agreement” (Philippines), 213–14

Myers, Richard B., 79, 249

Nader, Ralph, 145

Nagorno-Karabakh, 174

Nagy, Imre, 19

Napoleonic Wars, 221, 257

Nasser, Gamal Abdel, 219, 223

National Defense University (Washington, DC), 136

national energy policy (Cheney Report, 2001), 169

National Geographic (TV show), 113

National Guard, 46, 107, 175

number of, 102

National Hot Rod Association, 98

National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA), 117, 127

National Reconnaissance Office (NRO), 79, 80, 117, 118, 127, 155, 162, 311

National Security Agency (NSA), 36, 117–18, 127, 155, 161–62

computer failure, 288

U.S. citizens and, 165, 166, 296

National Security Council, 20, 173, 179, 181, 223, 228

National Security Decision Directive 114, 224

National Security Strategy (NSS) (1990), 20–21 (2002), 33–34, 90, 151, 286–88

National Space Symposium, 79–80, 311

National System of Political Economy, The (List), 262

Native Americans, 2, 43, 103, 190

NATO, 80, 140, 154, 164, 194, 204

Bush II and, 83

Eastern Europe and, 20, 280

formation of, 222

Greece and, 206, 207

Serbia and, 75

natural gas, 169, 176

Naval Reserve, 102

Naval Special Warfare Center, 136

navy, 7, 63, 103, 105, 112–13, 129

black programs, 118

defense budget and, 62

number in, 78

Navy SeaBees, 245